Nonlinear field theories during homogeneous spatial dilation

The effect of a uniform dilation of space on stochastically driven nonlinear field theories is examined. This theoretical question serves as a model problem for examining the properties of nonlinear field theories embedded in expanding Euclidean Friedmann-Lema\^{\i}tre-Robertson-Walker metrics in the context of cosmology, as well as different systems in the disciplines of statistical mechanics and condensed matter physics. Field theories are characterized by the speed at which they propagate correlations within themselves. We show that for linear field theories correlations stop propagating if and only if the speed at which the space dilates is higher than the speed at which correlations propagate. The situation is in general different for nonlinear field theories. In this case correlations might stop propagating even if the velocity at which space dilates is lower than the velocity at which correlations propagate. In particular, these results imply that it is not possible to characterize the dynamics of a nonlinear field theory during homogeneous spatial dilation {\it a priori}. We illustrate our findings with the nonlinear Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation

Universal quantum computation with the Orbital Angular Momentum of a single photon

We prove that a single photon with quantum data encoded in its orbital angular momentum can be manipulated with simple optical elements to provide any desired quantum computation. We will show how to build any quantum unitary operator using beamsplitters, phase shifters, holograms and an extraction gate based on quantum interrogation. The advantages and challenges of these approach are then discussed, in particular the problem of the readout of the results.Comment: First version. Comments welcom

Delayed commutation in quantum computer networks

In the same way that classical computer networks connect and enhance the capabilities of classical computers, quantum networks can combine the advantages of quantum information and communications. We propose a non-classical network element, a delayed commutation switch, that can solve the problem of switching time in packet switching networks. With the help of some local ancillary qubits and superdense codes we can route the information after part of it has left the network node.Comment: 4 pages. 4 figures. Preliminar versio

Pure cervical radiculopathy due to spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma (SSEH): report of a case solved conservatively

Abstract Introduction: Spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma (SSEH) is widely recognised throughout the literature as a cause of myelopathy, radicular compression being very rarely reported. Surgical management is almost always recommended, especially in the cases of spinal cord compression. Conservative treatment is reported as a curiosity and only in the case of spontaneous improvement. This report presents the particular case of a 64-year-old patient undergoing anticoagulant therapy that had a cervical radiculopathy due to a SSEH confirmed by MRI. The patient improved spontaneously and symptoms were solved with unconventional conservative treatment and without stopping the anticoagulant therapy. Conclusions: Spontaneous epidural haematoma must be kept in mind when patients undergoing anticoagulant therapy have a sudden onset of cervicobrachialgia. Even though most spinal surgeons advocate surgical treatment, a conservative approach may lead to a complete recovery and may be considered as a good option in the case of radicular involvement. Discontinuation of the anticoagulant therapy may not always be needed, especially when the clinical syndrome improves spontaneously

Molecular Deuterion crystallitation under cuasi-1D confienment

ECNS 2015, Zaragoza (Spain), August 30th-September 4th 2015A particularly interesting aspect of Carbon Nanotubes is their use as nearly one-dimensional nano-containers. Apart of their possibilities for controlled chemistry in nano- fluidics devices new phenomena induced by confinement are also expected, such as liquid like ordered structures or exotic crystalline phases. Here, we present a series of neutron diffraction measurements (instrument D20, ILL, Grenoble) of molecular deuterium confined within Multiple Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCTNs). Bulk liquid D2 at its vapour pressure crystallises in an hcp structure at ~18.7 K. At low uptakes we have found a clear depression of the solidification temperature down to ~13.25 K. Interestingly, at the lowest uptake the diffraction pattern is consistent with the minimal fcc lattice compatible with a cylindrical symmetry.Peer Reviewe

Efecto del tipo de jaula sobre el comportamiento de conejas

El objetivo de este ensayo fue evaluar el efecto del tipo de jaula (convencional vs. enriquecida) y el estado fisiológico de las conejas (gestación vs. lactación) sobre su comportamiento. Se realizaron grabaciones de 12 conejas multíparas durante 24 h en dos momentos distintos. Los comportamientos observados se clasificaron en tres grupos independientes (localización, locomoción y acciones). Se observó una predominancia clara por el uso del reposapatas (principalmente en la fase de lactación), pero este tiempo disminuyó significativamente en jaulas enriquecidas debido al uso de la plataforma (67,1 vs. 48,2%; Pmenor que0,05). Las conejas permanecieron tumbadas y sentadas el 78,4 y 20,7% del día, respectivamente, sin tener efecto ni el tipo de jaula ni el estado fisiológico. Las conejas se ponían de pie únicamente para comer u oler las heces retenidas sobre la plataforma. Las conejas se mostraron más nerviosas en la fase de lactación tratando de huir de los gazapos, siendo esta huida exitosa cuando las conejas tenían la posibilidad de utilizar la plataforma. Las conejas gestantes estuvieron significativamente más tiempo que las lactantes acicalándose, mordiendo barrotes e interaccionando con las vecinas (Pmenor que0,01; 0,05 y 0,05, respectivamente). Las conejas lactantes dedicaron más tiempo a beber (Pmenor que0,05) que las gestantes. De este trabajo se desprende que el aumento del espacio disponible con la colocación de una plataforma elevada podría ser una buena alternativa para la mejora del bienestar de las conejas, sobre todo en la fase final de la lactación, aunque la retención de heces sobre la plataforma y las deyecciones pueden ocasionar problemas de higiene

Dynamically tunable transformation thermodynamics

Recently, the introduction of transformation thermodynamics has provided a way to design thermal media that alter the flow of heat according to any spatial deformation, enabling the construction of novel devices such as thermal cloaks or concentrators. However, in its current version, this technique only allows static deformations of space. Here, we develop a space-time theory of transformation thermodynamics that incorporates the possibility of performing time-varying deformations. This extra freedom greatly widens the range of achievable effects, providing an additional degree of control for heat management applications. As an example, we design a reconfigurable thermal cloak that can be opened and closed dynamically, therefore being able to gradually adjust the temperature distribution of a given region.C G-M acknowledges support from Generalitat Valenciana through the VALi+d postdoctoral program (exp APOSTD/2014/044).García Meca, C.; Barceló, C. (2016). Dynamically tunable transformation thermodynamics. Journal of Optics. 18(4):044026-1-044026-5. https://doi.org/10.1088/2040-8978/18/4/044026S044026-1044026-5184Guenneau, S., Amra, C., & Veynante, D. (2012). Transformation thermodynamics: cloaking and concentrating heat flux. Optics Express, 20(7), 8207. doi:10.1364/oe.20.008207Schittny, R., Kadic, M., Guenneau, S., & Wegener, M. (2013). Experiments on Transformation Thermodynamics: Molding the Flow of Heat. Physical Review Letters, 110(19). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.110.195901McCall, M. W., Favaro, A., Kinsler, P., & Boardman, A. (2011). A spacetime cloak, or a history editor. Journal of Optics, 13(2), 029501-029501. doi:10.1088/2040-8978/13/2/029501Cummer, S. A., & Thompson, R. T. (2010). Frequency conversion by exploiting time in transformation optics. Journal of Optics, 13(2), 024007. doi:10.1088/2040-8978/13/2/024007García-Meca, C., Carloni, S., Barceló, C., Jannes, G., Sánchez-Dehesa, J., & Martínez, A. (2013). Analogue Transformations in Physics and their Application to Acoustics. Scientific Reports, 3(1). doi:10.1038/srep02009García-Meca, C., Carloni, S., Barceló, C., Jannes, G., Sánchez-Dehesa, J., & Martínez, A. (2014). Space–time transformation acoustics. Wave Motion, 51(5), 785-797. doi:10.1016/j.wavemoti.2014.01.008Kinsler, P., & McCall, M. W. (2014). Transformation devices: Event carpets in space and space-time. Physical Review A, 89(6). doi:10.1103/physreva.89.063818Kinsler, P., & McCall, M. W. (2013). Cloaks, editors, and bubbles: applications of spacetime transformation theory. Annalen der Physik, 526(1-2), 51-62. doi:10.1002/andp.201300164Leonhardt, U., & Philbin, T. G. (2006). General relativity in electrical engineering. New Journal of Physics, 8(10), 247-247. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/8/10/247Guenneau, S., & Puvirajesinghe, T. M. (2013). Fick’s second law transformed: one path to cloaking in mass diffusion. Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 10(83), 20130106. doi:10.1098/rsif.2013.0106Guenneau, S., Petiteau, D., Zerrad, M., Amra, C., & Puvirajesinghe, T. (2015). Transformed Fourier and Fick equations for the control of heat and mass diffusion. AIP Advances, 5(5), 053404. doi:10.1063/1.4917492García-Meca, C., Carloni, S., Barceló, C., Jannes, G., Sánchez-Dehesa, J., & Martínez, A. (2014). Analogue transformation acoustics and the compression of spacetime. Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, 12(4), 312-318. doi:10.1016/j.photonics.2014.05.001Schittny, R., Kadic, M., Buckmann, T., & Wegener, M. (2014). Invisibility cloaking in a diffusive light scattering medium. Science, 345(6195), 427-429. doi:10.1126/science.1254524Chester, M. (1963). Second Sound in Solids. Physical Review, 131(5), 2013-2015. doi:10.1103/physrev.131.2013Ali, Y. M., & Zhang, L. C. (2005). Relativistic heat conduction. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 48(12), 2397-2406. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.02.003López Molina, J. A., Rivera, M. J., & Berjano, E. (2014). Fourier, hyperbolic and relativistic heat transfer equations: a comparative analytical study. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 470(2172), 20140547. doi:10.1098/rspa.2014.0547Christov, C. I., & Jordan, P. M. (2005). Heat Conduction Paradox Involving Second-Sound Propagation in Moving Media. Physical Review Letters, 94(15). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.94.154301Cho, J., Losego, M. D., Zhang, H. G., Kim, H., Zuo, J., Petrov, I., … Braun, P. V. (2014). Electrochemically tunable thermal conductivity of lithium cobalt oxide. Nature Communications, 5(1). doi:10.1038/ncomms5035Ihlefeld, J. F., Foley, B. M., Scrymgeour, D. A., Michael, J. R., McKenzie, B. B., Medlin, D. L., … Hopkins, P. E. (2015). Room-Temperature Voltage Tunable Phonon Thermal Conductivity via Reconfigurable Interfaces in Ferroelectric Thin Films. Nano Letters, 15(3), 1791-1795. doi:10.1021/nl504505

Aza-Diels-Alder versus 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions of Methyl Glyoxylate Oxime with Cyclopentadiene

The 12th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry session Computational ChemistryThe acid-catalyzed [3+2] and [4+2] cycloadditions between methyl glyoxylate oxime (1) and cyclopentadiene were investigated using various Lewis and/or Bronsted acids at different temperatures in dichloromethane as solvent. Besides the expected new adducts, (±)-methyl [(3-exo)-2-hydroxy-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene]-3-carboxylate (2) and (±)-methyl [(3-endo)-2-hydroxy-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene]-3-carboxylate (3) a third addict, (±) methyl (1R,4R,5R)-(2-ox-3-azabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-7-ene)-4-carboxylate (4), whose formation can be explained by a concerted 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, was obtained. Yields and product ratios were found to be more dependent on the catalyst than on the temperature; these results and the stereochemistry of the adducts, confirmed by spectroscopic data (1H and 13C NMR) and by X-ray cycloadditionsThis work was supported by Centro de Investigação em Química of University of Porto. The authors thank the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) for financial support of this work under project POCTI/QUI/44471/2002 (Pluri-annual and Programmatic Funding) and for the grant to C. A. D. Sousa (SFRH/BD/31526/2006

Mesozoic palaeogeographic evolution of the External Zones of the Betic Cordillera

14 páginas, 8 figuras.The main events characterizing the Mesozoic palaeogeographic evolution of the External Zones of the Betic Cordillera are outlined. The Triassic sediments show a 'germanic' type lacies over the entire region, ending with Late Triassic evaporites and variegated clays of Keuper facies. At the beginning of the Jurassic a transgression takes place, and a broad shallow-marine carbonate-platform environment appears. During the Carixian (180 Ma) the carbonate platform breaks down leading to the differentiation of two large palaeogeographic units: the Prebetic Zone where shallow-water environments prevailed throughout the Mesozoic, and the Subbetic Zone where the sediments are clearly pelagic. Within the Prebetic Zone, two palaeogeographic realms are differentiated: the External Prebetic ,showing important stratigraphic gaps in the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous sequence, and the Internal Prebetic with a thicker and more continuous stratigraphic sequence. Between the Prebetic and Subbetic Zones, a palaeogeographic realm is distinguished (Intermediate units) where turbiditic and pelagic materials were deposited. This zone corresponds approximately to a slope environment during most of Mesozoic times. In the Subbetic Zone a marked differential subsidence occurs during the Jurassic, leading to trough (Median Subbetic) and swells (External and Internal Subbetic). In the Median Subbetic, the deposits consist mainly of marls, pelagic limestones, radiolarites and calcareous turbidites, with mafic volcanic hand subvolcanic rocks. During the Cretaceous pelagic marls and marty limestones were laid down. Mesozoic sedimentation took place along the southern margin of the European plate, in an Atlantic-type continental margin underlain by continental crust. Three-dimensional schemes, explaining the main palaeogcographic events are included.Peer reviewe

IR characterization of Ln2−xSrxCoO4 (x≥1; Ln=La, Nd) oxides

[Abstract] We have recorded the FTIR spectra of powder samples of Ln2−xSrxCoO4 (Ln=La, Nd) at room temperature. We have identified the infrared active modes (3A2u+4Eu), and analyzed how they change as a function of Ln and the Sr doping. We correlate the obtained results with structural data obtained from powder X-ray diffraction studies and with the electronic properties displayed by these samples