Materiais para as aulas de PLE/PL2: proposta a partir de experiências didácticas

O objectivo deste trabalho é partilhar propostas de actividades a partir de diversas experiências didácticas desenvolvidas na Universidade de Extremadura (Espanha), em diferentes anos e com estudantes de PLE, mas que também podem ser adaptadas para o trabalho com estudantes de PL2. Após uma breve explicação dos presupostos teóricos e metodológicos que servem de base a todas elas - abordagem integral, interesse pelo percurso e não pelo resultado final, competência comunicativa intercultural -, apresentamos as actividades, fazemos uma descripção da sua estrutura, fornecemos materiais para as desenvolver e mostramos as produções dos estudantes.Abstract: The aim of this work is to share proposals for activities based on a variety of didactic experiments which were carried out at the University of Extremadura (Spain) with PLE students from different years, but which can also be adapted for work with PL2 students. After a brief explanation of the theoretical and methodological premises which form the basis of these activities - integral approach, focus on the trajectory rather than the end result, intercultural communicative competence - we introduce the activities, describe their structure, provide the relevant materials and present examples of the students’ work.Résumé: L’objectif de ce travail est de partager avec la communauté scientifique une série de propositions d’activités surgies à partir de différentes expériences didactiques, réalisées à l’Université d’Extremadure (Espagne) avec des étudiants de PLE, au cours de différentes années, qui, selon nous, pourront être adaptées pour travailler avec des étudiants de PL2. Après une brève introduction des présupposés théoriques et méthodologiques qui sont à la base de ces expériences didactiques - méthode intégrale, intérêt pour le développement du travail et non pas pour le résultat final, compétence communicative interculturelle - nous présentons les activités, nous faisons une description de leur structure, nous fournissons les matériaux pour leur réalisation et nous montrons les productions des étudiants

Xi! puxa! hum... glub¡ glub! o el léxico coloquial portugués en "A banda desenhada"

El cómic es un producto de nuestro tiempo, fiel reflejo de la realidad, de ahí que la lengua que en él aparece, al igual que los comportamientos que refleja, sea absolutamente actual. Esto hace que los cómics resulten un material excelente para los estudios de carácter lingüístico. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la gran riqueza coloquial que ofrecen los cómics y estudiar a través de ellos los principales rasgos léxicos que caracterizan el portugués coloquial. Dichos rasgos aparecen organizados de la manera siguiente: a) Recursos léxicos que utiliza el emisor (YO) para atraer la atención sobre su propio discurso: onomatopeyas, interjecciones, palabras malsonantes, recursos fraseológicos, repeticiones, etcétera. b) Recursos léxicos que utiliza el emisor (YO) para atraer la atención del receptor (TU): imperativos, interrogativas, juegos de palabras, negaciones, etcétera.Comic books constitute a product of our times. They are a trustworthy mirror of reality, and thus, the language and behaviours depicted in them express a current degree of interest. Such observations make comic books an excellent source of linguistic study. This paper aims to analyse the immense colloquial richness that comic books have to offer, and to study, through them, lexical features imbued in current colloquial portuguese. Such devices are organised as follows: a) Lexical devices used by the speaker (I) to draw attention to his own speech: onomatopeias, exclamations, cursing words, lexical phrases, repetitions, etc. b) Lexical devices used by the speaker (I) to draw attention from the audience (YOU): imperatives, questions, puns, negations, etc.peerReviewe

Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa / Mia Couto e a actualização da memória através da linguagem

El presente trabajo pretende analizar la intencionalidad de la presencia de unidades fraseológicas en dos de las obras en lengua portuguesa más representativas del panorama literario actual de Mozambique: “Ualalapi”, de Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa, y “Terra Sonâmbula”, de Mia Couto. Ambos autores, a pesar de que utilizan lenguajes y estilos diferentes, coinciden en el gusto por aderezar sus obras con una gran cantidad de fraseologismos. Así pues, nos proponemos estudiar los diferentes procedimientos y estrategias que estos escritores utilizan para introducir la fraseología en estas dos obras en concreto, concluyendo con la idea de que existe una intención común —si bien que con matices diferentes— de hacerlo para mostrar al pueblo de Mozambique con su cultura en construcción.This article analyses the intention behind the presence of phraseological units in two of the most representative works written in Portuguese of the recent literary panorama of Mozamique: “Ualalapi”, by Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa, and “Terra Sonâmbula”, by Mia Couto. Although their style and language differ, both authors coincide in their tendency to pepper their work with numerous phraseological units. This essay thus aims to study the different procedures and strategies used by these authors in introducing phraseological units in these two particular works, and reaches the conclusion that —despite shades of difference— they share the common purpose of showing the people of Mozambique in the process of constructing their culture.peerReviewe

"Jaime Bunda, agente secreto", de Pepetela. Un James Bond muy kitsch

Análisis de la novela “Jaime Bunda, agente secreto” (Lisboa, Dom Quixote, 2001) del es¬critor angoleño Pepetela, en el contexto de la narrativa africana en lengua portuguesa, en el que buena parte de las obras publicadas en las últimas décadas adoptan la forma de narrativas policiacas. En el caso concreto de “Jaime Bunda, agente secreto”, analizamos si se trata o no de una verdadera novela policiaca, pues Pepetela lleva a cabo todo un proceso de inversión paródica, tanto de los personajes como de las características identificadoras del género, que nos permiten hablar de «carnavalización del género policiaco clásico». Profundizamos, asimismo, en las razones que mueven a los escritores africanos en lengua portuguesa en general, y a Pepetela en particular, a disfrazar sus obras de novela policíaca, apuntando hacia un propósito claro de denuncia y crítica de los actuales contextos históricos de Angola, Mozambique…, inmersos en políticas de globalización neoliberal.This article analyses the novel “Jaime Bunda, agente secreto” (Lisboa, Dom Quixote, 2001) by Angolan writer Pepetela in the context of African narratives in Portuguese. This is significant due to the fact that, in the last decades, many of these novels have adopted the form of crime fiction. In the specific case of “Jaime Bunda, agente secreto”, attention will be paid to whether or not it can be described as a real crime novel, since Pepetela submits both his characters and the identifying characteristics of the genre to the strategy of parodic inversion. This allows him to speak of a «carnivalization of classical crime fiction». We look into the reasons why African writers in Portuguese, in general, and Pepetela, in particular, use the framework of crime fiction in their novels. It will be finally argued that this choice implies a clear purpose of denunciation and criticism of current historical contexts in countries such as Angola or Mozambique, which are under the rule of neoliberal globalization policies.peerReviewe

Cuerpo, corporeidad y maternidad en 'The Millstone', de Margaret Drabble

The definition of the human body has been studied in multiple fields, as well as the concept of corporality. Both are closely related, as the human body is not only what we see, the biological body, but also the elements that surround this physical reality – that is, corporality. Maternity is one of these elements, and this is clearly reflected in The Millstone. Through the analysis of the protagonist’s (Rosamund) physical, social and cultural body, we are able to explore her evolution, her relationship with her own body and with herself, with her friends and the women that surround her during her pregnancy, and her adjustment to her new situation and to her daughter.La definición del cuerpo humano ha sido objeto de estudio de múltiples campos disciplinarios, al igual que el concepto de corporalidad. Ambos están intrínsecamente relacionados, ya que el cuerpo no es solo lo que vemos, nuestro cuerpo biológico, sino también los elementos que rodean a esta realidad física, es decir, la corporalidad. La maternidad es uno de estos elementos y esto queda claramente reflejado en The Millstone. A través de un análisis del cuerpo físico, social y cultural de su protagonista, Rosamund, exploramos su evolución, su relación con su propio cuerpo y con ella misma, sus amigos, las mujeres que la rodean durante el embarazo y su adecuación a su nueva situación y a su hija

Enemies, partners or friends? Employers perspectives on conflict management by employee representatives in Europe.

In organizations, a constructive dialogue between management and representatives of employees is essential to come to optimal decision making, prevent escalation of conflicts, and find integrative solutions for problems in the organization, related to the interests of employees. This social dialogue is in many countries, and especially within the European Union institutionalized. Elected and protected employee representatives (ERs), engage in social dialogue with management. This relation however is often conflictive. In this dissertation, we aim to gain a deeper understanding on the conflicts and conflict behaviors of ERs, particularly as perceived by their counterpart in the organization, being HR managers. This subject is understudied, however of great interest, both from academic and societal point of view. First, we developed a heuristic model for this dissertation (chapter 1), defining our key variables. We focus on perceived competences of ERs, in relation to task- and relationship conflicts between management and ERs, conflict behavior by ERs, and the perceived influence of ERs on decision making, as well as on the quality of this decision making. We did so through four different studies. Our first study is a systematic literature review on conflict and conflict behavior by ERs at organizational level related to the trust between the parties. We found only a very limited number of empirical studies, and particularly few quantitative studies, investigating these relations in this context. Our second, third and fourth studies are based on a large multi-national survey. This was conducted in 11 EC member states, with 614 HR-managers participating. Study two investigates the relations between perceived competences of ERs, their cooperative and competitive conflict behavior, and the perceived influence on decision making on traditional and innovative issues. Based on theories of competences, conflict behavior and influence, we tested our model, demonstrating that perceived competences are positively related with influence on both types of issues. This relation is partly mediated by conflict behavior. The theory of conglomerate conflict behavior is supported, with cooperative and competitive behavior contributing positively to perceived influence. Study three investigates the relations between task and relationship conflict, conflict behavior and the quality of agreements. We tested hypotheses bases on theories of team conflicts and conglomerate conflict behavior. We conclude that task and relationship conflict are both negatively related to quality of agreements, and that this is partly mediated by conflict behavior. In addition, the study shows that a) both types of conflict are positively related with competitive behavior, and negatively with cooperative behavior; and b) both types of behavior are positive related to quality of agreements. Study four takes a broader approach on the position of ERs in Europe. We elaborate perceptions of management on ERs, analyze differences between countries, and propose possible interventions to improve social dialogue. In our concluding chapter, we summarize our findings, and discuss theoretical and practical implications.Un diálogo constructivo entre la patronal y los representantes de los trabajadores (RTs) es clave para alcanzar una óptima toma de decisiones, prevenir el escalamiento de los conflictos, y encontrar soluciones integradoras para los problemas de la organización. Este diálogo social se encuentra ya institucionalizado en muchos países, especialmente en la Unión Europea. Esta tesis pretende comprender mejor los conflictos y comportamientos de gestión del conflicto de los RTs, particularmente desde la perspectiva de los directores de Recursos Humanos (RRHH), sus homólogos en la mesa de negociación. En primer lugar, desarrollamos un modelo heurístico (capítulo 1), definiendo nuestras variables de estudio. Nos centramos así en las competencias percibidas por la patronal de los RTs en relación a: a) los conflictos de tarea y relacionales; b) el comportamiento en el conflicto; c) la influencia en la toma de decisiones; y d) la calidad del proceso de toma de decisiones. Para cumplir dichos objetivos llevamos a cabo 5 estudios. El primer estudio (capítulo 2) consiste en una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre los conflictos y el comportamiento en el conflicto por parte de los RTs, a nivel organizacional, en relación con la confianza entre las partes. El segundo (capítulo 3), tercer (capítulo 4) y cuarto estudio (capítulo 5) son empíricos y se basan en datos cuantitativos recogidos de 614 directores de RRHH en 11 países europeos. En el capítulo final (capítulo 6), resumimos nuestros hallazgos y discutimos las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas. El segundo estudio (capítulo 3) analiza las relaciones entre las competencias percibidas de los RTs, su comportamiento de gestión del conflicto (cooperativo y competitivo), y la influencia percibida en el proceso de toma de decisiones tanto en cuestiones de tipo tradicional como innovadoras. El estudio tres (capítulo 4) investiga las relaciones entre el conflicto de tarea y relacional el comportamiento de gestión de conflicto y la calidad de los acuerdos. El estudio cuatro (capítulo 5) adopta un enfoque más amplio sobre la posición de los RTs en Europa; en dicho capítulo profundizamos sobre las percepciones de los RTs por parte de la patronal analizando las diferencias más significativas entre los países participantes. Finalmente, concluimoseste estudio con posibles intervenciones para la mejora del diálogo social en la mesa de negociación

The Sin of Pride in Dressing Bodies in Spanish and Anglo-American Ballads

In her article The Sin of Pride in Dressing Bodies in Spanish and Anglo-American Ballads Ana Belén Martínez García argues that trying to decipher the reasons for characters to dress in a certain way may help discover the underlying sociocultural mechanisms that prevail. The author aims to reveal the gender divide associated to clothing through a comparative approach towards popular literature in Spanish and English. She uses Judith Butler\u27s theory of performative acts in order to conduct the text analysis. Clothes-related acts feature prominently in the case of popular balladry. Spanish romances and Anglo-American ballads are poems that were and are still meant to be orally performed. Therefore, the audience plays a key role on transmission and retransmission, which in turn shape societal mores. The discussion shows how certain gender-associated topics have been left intact, particularly the bias against women\u27s vanity. The conclusions that are set forward will hopefully be of use to the literary reader–scholar who is interested in new ways of looking at oral traditions of different languages and nations, sharing a common European background

Populist contagion or anti-elitism in opposition? PSOE’s response to the emergence of Podemos

This article assesses the possible populist discourse contagion experienced by the Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party (PSOE) due to the irruption of Podemos. To this end, a content analysis has been carried out on a selection of PSOE manifestos for national and European elections, published between 2004 and 2019. The results show that the evolution of PSOE’s anti-elitism is not necessarily related to the competition with Podemos but to the party’s opposition status, especially in contexts of citizen discontent. Therefore, the main results suggest that the political decline of traditional parties could be a more decisive factor than the emergence and rise of new parties, when explaining the shifts in party identity. In addition, the article shows that populist messages have played three main functions in PSOE’s manifestos: i) to show empathy with and understanding of people’s unrest in contexts of citizen dissatisfaction; ii) to attack the main political competitor when the party is in opposition; and iii) to use economic powers and other elites as scapegoats, especially when the party is in government.Este artículo analiza el posible contagio del discurso populista experimentado por el Partido Socialista Obrero Español (PSOE) por la irrupción de Podemos. Para ello se ha realizado un análisis de contenido en una selección de programas electorales nacionales y europeos del PSOE publicados entre 2004 y 2019. Los resultados muestran que la evolución del antielitismo en los programas del PSOE no está necesariamente relacionada con la competición con Podemos, sino con el estatus de oposición del partido, especialmente en contextos de descontento ciudadano. Por tanto, los principales resultados sugieren que el declive político de los partidos tradicionales podría ser un factor más decisivo que el surgimiento y el auge de nuevos partidos a la hora de explicar los cambios en la identidad de los mismos. Asimismo, el artículo muestra que los mensajes populistas han jugado tres funciones principales en los programas del PSOE: mostrar empatía y comprensión con el malestar del pueblo en contextos de insatisfacción ciudadana; atacar al competidor principal cuando el partido está en la oposición, y utilizar los poderes económicos y otras élites como chivos expiatorios, especialmente cuando el partido está en el Gobierno

An instrument for measuring performance in geometry based on the Van Hiele model

[EN] In this paper we present the process of constructing a test for assessing student performance in geometry corresponding to the first year of Secondary Education. The main goal was to detect student errors in the understanding of geometry in order to develop a proposal according to the Van Hiele teaching model, explained in this paper. Our research methodology took into account reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, as well as the construct validity, with the extraction of 13 factors that accounted for a high percentage of variance. This result leads us to conclude that the instrument constructed has the appropriate technical and pedagogical features to be considered an original and significant contribution to the field of geometry teaching. The final version of the test constructed after the extraction of factors is shown in the Appendi