Tratamiento quirúrgico de la pseudoartrosis de la apófisis odontoides: Presentación de dos casos

Se presenta nuestra experiencia de dos casos de pseudoartrosis de apófisis odontoides tratadas quirúrgicamente mediante atornillado directo a compresión por vía anterior paraesternomocleidomastoidea. El resultado final fue satisfactorio en el primer caso, teniendo que realizarse una artrodesis posterior C1-C2 en el segundo. Se discute la posibilidad de un exceso de angulación posterioSe presenta nuestra experiencia de dos casos de pseudoartrosis de apófisis odontoides tratadas quirúrgicamente mediante atornillado directo a compresión por vía anterior paraesternomocleidomastoidea. El resultado final fue satisfactorio en el primer caso, teniendo que realizarse una artrodesis posterior C1-C2 en el segundo. Se discute la posibilidad de un exceso de angulación posterior en la colocación del tornillo como causa del fracaso de la técnica.en la colocación del tornillo como causa del fracaso de la técnica.Two cases of odontoid process non-union treated by direct screw compression through an anterior approach are presented. The outcome was satisfactory in one case. The other required posterior C1-C2 union because of anterior screwing failure. An excessive posterior angulation of the screw thought to be the cause of anterior fusion failure

Changes in electromyographic activity of latent trigger points after a dry needling intervention: a randomised controlled trial.

Objective To analyse the effects of dry needling (DN) in upper trapezius latent trigger points (LTrPs) on pressure pain threshold (PPT) and surface electromyography (sEMG). Design Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial. Settings Sports Rehabilitation Laboratory, University of Castilla-La Mancha. Participants Forty-six participants (18–35 years old) with LTrP in the upper trapezius were divided into two groups: DN-group and Sham-DN-group. Interventions In the DN-group, the needle was inserted 10-times through the skin, and it was manipulated up and down using a "fast in and out" technique. In the Sham-DN-group, non-penetrating needles were used. Main outcome measures PPT, sEMG at rest, and sEMG in isometric contraction of the LTrP of the upper trapezius muscle were evaluated at baseline, 30 min after treatment, and after 24 h, and 72 h of follow-up. Results The mean change in sEMG at rest between baseline and 30 min was − 0.38 (0.38) %refRMS for the DN group and − 0.05 (0.31) %refRMS for the Sham-DN group (mean difference −0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference: − 0.54 to − 0.13), and between baseline and 24 h was − 0.35 (0.35) %refRMS for the DN group and − 0.06 (0.58) %refRMS for the Sham-DN group (mean difference −0.29, 95% CI: −0.57 to −0.01). In addition, the DN-group showed higher values of PPT than the Sham-DN group at 72 h (5.22 (1.23) to 4.65 (1.03) kg/cm2; p < 0.05). Conclusions A single session of DN intervention was effective in reducing the electromyographic activity, muscle fatigue and pain of the upper trapezius muscle in LTrP.pre-print542 K

Sexual dimorphism in brown adipose tissue activation and white adipose tissue browning

The present narrative review gathers the studies reported so far, addressing sex differences in the effects of cold exposure, feeding pattern and age on brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning. In rodents, when exposed to decreasing temperatures, females activate thermogenesis earlier. Results obtained in humans go in the same line, although they do not provide results as solid as those obtained in rodents. Regarding the effects of overfeeding, interesting sex differences on BAT thermogenic capacity have been reported, and the greater or lower sensitivity of each sex to this dietary situation seems to be dependent on the type of feeding. In the case of energy restriction, females are more sensitive than males. In addition, sex differences have also been observed in thermogenesis changes induced by phenolic compound administration. During sexual development, an increase in BAT mass and BAT activity takes place. This phenomenon is greater in boys than in girls, probably due to its relation to muscle-mass growth. The opposite situation takes place during ageing, a lifespan period where thermogenic capacity declines, this being more acute in men than in women. Finally, the vast majority of the studies have reported a higher susceptibility to developing WAT browning amongst females. The scarcity of results highlights the need for further studies devoted to analysing this issue, in order to provide valuable information for a more personalised approach

Tratamiento de las fracturas supracondíleas de húmero con desplazamiento en niños

Se realiza un estudio retrospectivo de 188 niños con fracturas supracondíleas de húmero desplazadas tratados en nuestro Servicio durante los años 1986 a 1997 mediante reducción cerrada y enclavijamiento de la fractura con dos agujas de kirschner. Se utilizó la clasificación de Gartland para la valoración del desplazamiento de la fractura y se estudiaron los resultados tanto desde el punto de vista radiológico como clínico siguiendo los criterios de Flynn. Estos resultados fueron considerados como satisfactorios en 154 casos (82%) en el seguimiento a largo plazo. Se constató la ausencia del pulso radial en 22 casos (12%) recuperándose en todos ellos después de la reducción y estabilización de la fractura y 28 casos (15%) de lesiones neurológicas que se recuperaron en un plazo comprendido entre dos y seis meses. La secuela más frecuente fue el cúbito varo en 23 casos (12%) con escasa repercusión funcional.A retrospective study of 188 children complaining of displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus was performed. The period of the study was 1986 to 1997 and all the fractures were treated by closed reduction and percutaneous pinning with two kirschner wires. Gartland classification was used to assess the fracture's displacement. The results were studied clinically and radiologically following Flynn criteria. In the long term follow up 154 cases (82%) were considered satisfactory. A lack of radial pulse was reported in 22 cases (12%) and in all of them a total recovery was achieved after the reduction and stabilization of the fracture. We also record 28 cases (15%) of neural injuries with full recovery between two and six months time. The most frequent permanent damage was cubitus varus in 23 cases (12%) but with little functional impairment

NS3 genomic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis as alternative to a commercially available assay to reliably determine hepatitis C virus subtypes 1a and 1b

Objective: To evaluate the use of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 sequencing as alternative to the comercially available Versant HCV 2.0 reverse hybridization line-probe assay (LiPA 2.0) to determine HCV genotype 1 (HCV-1) subtypes. Patients and methods: A cohort of 104 patients infected by HCV-1 according to LiPA 2.0 was analyzed in a cross-sectional study conducted in patients seen from January 2012 to June 2016 at an outpatient clinic in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Results: The samples were included within well supported subtype clades: 64 with HCV-1b and 39 with HCV-1a infection. Twenty of the HCV-1a infected patientes were included in a supported sub-clade “1” and 19 individuals were among the basal sub-clade “2”. LiPA 2.0 failed to subtype HCV-1 in 20 (19.2%) individuals. Subtype classification determined by NS3 direct sequencing showed that 2/18 (11.1%) of the HCV-1a-infected patients as determined by LiPA 2.0 were in fact infected by HCV-1b. Of the HCV-1b-infected according to LiPA 2.0, 10/66 (15.2%) patients showed HCV-1a infection according to NS3 sequencing. Overall misclassification was 14.3% (κ-index for the concordance with NS3 sequencing = 0.635). One (1%) patient was erroneously genotyped as HCV-1 and was revealed as HCV genotype 4 infection. Conclusions: Genomic sequencing of the HCV NS3 region represents an adequate alternative since it provides reliable genetic information. It even distinguishes between HCV-1a clades related to resistance-associated substitutions to HCV protease inhibitors, it provides reliable genetic information for genotyping/subgenotyping and simultaneously allows to determine the presence of resistance-associated substitutions to currently recommended DAAs.Fil: Neukam, Karin. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Universidad de Sevilla; España. Hospital Universitario de Valme; EspañaFil: Martínez, Alfredo P.. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas “Norberto Quirno”; ArgentinaFil: Culasso, Andrés Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Ridruejo, Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. CEMIC-CONICET. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno". CEMIC-CONICET.; ArgentinaFil: García, Gabriel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Di Lello, Federico Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentin

Phylogenetic analysis of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the first few months since its emergence

During the first months of SARS‐CoV‐2 evolution in a new host, contrasting hypotheses have been proposed about the way the virus has evolved and diversified worldwide. The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive evolutionary analysis to describe the human outbreak and the evolutionary rate of different genomic regions of SARS‐CoV‐2.The molecular evolution in nine genomic regions of SARS‐CoV‐2 was analyzed using three different approaches: phylogenetic signal assessment, emergence of amino acid substitutions, and Bayesian evolutionary rate estimation in eight successive fortnights since the virus emergence.All observed phylogenetic signals were very low and tree topologies were in agreement with those signals. However, after four months of evolution, it was possible to identify regions revealing an incipient viral lineage formation despite the low phylogenetic signal, since fortnight 3. Finally, the SARS‐CoV‐2 evolutionary rate for regions nsp3 and S, the ones presenting greater variability, was estimated as 1.37 x 10‐3 and 2.19 x 10‐3 substitution/site/year, respectively.In conclusion, results from this work about the variable diversity of crucial viral regions and determination of the evolutionary rate are consequently decisive to understand essential features of viral emergence. In turn, findings may allow the first time characterization of the evolutionary rate of S protein, crucial for vaccine development.Fil: Pereson, Matías J.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Mojsiejczuk, Laura Noelia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Martínez, Alfredo P.. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigación Clínica "Norberto Quirno"; ArgentinaFil: Flichman, Diego Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; ArgentinaFil: García, Gabriel Hugo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Di Lello, Federico Alejandro. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentin

Evolutionary analysis of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for its different clades

The spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become the main target for antiviral and vaccine development. Despite its relevance, e information is scarse about its evolutionary traces. The aim of this study was to investigate the diversification patterns of the spike for each clade of SARS-CoV-2 through different approaches. Two thousand and one hundred sequences representing the seven clades of the SARS-CoV-2 were included. Patterns of genetic diversifications and nucleotide evolutionary rate were estimated for the spike genomic region. The haplotype networks showed a star shape, where multiple haplotypes with few nucleotide differences diverge from a common ancestor. Four hundred seventy-nine different haplotypes were defined in the seven analyzed clades. The main haplotype, named Hap-1, was the most frequent for clades G (54%), GH (54%), and GR (56%) and a different haplotype (named Hap-252) was the most important for clades L (63.3%), O (39.7%), S (51.7%), and V (70%). The evolutionary rate for the spike protein was estimated as 1.08 × 10−3 nucleotide substitutions/site/year. Moreover, the nucleotide evolutionary rate after nine months of the pandemic was similar for each clade. In conclusion, the present evolutionary analysis is relevant as the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is the target for most therapeutic candidates; besides, changes in this protein could have consequences on viral transmission, response to antivirals and efficacy of vaccines. Moreover, the evolutionary characterization of clades improves knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 and deserves to be assessed in more detail as re-infection by different phylogenetic clades has been reported.Fil: Pereson Moschen, Matias Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. Instituto de Investigaciones En Bacteriologia y Virologia Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Flichman, Diego Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; ArgentinaFil: Martínez, Alfredo P.. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno"; ArgentinaFil: Baré, Patricia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: García, Gabriel Hugo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. Instituto de Investigaciones En Bacteriologia y Virologia Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Di Lello, Federico Alejandro. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. Instituto de Investigaciones En Bacteriologia y Virologia Molecular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Silicification and quartz types in volcanic rocks (Cabo de Gata volcanic region)

The original mineralogical and geochemical compositions of andesitic volcanic rocks from SE of Spain have been modified by different processes, under hydrothermal environment. In particular, silicification process increases the initial silica concentration of the volcanic rock from 69 % to 97%. One of the characteristics of this alteration is the breakdown of mafics minerals and feldspars with supply of Al, Fe, Mg…etc to the interstitial fluids which can be later introduce as traces in the new quartz formed. The silica rocks created in the process are mainly constituted by quartz with different crystal sizes and textures. The spectral analysis of the cathodoluminiscence (CL) emission in combination with the Scanning Electron microscopy observations show that the igneous quartz crystals of the volcanic rock are characterized by a dominant band at 2,95 eV (420 nm) while the quartz crystals formed by silicification have a dominant band at 2,54 eV (~ 500 nm). Although it is difficult to identify the causes of these spectral differences, it is considered that the 420 nm emission band is due to native defects of the igneous quartz and the ~ 500 nm emission band is due to the substitutional incorporations of impurity ions in the hydrothermal quartz crystals. The SEM-CL imagines show a non uniform luminescent emission. This is interpreted in terms of either microsilicifications affecting the quartz crystals and the groundmass of the volcanic rocks or as consequence of the pseudomorphic replacements by quartz of the primary minerals. The hydrothermal silicification is an early process that increase the amount of silica of the initial andesitic rock making other petrological and geochemical types of volcanic rock

Adherence to treatment and related factors among patients with chronic conditions in primary care: a cross-sectional study

Producción CientíficaBackground: Adherence to treatment, a public health issue, is of particular importance in chronic disease therapies. Primary care practices offer ideal venues for the effective care and management of these conditions. The aim of this study is to assess adherence to treatment and related-factors among patients with chronic conditions in primary care settings. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 299 adult patients with ≥1 chronic condition(s) and prescribed medication in primary healthcare centers of Spain. The Morisky-Green-Levine questionnaire was used to assess medication adherence via face-to-face interviews. Crude and adjusted multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze factors associated with adherence using the Multidimensional Model proposed by the World Health Organization — social and economic, healthcare team and system-related, condition-related, therapy-related, and patient-related factors. Results: The proportion of adherent patients to treatment was 55.5%. Older age (adjusted odds ratio 1.31 per 10-year increment, 95% CI 1.01–1.70), lower number of pharmacies used for medication refills (0.65, 95% CI 0.47– 0.90), having received complete treatment information (3.89, 95% CI 2.09–7.21), having adequate knowledge about medication regimen (4.17, 95% CI 2.23–7.80), and self-perception of a good quality of life (2.17, 95% CI 1.18–4.02) were independent factors associated with adherence. Conclusions: Adherence to treatment for chronic conditions remained low in primary care. Optimal achievement of appropriate levels of adherence through tailored multifaceted interventions will require attention to the multidimensional factors found in this study, particularly those related to patients’ education and their information needs

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV infection among patients undergoing haemodialysis in Buenos Aires, Argentina

Introduction. Blood-borne infections are a major cause of harm in individuals on haemodialysis (HD). In particular, knowledge about hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status in HD patients is a major concern, since these infections may cause comorbidities in this setting. There is a paucity of data regarding this issue in Argentina. Hypothesis/Gap Statement. The epidemiological surveillance of HBV, HCV, and HIV is a fundamental tool for planning and implementing health strategies in order to prevent and control viral transmission of these viral agents. Aim. To determine the seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV infections in HD patients in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Methodology. Seven hundred and forty-eight HD patients were included in a retrospective cross-sectional study. Serological assays were performed to determine HBV, HCV and HIV status. HBV HBsAg and anti-HBc IgG were analysed using AxSYM (samples before 2010) or the Architect Abbott system (samples since 2010), anti-HCV IgG testing was performed using the anti-HCV enzyme immunoassay AxSYM HCV V3.0 and ARCHITECT anti-HCV, while HIV was tested for using AxSYM HIV 1/2 gO and ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combination. HCV genotyping was carried out by phylogenetic analysis of the NS5B partial gene. Results. Infection with one of the viruses was detected in 31.1% of patients [HBV in 82 (11.0%), HCV in 179 (23.9%) and HIV in 6 (0.8%)]. Thirty-two (4.3%) patients had 2 virus markers [27 (3.6%) with HCV/HBV, 4 (0.5%) with HCV/HIV and 1 (0.13%) with HBV/HIV]. Finally, a single patient (0.13%) presented all three markers. Time on dialysis was correlated with HCV but not with HBV infection. The HCV subtype distribution in HD patients was inverted with respect to that observed in the general population (HCV-1a 73.2% and HCV-1b 26.8% in HD vs HCV-1a 26.5% and HCV-1b 73.5% in the general population, P <0.001). Conclusion. Despite the implementation of universal precautionary biosafety standards for dialysis, infection with HBV and HCV continues to occur at very high rates in HD patients. The results emphasize the need to carry out proactive tasks for early diagnosis and treatment of infected individuals and to vaccinate those with non-protective antiHBs antibodies in order to reduce morbidity and mortality in HD patients.Fil: Pereson Moschen, Matias Javier. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Martínez, Alfredo P.. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno"; ArgentinaFil: Isaac, Katia. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno"; ArgentinaFil: Laham, Gustavo. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno"; ArgentinaFil: Ridruejo, Ezequiel. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: García, Gabriel Hugo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Flichman, Diego Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; ArgentinaFil: Di Lello, Federico Alejandro. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentin