Elaboración de un análogo a chanquete

Referencia OEPM: P200202221.-- Fecha de solicitud: 01/10/2002.-- Titular: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).Se trata de elaborar un producto semejante al chanquete, en sus propiedades sensoriales de textura, forma, color y sabor. Su elaboración se realizará a partir de diversas fuentes de origen pesquero, es decir músculo de pescado, u otras especies acuículas, sometido o no a procesos de picado y/o lavado. La fabricación puede realizarse por varias vías que comprenden picado y/o homogeneización y reestructuración mediante extrusión o moldeo. A esta masa se le adicionarán diversos componentes dependiendo de su función: estabilizante, ligante, texturizante, etc. y son sales, hidrocoloides, proteínas, aminoácidos y azucares. El que intervengan todos o solo algunos de estos ingredientes varía en función de las condiciones y características del producto de partida, así como del tratamiento físico al que se vea sometido. Además el producto se contemplará preparado de varias maneras: fresco, congelado, pasteurizado esterilizado, pudiendo estar además envuelto en una cobertura y prefrito.Peer reviewe

The news gap in the «triple digital agenda»: The different interests of media, audience and networks

Digital transformations entail continually reviewing the various Communication models and processes. The influence of the media themselves as agenda setters for an ever more active audience and social networks that select and make certain content they receive viral are also affected by such a convergent context. This current research analyses a model called here the ‘triple agenda’ within the media themselves, in which the journalistic criterion of relevance and their audience’s preferences in the web and the networks travel along different paths. The proposal includes the users and the viral effect as influencing agents in the shape and selection of news, generating a news gap of interests between the media and their audiences. In order to test this model, we study an exploratory case in ElPaís.es, applying a content analysis to the information (n=420) distributed among the online front page, what is most read by the audience in its webpage, and the most viral in its Twitter account. The main objective is to check whether or not these three spheres of relevance operate independently, showing different informative interests f rom the thematic selection that the medium establishes f rom its agenda, its audience and its social networks. The results confirm that there is a gap in the informative interests of the three spheres analysed, especially between the agenda marked by the medium and the interests that are reflected in their web audience, which is more attracted to soft news and the clickbait technique; while there is a greater coincidence of interests between the newspaper’s front page and the users’ selection in their social networks.Las transformaciones digitales conllevan una revisión permanente de los modelos y procesos de la Comunicación. En este contexto convergente también se ve afectada la propia influencia de los medios como fijadores de la agenda frente a una audiencia cada vez más activa y unas redes sociales que seleccionan y viralizan el contenido que les llega. La presente investigación analiza un modelo denominado aquí de ‘triple agenda’ dentro de los propios medios, en los que discurren de manera diferente el criterio periodístico de relevancia y las preferencias de su audiencia en la web y las redes. La propuesta incluye a los usuarios y el efecto de la viralidad como actores influyentes en la conformación y selección noticiosa, generando una brecha, o news gap, de intereses informativos entre el medio y su audiencia. Para poner a prueba este modelo, se recurre a un estudio de caso exploratorio en ElPaís.es, aplicando un análisis de contenido de sus informaciones (n=420), distribuidas entre la portada online, lo más leído por la audiencia en su web y lo más viralizado en su Twitter. El objetivo principal es comprobar si estas tres esferas de relevancia temática operan, o no, de forma independiente, mostrando intereses informativos dispares entre la selección temática que establece el medio desde su agenda, de su audiencia y de las redes. Los resultados confirman una brecha en el interés informativo de las tres esferas analizadas, especialmente entre la agenda que marca el medio y los intereses que reflejan su audiencia web, más atraída por las soft news y las técnicas del clickbait, mientras que existe una mayor coincidencia de intereses entre la portada periodística y la selección de los usuarios en sus redes sociales

Optimización de redes de distribución de agua utilizando un algoritmo genético

Un algoritmo genético (AG), es un procedimiento de búsqueda del óptimo de una función basado en la mecánica natural darwiniana de supervivencia de los individuos mejor adaptados. En el presente trabajo se ha desarrollado un algoritmo genético que permite determinar la red de distribución de agua de coste mínimo para una topología y una condición de carga dadas. El procedimiento consiste en asimilar las redes a cadenas binarias (conjuntos de unos y ceros). Partiendo de una población de redes generada aleatoriamente, se realizan los procesos naturales de selección, cruce y mutación, obteniéndose una nueva población. Así, generación tras generación, se llega al individuo mejor adaptado, es decir la red de distribución de mínimo coste. El algoritmo, implementado en FORTRAN-77 y ejecutable en PC, se ha aplicado a un ejemplo extraído de la bibliografía, obteniéndose resultados satisfactorio

Mejoras introducidas en la patente de invención 8901508 por: "Procedimiento de fabricación de un producto análogo a la angula y producto así obtenido"

Adición a la patente de invención "Procedimiento de fabricación de un producto análogo a la angula y producto así obtenido", http://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/6552.Referencia OEPM: P9201027.-- Fecha de solicitud: 20/05/1992.-- Titular: Angulas Aguinaga, S.A.Peer reviewe

Garlic derivatives (PTS and PTS-O) differently affect the ecology of swine faecal microbiota in vitro

A number of in vitro experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of two different industrial products, namely PROALLIUM-S-DMC and PROALLIUM-SO-DMC (DMC Research Center, Granada, Spain), obtained from garlic (Allium sativum) on the faecal microbiota of pigs. The effects of three different concentrations (50, 200 and 400 ppm) of the active compounds (PTS and PTS-O, respectively) from both industrial products on the gastrointestinal microbiota of pigs were tested. Growth medium without any additive (0 ppm) was used as control. Predominant bacterial groups (total aerobes, total anaerobes,lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, coliforms, enterobacteria, bacteroides and clostridia) were studied. Results showed that both PTS and PTS-O have significant (P < 0.01) antimicrobial activity against every group studied, although enterobacteria and coliforms were the most affected populations (P < 0.01). Time kill curves for Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, two common pathogens of pigs, showed that both compounds had a bactericidal effect against these strains. For the bacterial groups here studied, the antimicrobial effect of PTS-O was significantly (P < 0.001) stronger than that of PTS. Trials in vivo are in course to study the potential use of these products as alternatives to antibiotics in pig feeds.Peer reviewe

Cannabidiol treatment might promote resilience to cocaine and methamphetamine use disorders: A review of possible mechanisms

Currently, there are no approved pharmacotherapies for addiction to cocaine and other psychostimulant drugs. Several studies have proposed that cannabidiol (CBD) could be a promising treatment for substance use disorders. In the present work, the authors describe the scarce preclinical and human research about the actions of CBD on the effects of stimulant drugs, mainly cocaine and methamphetamine (METH). Additionally, the possible mechanisms underlying the therapeutic potential of CBD on stimulant use disorders are reviewed. CBD has reversed toxicity and seizures induced by cocaine, behavioural sensitization induced by amphetamines, motivation to self-administer cocaine and METH, context- and stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine and priming-induced reinstatement of METH seeking behaviours. CBD also potentiated the extinction of cocaine- and amphetamine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP), impaired the reconsolidation of cocaine CPP and prevented priming-induced reinstatement of METH CPP. Observational studies suggest that CBD may reduce problems related with crack-cocaine addiction, such as withdrawal symptoms, craving, impulsivity and paranoia (Fischer et al., 2015). The potential mechanisms involved in the protective effects of CBD on addiction to psychostimulant drugs include the prevention of drug-induced neuroadaptations (neurotransmitter and intracellular signalling pathways changes), the erasure of aberrant drug-memories, the reversion of cognitive deficits induced by psychostimulant drugs and the alleviation of mental disorders comorbid with psychostimulant abuse. Further, preclinical studies and future clinical trials are necessary to fully evaluate the potential of CBD as an intervention for cocaine and methamphetamine addictive disorders

Third canal in the mesial root of permanent mandibular first molars : review of the literature and presentation of 3 clinical reports and 2 in vitro studies

Introduction. Systematic anatomical studies corroborate the anatomical complexity of the root canal system. Deviations from the norm such as multiple orifices, apical deltas, accessory canals and other variations are frequent. Objectives. To present clinical reports of mandibular molars with three canals in the mesial root and two in vitro studies of the morphology of these canals, together with a review of the literature. Materials and Methods. Three clinical reports are presented of mandibular molars where three canals in the mesial roots were treated endodontically. Two in vitro studies were performed, one using computerized tomography and the other with scanning electron microscopy, to describe the morphology of the mesial root canals of permanent first molars. The scientific literature on this anatomical situation was also reviewed. Results. The tomographic study found that the prevalence of a third mesial canal in the 27 teeth analysed was 14.81%; the microscopic study of 25 teeth found it to be 12%. The review of the literature encountered that the authors who report cases such as these found prevalences ranging from 1% to 15%. Conclusions. From the teeth analysed in vitro, it is concluded that a third mesial canal may be present in a mandibular first molar in approximately 13% of cases. Clinically, the third canal is difficult to find and exhibits a very variable morphology, which may present anastomosis with the other canals

In vivo and in vitro maturation of rabbit oocyte affects gene expression, mitochondrial distribution and apoptosis

In vivo-matured cumulus–oocyte complexes are valuable models in which to assess potential biomarkers of rabbit oocyte quality that contribute to enhanced IVM systems. In the present study we compared some gene markers of oocytes and cumulus cells (CCs) from immature, in vivo-matured and IVM oocytes. Moreover, apoptosis in CCs, nuclear maturation, mitochondrial reallocation and the developmental potential of oocytes after IVF were assessed. In relation to cumulus expansion, gene expression of gap junction protein, alpha 1, 43 kDa (Gja1) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2) was significantly lower in CCs after in vivo maturation than IVM. In addition, there were differences in gene expression after in vivo maturation versus IVM in both oocytes and CCs for genes related to cell cycle regulation and apoptosis (V-Akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homologue 1 (Akt1), tumour protein 53 (Tp53), caspase 3, apoptosis-related cysteine protease (Casp3)), oxidative response (superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial (Sod2)) and metabolism (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6pd), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh)). In vivo-matured CCs had a lower apoptosis rate than IVM and immature CCs. Meiotic progression, mitochondrial migration to the periphery and developmental competence were higher for in vivo-matured than IVM oocytes. In conclusion, differences in oocyte developmental capacity after IVM or in vivo maturation are accompanied by significant changes in transcript abundance in oocytes and their surrounding CCs, meiotic rate, mitochondrial distribution and apoptotic index. Some of the genes investigated, such as Gja1, could be potential biomarkers for oocyte developmental competence in the rabbit model, helping improve in vitro culture systems in these species

Retention of three fissure sealants and a dentin bonding system used as fissure sealant in caries prevention: 12-month follow-up results

Background. Bonding agents could be used as fissure sealants. This study compares the retention three fissure sealants (Delton®, Delton Plus® and Concise®) and a filled dentin bonding system (Optibond Solo®). Methods. Fifty-six children aged 7-8 years received fissure sealants either in the four permanent first molars, in the four deciduous second molars, or in all eight of these teeth. Every child received a different sealing material in each quadrant on a random basis. Clinical evaluation at 12 months was performed by a single blind examiner, and the retention was classified as either a success (total retention) or a failure (partial retention or not present). Results: There were no statistically significant differences among the four materials in permanent maxillary molars or deciduous molars. In permanent mandibular molars, Optibond Solo® showed a lower percentage of retention (40.9%), significantly different (p=0.002) to that of Delton® (89.5%), Delton Plus® (87.5%) and Concise® (76.5%). Conclusion: One bottle dentin bonding system used as a sealant does not improve the retention of conventional fissure sealants. Clinical Implication: Because of the scarcity of studies on the use of dental adhesives as sealants, further studies are warranted for the final support of that conclusion

Hypericum perforatum L. prevents the acquisition of and promotes resilience against stress-induced reinstatement of the conditioned place preference induced by cocaine.

Abstract Cocaine use disorder is a serious problem worldwide, and there are no approved medications for its treatment. A novel approach to the treatment of drug addiction is the use of natural products, and, in this context, preclinical evidence suggests that Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericum) is effective against alcohol and other substance use disorders. We hypothesised that Hypericum could also be useful as a treatment for cocaine use disorder, and so we set out to test its effectiveness in a mice model of cocaine addiction. In the first experiment we evaluated its effects on the acquisition of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). Adult male mice were conditioned with cocaine (25 mg/kg), cocaine with Hypericum (75, 150 or 300 mg/kg) or the plant extract alone (300 mg/kg). In the second experiment, we tested the effects of Hypericum on stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine CPP. All the mice were conditioned with cocaine (25 mg/kg) and, after extinction of CPP, the reinstating effects of social defeat (alone or with 75, 150 or 300 mg/kg of Hypericum) were evaluated. All the doses of Hypericum prevented the acquisition of cocaine-induced CPP. Furthermore, the plant extract dose-dependently reduced the reinstating effects of social defeat. Therefore, Hypericum is effective in reducing the rewarding effects of cocaine and prevents the stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine CPP in mice. The mechanisms underlying these positive effects of Hypericum perforatum L. need to be determined by future research. Our results endorse Hypericum as a natural treatment for cocaine dependence