Actitudes y comportamiento social

Treball Final de Grau en Criminologia i Seguretat. Codi: CS1044. Curs 2013-2014La influencia en el conocimiento de las actitudes sobre el comportamiento es ampliamente conocida. Antiguamente, los psicólogos sociales afirmaban que se podría vaticinar un futuro comportamiento si existía un conocimiento amplio de las actitudes del individuo, pero esta tesis ha quedado desvirtuada al no tratarse de un aspecto invariable, es decir, las personas ante actitudes similares pueden actuar de diversos modos. Actualmente, el comportamiento esta más relacionado con las influencias sociales externas y por ciertos aspectos que predisponen a una persona a actuar de una manera específica. Esas actitudes, debido a la influencia sufrida por estos factores, a menudo provocan que personas adecuadas socialmente se alejen de la norma social establecida actuando de forma ilícita y trayendo consecuencias desastrosas tanto para el propio individuo, como para la sociedad y terceras personas relacionadas con él, como es el propio vinculo familiar o escolar. Con el presente trabajo trataré de revisar todos los aspectos y factores que provocan que una persona modifique su propia conducta lícita a favor de la manifestación de comportamientos antisociales, así como los medios más acordes para prevenir las mismas e intentar erradicarlas.The influence in the knowing of the attitudes over the behavior is widely known. Formerly, social psychologists stated that it was possible to forecast a future behavior if there was a wide knowledge of the attitudes of an individual, however, this thesis has been refused since it is not an invariable aspect, this is, people with similar attitudes may act in different ways. Nowadays, behavior is related with extern social influences and some aspects that predispose a person to act in a certain way. Those attitudes, due to the influence suffered by these factors, frequently cause that people socially right walk away from the established social regulation illegally acting and bringing devastating consequences to himself as well as to the society and people related to him, as his own relatives or his scholar environment. With this essay I am reviewing all the aspects and factors that might make change the lawful behavior of a person in favor of antisocial behaviors, as well as the most proper means to prevent such aspects and trying to eradicate them

Estudio de implantación de la metodología lean manufacturing en alter farmacia (nutribén)

Con el desarrollo de este TFM se pretende realizar un estudio técnico para solucionar la necesidad de incrementar la capacidad de producción debido al aumento en los pedidos motivados por la existencia de un nuevo cliente. También surge ante la necesidad de reducir la materia orgánica de los vertidos debido a que tras la construcción de la nueva fábrica de leches infantiles, la capacidad de tratamiento de la depuradora está limitada. Los problemas se solucionan a través de la implantación de Lean Manufacturing. El proceso de implantación ha tenido una duración de 2 años ya que este proceso es muy largo y el personal carece de formación en mejora continua. Tras finalizar la implantación de Lean Manufacturing, se consigue dar solución a todos los problemas planteados por la empresa.Máster en Ingeniería Agronómic

Gender diversity on boards of directors and remuneration committees: The influence on listed companies in Spain

Women have traditionally been underrepresented on boards of companies, but after some social and legal pressure their presence has been increased during recent years. This paper examines the relation of the presence of female directors both at board meetings and at audit and remuneration committees, with CEO pay and the shareholders' consultative vote on managerial remuneration plans (“say on pay”). Using a large sample of Spanish firms listed between 2011 and 2015, our study reveals that firms with female representation on their remuneration committee, display lower levels of CEO pay and CEO pay growth. We also obtain evidence that this effect is attributable to the proprietary female directors. Additionally, from the “say on pay” perspective, female membership of the remuneration committee is associated with a lower number of votes in terms of director remuneration reports and related policies. Overall, our results indicate that female directors on the remuneration committee contribute to a moderation of executive remuneration growth and are consequently perceived by shareholders as valuable resources in the design of executive remuneration plans. This confirms the influence of the minority group, females, in the sustainable progress of these companies. Our results support the presence of female directors not only as a social measure or tokenism, but also as a contribution to good governance practice

Estudio anatómico topografíco y fascicular del nervio radial en el humano

Tesis doctotal inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Cirugía. Fecha de lectura: 8 de Mayo de 200

Nanostructuration by self-assembly in N-alkyl thiazolium and triazolium side-chain polymethacrylates

Amphiphilic polymers are tunable systems to construct supramolecular hierarchically self-assembled structures. Six families of heterocyclic polymethacrylates (PMTAs) bearing 1,3-thiazole and 1,2,3-triazole pendant groups with alkyl and succinate spacers were chemically modified by quaternization reaction of the azole heterocycles with five alkylating agents (methyl, butyl, octyl, dodecyl, and hexadecyl iodide) leading to a library of 30 different amphiphilic poly(ionic liquid)s (PMTAs-RI). These polymers have been characterized in bulk by small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS, WAXS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Quaternization induces a dramatic effect (increase) on the glass-transition temperature Tg, being strongest for methyl iodide members. Increasing the length of the quaternizing agent, plasticization is first observed, followed by a further increase of Tg. This effect, together with evidence of a second Tg and crystallization for the members with the longest quaternizing agents, could be attributed to the presence of well-developed alkyl nanodomains evidenced by the structural investigation. WAXS and SAXS results have been consistently interpreted by assuming nanostructuration driven by the amphiphilicity balance of poly(ionic liquid)s. The different morphologies revealed by SAXS have been characterized, assigning a plausible chemical nature to the phases involved in each case. The nonpolar fraction has been considered as the control parameter defining the main features of the achieved morphology. By increasing this parameter, structures ranging from hexagonally packed nonpolar cylinders in a polar matrix to the inverse situation have been found, passing through lamellar phases. Under some conditions, within the polar lamellae a third phase formed by cylinders of heterocycles has even been determined. We have checked the validity of the scenario proposed by comparing the sizes deduced from the SAXS analysis with the expected characteristic lengths of the associated moieties, inferring thereby how alkyl side groups arrange within the nanodomains. On the basis of the complete picture achieved, the type of nanostructures formed by this class of polymers can be predicted, if the chemical composition including the quaternization degree is known.This work has been supported by MAT2013-47902 and MAT2011-24797 (Spanish-MINECO and EU). R.T. acknowledges CSIC for his JAE-Pre grant. A.A. acknowledges financial support from the Projects MAT2012-31088 (Spanish-MINECO and EU) and IT-654-13 (Basque Government).Peer Reviewe

Genomic analyses of microdissected Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells: mutations in epigenetic regulators and p53 are frequent in refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma

This work was supported by grants from the Plan Nacional de I + D + I cofinanced by the ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), PI12/1832, the Spanish Association for Cancer Research (AECC), and Programas para Grupos de Investigación de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (Biomedicina 2017)

Macroecology and ecoinformatics: evaluating the accuracy of the ecological niche models calibrated with species occurrence data with biases and/or errors

Hoy en día es común estudiar los patrones globales de biodiversidad a partir de las predicciones generadas por diferentes modelos de nicho ecológico. Habitualmente, estos modelos se calibran con datos procedentes de bases de datos de libre acceso (e.g. GBIF). Sin embargo, a pesar de la facilidad de descarga y de la accesibilidad de los datos, la información almacenada sobre las localidades donde están presentes las especies suele tener sesgos y errores. Estos problemas en los datos de calibración pueden modificar drásticamente las predicciones de los modelos y con ello pueden enmascarar los patrones macroecológicos reales. El objetivo de este trabajo es investigar qué métodos producen resultados más precisos cuando los datos de calibración incluyen sesgos y cuáles producen mejores resultados cuando los datos de calibración tienen, además de sesgos, errores. Para ello creado una especie virtual, hemos proyectado su distribución en la península ibérica, hemos muestreado su distribución de manera sesgada y hemos calibrado dos tipos de modelos de distribución (Bioclim y Maxent) con muestras de distintos tamaños. Nuestros resultados indican que cuando los datos sólo están sesgados, los resultados de Bioclim son mejores que los de Maxent. Sin embargo, Bioclim es extremadamente sensible a la presencia de errores en los datos de calibración. En estas situaciones, el comportamiento de Maxent es mucho más robusto y las predicciones que proporciona son más ajustadas.In spite of the biases and errors of the open access biodiversity databases we need to take advantage of the occurrences stored in those databases for analyzing the global patterns of biodiversity. Here, we aimed to test which modelling method produces better predictions when calibrated with data samples that have biases and errors. We tested two different methods, a complex one, Maxent, and a simple one, Bioclim. We created a virtual species, sampled its distribution with both, bias and errors, and calibrated the models with those samples. Results indicated that Bioclim produces better predictions than Maxent when calibrated with biased data sets. Bioclim did not overestimate the species’ range and it was able to produce accurate predictions even when calibrated with small and biased data samples (25-50 points). However, when wrong occurrences were included in the calibration samples, Bioclim over-predicted the species’ range. Our experiments indicated that in that case, Maxent predictions remained robust and provided accurate maps. Thus, if the calibration data samples have just biases, Bioclim provided better maps than Maxent. However, when samples have both, biases and wrong occurrences, Maxent model provided better results than Bioclim.Este trabajo se enmarca dentro de los proyectos: “Support of establishment, development and mobility of quality research teams at the Charles University” CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0022, financiado por la European Science Foundation y la República Checa (S.Varela); y “Potential effects of climate change on Natura 2000 conservation targets in Castilla-La Mancha (CLICHE)” (Ref. no.: POIC10-0311-0585), financiado por el gobierno de Castilla La-Mancha, España (S. Varela, R. G. Mateos, R. García-Valdés, and F. Fernández-González)