Wheelchair basketball : influence of shoulder pain in sport skills

Shoulder injuries are a common problem among wheelchair basketball players (WB). The purpose of this study was to detect the influence of shoulder pain (SP) in WB sport skills. Fifty-one WB players aged from 15 to 42 (21 females, 23, 86±1, 38 years and 30 males, 23, 90±1, 46 years) were evaluated. Shoulder Pain Index for Wheelchair Basketball (SPI-WB) was used to determine SP in relation to specific WB skills. Gender and age were compared using T-test and One Factor ANOVA, respectively. The level of significance was set at p≤0, 05. 27, 5% of the sample reported actual SP. Statistical analysis revealed a main effect for gender regarding SP during shooting skills, especially for females. There were no significant differences according to rebounding/one-handed long passes and other sport situations. In conclusion, SP could affect the specific activities of WB according to gender, especially during shooting in females, so ways to promote shoulder health must be develop.Las lesiones del hombro son un problema común entre los jugadores de baloncesto en silla de ruedas (BSR). El objetivo de este estudio fue detectar la influencia del dolor de hombro (DH) en las habilidades deportivas propias del BSR. 51 jugadores de BSR entre 15 y 42 (21 mujeres, 23, 86 ± 1, 38 años y 30 hombres, 23, 90 ± 1, 46 años) fueron evaluados. El Cuestionario del Dolor de Hombro en BSR se utilizó para determinar el DH en relación a las habilidades específicas del BSR. El género y la edad se compararon mediante la prueba t y ANOVA de un factor, respectivamente. El nivel de significación se estableció en p≤0, 05. 27, 5% de la muestra informó SP en el momento del estudio. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas de acuerdo al género en relación con DH en habilidades como el tiro, especialmente para las mujeres. No hubo diferencias significativas en función de realizar acciones de rebote y pases largos/una sola mano y otras situaciones propias del BSR. En conclusión, SP podría afectar a las actividades específicas del BSR en función del género, especialmente en las mujeres, por lo que se debe promover la salud del hombro

Opinión de expertos sobre un programa de ejercicio realizado en casa para la prevención de dolor de hombro: aplicación en jugadores de baloncesto en silla de ruedas.

The aim of the study was to assess the structure and content validity of a home-based exercise program, as an instrument to prevent of shoulder pain (SP) in wheelchair basketball players. The proposed program was designed considering previous studies but to be applied in this specific population and; it was composed by exercises based on active mobility (4 exercises), strengthening (5 exercises) and stretching (5 exercises) of the shoulder joint. An ad hoc questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of 9 experts (1 rehabilitation physician,1 sport physician, 4 physiotherapists and 3 coaches) that fulfilled the defined inclusion criteria. The results showed that experts considered the shoulder home-based exercise program (SHEP) as adequate tool for SP prevention in WB; however, some experts suggested some changes to improve it. According to the qualitative analysis performed, findings revealed two main underlying factors such as “design” (content and structure) and “application” that could influence in the adequate use of the home-based exercise program. This study provided evidence that the presentedhome-based exercise program is a validate tool and could be a powerful tool to prevent shoulder pain in WB player’s population.   </jats:p

Exercise for People with Acquired Brain Injury: An ICF Perspective.

Exercise is an important element in the process of recovery from an acquired brain injury (ABI). However, specific guidance for exercise prescription and interventions in this population are missed. The aim of this study was to establish the key parameters to design and implement exercise programs based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) domains. A panel of experts that consisted of 13 professionals from neuro-rehabilitation centers evaluated the key parameters of this original proposal. The Heinemann methodology was used for all qualitative analyses. Additionally, Cronbach’s alpha was applied to the statistical analyses. According to the results, Cronbach’s alpha (0.97) indicated excellent internal consistency, and the experts perceptions ratified the proposed criteria to develop exercise programs for people with ABI. The proposed key parameters for the development of exercise programs for people with ABI based in ICF domains (body functions, activity—participation and environmental factors) bring a new, solid, and innovative tool for methodological design of these programs in sub-acute and chronic rehabilitation settings.pre-print1011 K

Physical Activity and Sport for Acquired Brain Injury (PASABI): A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background and objectives: Acquired brain injury (ABI) is the first cause of disability and physical activity (PA) is a key element in functional recovery and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) during the subacute and chronic phases. However, it is necessary to develop PA programs that respond to the heterogeneity and needs of this population. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a PA program on the HRQoL in this population. Materials and Methods: With regard to recruitment, after baseline evaluations, participants were assigned to either the intervention group (IG, n = 38) or the control group (CG, n = 35). Functional capacity, mood, quality of life and depression were measured pre- and post-intervention. The IG underwent the “Physical Activity and Sport for Acquired Brain Injury” (PASABI) program, which was designed to improve HRQoL (1-h sessions, two to four sessions/week for 18 weeks). The CG underwent a standard rehabilitation program without PA. Results: Results for the IG indicated significant differences and large effect sizes for the physical and mental dimensions of quality of life, as well as mood and functional capacity, indicating an increase in HRQoL. No significant differences were found for the CG across any variables. Conclusions: The PASABI program was feasible and beneficial for improving physiological and functionality variables in the IG. The wide range of the activities of the PASABI program allow its application to a large number of people with ABI, promoting health through PA, especially in the chronic phasepost-print465 K

Effects of a therapeutic exercise program for injuries prevention in wheelchair basketball (WB) players = Efectividad de un programa de ejercicios terapéutico para la prevención de lesiones de jugadores de baloncesto en silla de ruedas (BSR)

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el efecto de un programa de ejercicios terapéuticos para la prevención de lesiones en jugadores de baloncesto en silla de ruedas (BSR). En este sentido, en el marco de cinco estudios se determinaron diferentes aspectos de la condición de salud del hombro. El primer estudio sobre la evaluación de dolor de hombro (DH) en jugadores de élite de BSR se centra en evaluar el DH mediante cuestionario, pruebas clínicas y rango de movimiento (ROM) en diecisiete jugadores de BSR, con edades comprendidas entre 16 y 43 años; la evaluación fue realizada durante una concentración de cara a una competición internacional. En los hallazgos se encontró alta incidencia de DH en la muestra estudiada, a su vez se identificó hubo una clara relación entre DH y el ROM. El segundo estudio analiza la validez y fiabilidad del cuestionario de dolor en el hombro en jugadores de BSR (CDH-BSR), este es una adaptación del Wheelchair User Shoulder Pain Index (WUSPI) para diseñar un instrumento que permita identificar el DH en esta población. La muestra está formada por jugadores de BSR (N=17) pertenecientes a la pre-selection nacional española con edades entre 16 y 43 años, fue estudiada. Siendo CDH-BSR, un instrumento válido para evaluar el dolor en las actividades de la vida diaria (AVD) y gestos deportivos (GD). Continuando con lo anteriormente planteado, el tercer estudio analiza cómo el DH puede afectar a los gestos deportivos propios del BSR. En este estudio, 51 jugadores de BSR con edades entre 15 y 45 años de los cuales 21 mujeres (23.86±1) y 30 son hombres (23.90±1) fueron evaluados con el cuestionario CDH-BSR. Esta investigación muestra que el DH puede afectar a gestos deportivos como hacer canastas, realizar rebotes, pases largos y otras situaciones propias del juego, a la luz de los resultados se presenta más frecuente más DH en mujeres que en hombres al realizar canastas siendo este un motivo para desarrollar protocolos para promover la salud del hombro. En línea con el objetivo central del programa, el tercer estudio analizó la opinión de expertos acerca de un programa de ejercicios en el hogar para la prevención del DH en jugadores de BSR; se diseñó un cuestionario ad hoc que fue administrado a nueve expertos (un médico rehabilitador, un médico del deporte, cuatro fisioterapeutas y tres entrenadores) quienes cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados obtenidos de la evaluación del programa concluyen que es una herramienta adecuada y válida para prevenir el DH en jugadores de BSR. Por último, el cuarto estudio estuvo enfocado en determinar la efectividad de un programa de ejercicios del hombro en el hogar a los fines de prevenir lesiones de hombro en jugadores BSR. Para desarrollar un ensayo clínico no aleatorizado, 36 jugadores y jugadoras de BSR pertenecientes a la preselección nacional española de BSR fueron asignados a un grupo de intervención o un grupo control. Este protocolo podría ser una herramienta útil para prevenir lesiones y mantener la condición óptima del hombro en jugadores de élite. Después de la intervención, el DH se redujo en esta muestra; sin embargo no hubo diferencias significativas para el DH y el ROM. La funcionalidad y salud de hombro se mantuvo a lo largo de un exigente proceso de entrenamiento y preparación para una competición internacional como son los Juegos Paralímpicos Rio de Janeiro –Brasil- 2016 Juegos Paralímpicos para la selección masculina, quienes obtuvieron la medalla de Plata; y Atri –Italia- Campeonato de Europa B para la selección femenina, quienes obtuvieron medalla de Oro. Con la aplicación de SHEP y el rendimiento deportivo general alcanzado, parece claro que los programas para prevenir el DH deberían de incorporarse en el marco del entrenamiento deportivo en los jugadores de BSR. ----------ABSTRACT---------- The present doctoral dissertation aims to analyse the effects of an exercise program for injuries prevention in wheelchair basketball (WB) players, as part of a preventive project for shoulder health in these players. In this regard, five studies aimed to determine several aspects of shoulder health condition. The first study was a shoulder pain (SP) assessment in a sample of elite WB players, evaluating SP, clinical test and range of motion (ROM) in seventeen male WB players, between 16 and 43 years of age; this sample were evaluated during their preparation for a major competition. In this line, SP presented high incidence in the sample studied, and there was a clear inverse relationship between SP and ROM. The second study analysed the validity and reliability of the “Shoulder Pain Index (SPI-WB) in WB players”, adapted from Wheelchair User Shoulder Pain Index (WUSPI) in order to develop an instrument to characterize SP in this specific population. A convenience sample of WB players (N=17) belonging to the Spanish preselection male national team, with an age range between 16 to 43 years, was studied. This index showed a reliable and valid instrument to assess pain according to activities of daily living (ADLs) and sport skills (SS) in this population, so it can be a use as a complementary tool for athletes´ clinical screening. The third study developed was about how SP influence wheelchair basketball sport skills (such as shooting, rebounding, one long hand passes and other situations) in preparation process for an international competition. Fifty-one WB players aged from 15 to 45 years (21 females, 23, 86±1, 38 years and 30 males, 23, 90±1, 46 years) were evaluated with SPI-WB questionnaire. This study showed that SP could affect WB situations being this more frequent in females than males during shoots, a reason to develop protocols to promote shoulder health. In line with the central objective of the project, the fourth study assessed the expert’s opinion of a home-based exercise program for SP prevention (SHEP) in WB players; to address this information an ad hoc questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of nine experts (one rehabilitation physician, one sport physician, four physiotherapists and three coaches) that fulfilled the defined inclusion criteria. This program was perceived as an adequate and validate tool to prevent SP in WB player’s population. The fourth study was focus in the application of the SHEP in a sample of WB players along their preselection and preparation to major competition. Thirty- six male and female WB players from the Spanish pre-selection national teams were assigned to either an exercise or a control group to develop the non-randomized clinical trial. The program appeared to be useful to prevent injury and maintain the condition of the shoulder. After SHEP development, SP was reduced, but not significantly in the sample after intervention, neither for ROM there were not significant changes. The functionality and health of the shoulder were preserved along the exigent training and preparation for an international competition such as Rio de Janeiro –Brazil- 2016 Paralympic Games for males, obtaining the silver medal; and Atri –Italy- European Championships B for females, obtaining the gold medal. SHEP application and the general sport performance achieved, it seems clear that preventive programs for shoulder griddle should be always incorporate along sport training in WB players

Wheelchair basketball : influence of shoulder pain in sport skills

Shoulder injuries are a common problem among wheelchair basketball players (WB). The purpose of this study was to detect the influence of shoulder pain (SP) in WB sport skills. Fifty-one WB players aged from 15 to 42 (21 females, 23, 86±1, 38 years and 30 males, 23, 90±1, 46 years) were evaluated. Shoulder Pain Index for Wheelchair Basketball (SPI-WB) was used to determine SP in relation to specific WB skills. Gender and age were compared using T-test and One Factor ANOVA, respectively. The level of significance was set at p≤0, 05. 27, 5% of the sample reported actual SP. Statistical analysis revealed a main effect for gender regarding SP during shooting skills, especially for females. There were no significant differences according to rebounding/one-handed long passes and other sport situations. In conclusion, SP could affect the specific activities of WB according to gender, especially during shooting in females, so ways to promote shoulder health must be develop.Las lesiones del hombro son un problema común entre los jugadores de baloncesto en silla de ruedas (BSR). El objetivo de este estudio fue detectar la influencia del dolor de hombro (DH) en las habilidades deportivas propias del BSR. 51 jugadores de BSR entre 15 y 42 (21 mujeres, 23, 86 ± 1, 38 años y 30 hombres, 23, 90 ± 1, 46 años) fueron evaluados. El Cuestionario del Dolor de Hombro en BSR se utilizó para determinar el DH en relación a las habilidades específicas del BSR. El género y la edad se compararon mediante la prueba t y ANOVA de un factor, respectivamente. El nivel de significación se estableció en p≤0, 05. 27, 5% de la muestra informó SP en el momento del estudio. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas de acuerdo al género en relación con DH en habilidades como el tiro, especialmente para las mujeres. No hubo diferencias significativas en función de realizar acciones de rebote y pases largos/una sola mano y otras situaciones propias del BSR. En conclusión, SP podría afectar a las actividades específicas del BSR en función del género, especialmente en las mujeres, por lo que se debe promover la salud del hombro

Shoulder pain assessment in elite wheelchair basketball players = Evaluación del dolor del hombro en jugadores de baloncesto en silla de ruedas de élite = Avaliação da dor no ombro em jogadores de elite de basquete em cadeira de rodas

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate shoulder pain in a sample of elite wheelchair basketball players during their preparation for a major competition. Method: Seventeen male wheelchair basketball players, between 16 and 43 years of age, were studied during their athletic preparation for a wheelchair basketball championship. The shoulder pain questionnaire, impingement tests and shoulder range of motion were evaluated during a training camp. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between shoulder pain and range of motion indicating the value of the effectsize. Results: Shoulder pain was evident in 52.9% of the sample and was significant and negatively correlated with range of motion, while 35.3% related to impingement tests player’s reported pain. The correlation was moderate to high. Conclusions: In conclusion, the use of shoulder pain questionnaire, goniometric measurements and clinical test could be a useful approach for monitoring the shoulder injuries of wheelchair basketball players to explore the possible consequences of performing repetitive movements. ----------RESUMEN---------- Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el dolor de hombro en jugadores de baloncesto en silla de ruedas de élite durante su preparación para una competencia de alto nivel. Método: Diecisiete jugadores masculinos de baloncesto en silla de ruedas, entre 16 y 43 años, fueron evaluados con el cuestionario para el dolor de hombro en jugadores de baloncesto en silla de ruedas, las pruebas clínicas y el rango de movimiento del hombro durante la preparación para un campeonato. El coeficiente de correlación de Spearman se utilizó para analizar la correlación entre el dolor de hombro y el rango de movimiento, indicando el valor del tamaño del efecto. Resultados: El dolor de hombro fue evidente en el 52.9% de la muestra, siendo significativo. En tanto que, hubo una correlación negativa entre el dolor de hombro y el rango de movimiento, mientras que el 35.3% reportó dolor de acuerdo con las pruebas clínicas. La correlación fue de moderada a alta. Conclusiones: La utilización del cuestionario, las mediciones goniométricas y las pruebas clínicas podrían ser herramientas adecuadas para monitorear la condición del hombro en los jugadores de baloncesto en silla de ruedas, y así explorar las posibles consecuencias de los movimientos repetitivos. ----------RESUMO---------- Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a dor no ombro em uma amostra de jogadores de elite de basquete em cadeira de rodas durante sua preparação para uma competição de alto nível. Método: Dezessete jogadores de basquete em cadeira de rodas do sexo masculino, entre 16 e 43 anos de idade, foram avaliados com o questionário de dorno ombro, testes clínicos de impacto e amplitude articular durante o treinamento para um campeonato. O coeficiente de correlação de Spearman foi utilizado para analisar a relação entre dor no ombro e amplitude de movimento que indica o valor do tamanho do efeito. Resultados: A dor no ombro foi evidente em 52,9% da amostra e foi significativa e negativamente correlacionada com a amplitude de movimento, enquanto 35,3% teve uma correlação de moderada a alta em relação à dor durante os testes de impacto. Conclusões: Em conclusão, o uso de questionário de dor no ombro, medições goniométricas e teste clínico poderia ser uma abordagem útil para monitorar as lesões no ombro de jogadores de basquete em cadeira de rodas para explorar as possíveis consequências da realização de movimentos repetitivos

Expert’s opinion of a home-based exercise program for shoulder pain prevention: application in wheelchair basketball players

The aim of the study was to assess the structure and content validity of a home-based exercise program, as an instrument to prevent of shoulder pain (SP) in wheelchair basketball players. The proposed program was designed considering previous studies but to be applied in this specific population and; it was composed by exercises based on active mobility (4 exercises), strengthening (5 exercises) and stretching (5 exercises) of the shoulder joint. An ad hoc questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of 9 experts (1 rehabilitation physician,1 sport physician, 4 physiotherapists and 3 coaches) that fulfilled the defined inclusion criteria. The results showed that experts considered the shoulder home-based exercise program (SHEP) as adequate tool for SP prevention in WB; however, some experts suggested some changes to improve it. According to the qualitative analysis performed, findings revealed two main underlying factors such as “design” (content and structure) and “application” that could influence in the adequate use of the home-based exercise program. This study provided evidence that the presentedhome-based exercise program is a validate tool and could be a powerful tool to prevent shoulder pain in WB player’s population.