Clima social familiar y consumo de alcohol en estudiantes de 5to año de secundaria de la I.E. General Córdova, Ayacucho 2020

En el presente trabajo el objetivo fundamental fue; determinar la relación que existe entre clima social familiar y consumo de alcohol en estudiantes de 5to año de secundaria de la I.E. General Córdova, Ayacucho 2020. La investigación fue de tipo básica de enfoque cuantitativo, con un método hipotético – deductivo, de nivel correlacional de diseño no experimental y de corte trasversal. Se pudo concluir que existe una correlación negativa media de -0.043 y un valor de Sig. (bilateral) de 0.726 lo que significa que se debe rechazar la hipótesis del investigador y aceptar la hipótesis nula que no existe relación significativa entre la variable clima social familiar y el consumo

Effects of international mergers and acquisitions network on investment: A study for Latin America

Este artículo estudia los determinantes de la Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED) en América Latina desde una perspectiva novedosa. Demuestra que los denominados efectos de transvase y de confianza, definidos a partir de la posición que cada país ocupa en la red mundial de fusiones y adquisiciones, influyen positivamente en la recepción de inversión extranjera. Se emplea el análisis de redes sociales para cuantificar los efectos de trasvase y confianza, y se aplican modelos con datos de panel para estimar la relevancia de las diversas variables en la recepción de los flujos financieros. Los resultados confirman que los efectos de confianza y transvase influyen positivamente sobre la llegada de IED. Los modelos permiten identificar también grupos de países con diferencias en esta relaciónThis article studies the determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Latin America from a novel perspective. It shows that the so-called transfer and trust effects, defined by each country’s position in the international mergers and acquisitions network, have a positive influence on foreign investment inflows. Social network analysis is used to quantify both transfer and trust effects, and models with panel data are applied to estimate the influence of such variables on the receipt of financial flows. The results confirm that both trust and transfer effects have positive influences on FDI inflows. The models also identify groups of countries with clear differences in this relationshipPablo Galaso agradece el apoyo financiero de la Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica a través del Programa de Movilidad e Intercambio Académicos, 2017. Este artículo da continuidad a las investigaciones realizadas en el marco del proyecto “La inversión española en América Latina: retos y oportunidades en el contexto de auge latinoamericano y crisis europea” dirigido por Ángeles Sánchez Díez y financiado por el Centro de Estudios de América Latina (CEAL) de la Universidad Autónoma de Madri

The checkpoint-dependent nuclear accumulation of Rho1p exchange factor Rgf1p is important for tolerance to chronic replication stress

This article is available to the public under an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons License.Guanine nucleotide exchange factors control many aspects of cell morphogenesis by turning on Rho-GTPases. The fission yeast exchange factor Rgf1p (Rho gef1) specifically regulates Rho1p during polarized growth and localizes to cortical sites. Here we report that Rgf1p is relocalized to the cell nucleus during the stalled replication caused by hydroxyurea (HU). Import to the nucleus is mediated by a nuclear localization sequence at the N-terminus of Rgf1p, whereas release into the cytoplasm requires two leucine-rich nuclear export sequences at the C-terminus. Moreover, Rgf1p nuclear accumulation during replication arrest depends on the 14-3-3 chaperone Rad24p and the DNA replication checkpoint kinase Cds1p. Both proteins control the nuclear accumulation of Rgf1p by inhibition of its nuclear export. A mutant, Rgf1p-9A, that substitutes nine serine potential phosphorylation Cds1p sites for alanine fails to accumulate in the nucleus in response to replication stress, and this correlates with a severe defect in survival in the presence of HU. In conclusion, we propose that the regulation of Rgf1p could be part of the mechanism by which Cds1p and Rad24p promote survival in the presence of chronic replication stress. It will be of general interest to understand whether the same is true for homologues of Rgf1p in budding yeast and higher eukaryotes. © 2014 Muñoz et al.P.G. was supported by a fellowship from the Junta de Castilla y León, and S.M. acknowledges support from a JAE-PreDoc fellowship granted by the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain. The text was revised by N. Skinner. This work was supported by grants BFU2008-00963/BMC and BFU2011-24683/BMC from the Comisión Interdepartamental de Ciencia y Tecnología, Spain, and GR231 from the Junta de Castilla y León, as well as by grant 10-0633 from the Swedish Cancer Fund to P.S. I.B.F.G. acknowledges the institutional support granted by the Ramón Areces Foundation during 2011–2012.Peer Reviewe

The checkpoint-dependent nuclear accumulation of Rho1p exchange factor Rgf1p is important for tolerance to chronic replication stress

This article is available to the public under an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons License.Guanine nucleotide exchange factors control many aspects of cell morphogenesis by turning on Rho-GTPases. The fission yeast exchange factor Rgf1p (Rho gef1) specifically regulates Rho1p during polarized growth and localizes to cortical sites. Here we report that Rgf1p is relocalized to the cell nucleus during the stalled replication caused by hydroxyurea (HU). Import to the nucleus is mediated by a nuclear localization sequence at the N-terminus of Rgf1p, whereas release into the cytoplasm requires two leucine-rich nuclear export sequences at the C-terminus. Moreover, Rgf1p nuclear accumulation during replication arrest depends on the 14-3-3 chaperone Rad24p and the DNA replication checkpoint kinase Cds1p. Both proteins control the nuclear accumulation of Rgf1p by inhibition of its nuclear export. A mutant, Rgf1p-9A, that substitutes nine serine potential phosphorylation Cds1p sites for alanine fails to accumulate in the nucleus in response to replication stress, and this correlates with a severe defect in survival in the presence of HU. In conclusion, we propose that the regulation of Rgf1p could be part of the mechanism by which Cds1p and Rad24p promote survival in the presence of chronic replication stress. It will be of general interest to understand whether the same is true for homologues of Rgf1p in budding yeast and higher eukaryotes. © 2014 Muñoz et al.P.G. was supported by a fellowship from the Junta de Castilla y León, and S.M. acknowledges support from a JAE-PreDoc fellowship granted by the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain. The text was revised by N. Skinner. This work was supported by grants BFU2008-00963/BMC and BFU2011-24683/BMC from the Comisión Interdepartamental de Ciencia y Tecnología, Spain, and GR231 from the Junta de Castilla y León, as well as by grant 10-0633 from the Swedish Cancer Fund to P.S. I.B.F.G. acknowledges the institutional support granted by the Ramón Areces Foundation during 2011–2012.Peer Reviewe

The fission yeast cell wall stress sensor-like proteins Mtl2 and Wsc1 act by turning on the GTPase Rho1p but act independently of the cell wall integrity pathway

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.Sensing stressful conditions that affect the cell wall reorganization is important for yeast survival. Here, we studied two proteins SpWsc1p and SpMtl2p with structural features indicative of plasma membrane-associated cell wall sensors. We found that Mtl2p and Wsc1p act by turning on the Rho1p GTPase. Each gene could be deleted individually without affecting viability, but the deletion of both was lethal and this phenotype was rescued by overexpression of the genes encoding either Rho1p or its GDP/GTP exchange factors (GEFs). In addition, wsc1Δ and mtl2Δ cells showed a low level of Rho1p-GTP under cell wall stress. Mtl2p-GFP (green fluorescent protein) localized to the cell periphery and was necessary for survival under different types of cell wall stress. Wsc1p-GFP was concentrated in patches at the cell tips, it interacted with the Rho-GEF Rgf2p, and its overexpression activated cell wall biosynthesis. Our results are consistent with the notion that cell wall assembly is regulated by two different networks involving Rho1p. One includes signaling from Mtl2p through Rho1p to Pck1p, while the second one implicates signaling from Wsc1p and Rgf2p through Rho1p to activate glucan synthase (GS). Finally, signaling through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Pmk1p remained active in mtl2Δ and wsc1Δ disruptants exposed to cell wall stress, suggesting that the cell wall stress-sensing spectrum of Schizosaccharomyces pombe sensor-like proteins differs from that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.S. Cruz was supported by a fellowship from BSCH (Banco Santander Central Hispano), P. García was supported by a fellowship from the Junta de Castilla y León, and S. Muñoz acknowledges support from a fellowship JAE-PreDoc granted by the CSIC, Spain. This work was supported by grants BFU2008-00963/BMC and BFU2011-24683/BMC from the CICYT, Spain and GR231 from the Junta de Castilla y León. IBFG acknowledges the institutional support granted by the Ramón Areces Foundation during 2011-2012.Peer Reviewe

A comparison of filtering approaches using low-speed DACs for hardware-in-the-loop implemented in FPGAs

The use of Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) systems implemented in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) is constantly increasing because of its advantages compared to traditional simulation techniques. This increase in usage has caused new challenges related to the improvement of their performance and features like the number of output channels, while the price of HIL systems is diminishing. At present, the use of low-speed Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs) is starting to be a commercial possibility because of two reasons. One is their lower price and the other is their lower pin count, which determines the number and price of the FPGAs that are necessary to handle those DACs. This paper compares four filtering approaches for providing suitable data to low-speed DACs, which help to filter high-speed input signals, discarding the need of using expensive high-speed DACS, and therefore decreasing the total cost of HIL implementations. Results show that the selection of the appropriate filter should be based on the type of the input waveform and the relative importance of the dynamics versus the areaThis research was funded by Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad grant number TEC2013-43017-R

Analysis of resolution in feedback signals for hardware-in-the-loop models of power converters

One of the main techniques for debugging power converters is hardware-in-the-loop (HIL), which is used for real-time emulation. Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) are the most common design platforms due to their acceleration capability. In this case, the widths of the signals have to be carefully chosen to optimize the area and speed. For this purpose, fixed-point arithmetic is one of the best options because although the design time is high, it allows the personalization of the number of bits in every signal. The representation of state variables in power converters has been previously studied, however other signals, such as feedback signals, can also have a big influence because they transmit the value of one state variable to the rest, and vice versa. This paper presents an analysis of the number of bits in the feedback signals of a boost converter, but the conclusions can be extended to other power converters. The purpose of this work is to study how many bits are necessary in order to avoid the loss of information, but also without wasting bits. Errors of the state variables are obtained with di erent sizes of feedback signals. These show that the errors in each state variable have similar patterns. When the number of bits increases, the error decreases down to a certain number of bits, where an almost constant error appears. However, when the bits decrease, the error increases linearly. Furthermore, the results show that there is a direct relation between the number of bits in feedback signals and the inputs of the converter in the global error. Finally, a design criterion is given to choose the optimum width for each feedback signal, without wasting bit

Pharmacogenetics and the Treatment of Asthma

[EN] Heterogeneity defines both the natural history of asthma as well as patient's response to treatment. Pharmacogenomics contribute to understand the genetic basis of drug response and thus to define new therapeutic targets or molecular biomarkers to evaluate treatment effectiveness. This review is initially focused on different genes so far involved in the pharmacological response to asthma treatment. Specific considerations regarding allergic asthma, the pharmacogenetics aspects of polypharmacy and the application of pharmacogenomics in new drugs in asthma will also be addressed. Finally, future perspectives related to epigenetic regulatory elements and the potential impact of systems biology in pharmacogenetics of asthma will be considered

LOCOFloat: A low-cost floating-point format for FPGAs.: Application to HIL simulators

One of the main decisions when making a digital design is which arithmetic is going to be used. The arithmetic determines the hardware resources needed and the latency of every operation. This is especially important in real-time applications like HIL (Hardware-in-the-loop), where a real-time simulation of a plant—power converter, mechanical system, or any other complex system—is accomplished. While a fixed-point gets optimal implementations, using considerably fewer resources and allowing smaller simulation steps, its use is very restricted to very specific applications, as its design effort is quite high. On the other side, IEEE-754 floating-point may have resolution problems in case of the 32-bit version, and excessive hardware usage in case of the 64-bit version. This paper presents LOCOFloat, a low-cost floating-point format designed for FPGA applications. Its key features are soft normalization of the results, using significand and exponent fields in two’s complement. This paper shows the implementation of addition, subtraction and multiplication of the proposed format. Both IEEE-754 versions and LOCOFloat are compared in this paper, implementing a HIL model of a buck converter. Although the application example is a HIL simulator, other applications could take benefit from the proposed format. Results show that LOCOFloat is as accurate as 64-bit floating-point, while reducing the use of DSPs blocks by 84%

AC mains synchronization loop for precalculated-based PFC converters using the output voltage measure

Common implementations of power factor correction include sensors for the input and output voltages and the input current. Many alternatives have been considered to reduce the number of sensors, especially the current sensor. One strategy is to precalculate the duty cycles that must be applied to every ac main, so the system only needs to synchronize them with the input voltage, and include a simple output voltage loop. The main problem with this approach is the sensibility to any synchronization error, because the input current is not measured, so its evolution is not continuously corrected. This paper shows how the synchronization error alters the current and the power factor, and it proposes several methods to detect and correct this error. All methods use the output voltage ADC, which is already used to control the output voltage, so the cost of the system is not increased. This technique can also be applied to any current sensorless PFC converter, because they are usually affected by leading or lagging currents, so the synchronization can be modified to reduce these effects. Results show that the implementation of this synchronization loop keeps a high-power factor under a wide synchronization error range, while the added logic is not significant.This research was funded by Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad grant number TEC2013-43017-R