Towards Semantic Modeling of Contradictions and Disagreements: A Case Study of Medical Guidelines

We introduce a formal distinction between contradictions and disagreements in natural language texts, motivated by the need to formally reason about contradictory medical guidelines. This is a novel and potentially very useful distinction, and has not been discussed so far in NLP and logic. We also describe a NLP system capable of automated finding contradictory medical guidelines; the system uses a combination of text analysis and information retrieval modules. We also report positive evaluation results on a small corpus of contradictory medical recommendations.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, accepted at 12th International Conference on Computational Semantics (IWCS-2017

Gauge-gravity duality with flavor branes

Since the holographic duality was proposed by Maldacena in 1997 it has been generalised in order to study a wide range of problems. One prominent example among the variety of extensions of the duality is the addition of flavor degrees of freedom as a result of the inclusion of supplementary D-branes on the initial system. The main goal of this thesis is the application of the correspondence in two particular situations where fields transforming in the fundamental representation of the gauge group are taken into account. In order to do so, we will study a system of intersecting D3 and D5 branes. In the first part, we will try to gain some insight into periodically driven systems, while the second part will be devoted to the construction of a holographic dual that realises anistropy, as well as a finite baryon density

Los principios generales de interpretación de la propiedad industrial en el nuevo Código Mercantil

El Libro III del nuevo Código Mercantil, “Del Derecho de la Competencia y de la Propiedad Industrial”, encierra tres disciplinas mercantiles que son, en la práctica, parte de los pilares principales de la empresa. A saber: el derecho de la competencia; la competencia desleal y los activos de propiedad industrial. Tales activos inmateriales –la propiedad industrial- cierran el presente Libro III a través de su Título VI que, rubricado “De la propiedad industrial” ocupa, bajo el sistema de Código Europeo, del artículo 360-1 a 360-13. Los principios generales de interpretación relativos a la propiedad industrial, se consagran en el artículo 360-12 el cual se desarrolla en cuatro apartados que constituyen el objeto del presente estudio

A Sheaf Model of Contradictions and Disagreements. Preliminary Report and Discussion

We introduce a new formal model -- based on the mathematical construct of sheaves -- for representing contradictory information in textual sources. This model has the advantage of letting us (a) identify the causes of the inconsistency; (b) measure how strong it is; (c) and do something about it, e.g. suggest ways to reconcile inconsistent advice. This model naturally represents the distinction between contradictions and disagreements. It is based on the idea of representing natural language sentences as formulas with parameters sitting on lattices, creating partial orders based on predicates shared by theories, and building sheaves on these partial orders with products of lattices as stalks. Degrees of disagreement are measured by the existence of global and local sections. Limitations of the sheaf approach and connections to recent work in natural language processing, as well as the topics of contextuality in physics, data fusion, topological data analysis and epistemology are also discussed.Comment: This paper was presented at ISAIM 2018, International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Mathematics. Fort Lauderdale, FL. January 3 5, 2018. Minor typographical errors have been correcte

Photo-abilities (working title)

This photographic exhibition revolves around the idea of ability. Physical and cognitive processes are reviewed and explored in the context of creative work. The photographs depict prototypes currently being used by people with severe functional limitations in Brighton, UK. This visual approximation to the object of study constitutes the first step of a larger collaborative research project between Ivan Garbayo and Patricia Prieto-Blanco. Ivan Garbayo is an Occupational Therapist who has been working with in this field for over a decade. By applying the principles of accessible design to visual production tools, he aims to both facilitate access as well as to foster social, economic and sensory inclusion of people with severe functional limitations. By applying visual research methods to this investigation, Patricia Prieto-Blanco aims to both reach wider audiences as well as to facilitate an interdisciplinary discussion about ability and creative expression. Audio-visual resources are valuable tools of stimulation that can be productively used to foster interaction and communication when working with people with severe functional limitations. But, what happens when the receivers become the producers? The aim of the photographic series is to both raise awareness as well as to foster an exploration of socio-cultural inclusion and embodiment

Holographic Floquet states in low dimensions

We study the response of a (2+1)-dimensional gauge theory to an external rotating electric field. In the strong coupling regime such system is formulated holographically in a top-down model constructed by intersecting D3- and D5-branes along 2+1 dimensions, in the quenched approximation, in which the D5-brane is a probe in the AdS_5 x S^5 geometry. The system has a non-equilibrium phase diagram with conductive and insulator phases. The external driving induces a rotating current due to vacuum polarization (in the insulator phase) and to Schwinger effect (in the conductive phase). For some particular values of the driving frequency the external field resonates with the vector mesons of the model and a rotating current can be produced even in the limit of vanishing driving field. These features are in common with the (3+1) dimensional setup based on the D3-D7 brane model and hint on some interesting universality. We also compute the conductivities paying special attention to the photovoltaic induced Hall effect, which is only present for massive charged carriers. In the vicinity of the Floquet condensate the optical Hall coefficient persists at zero driving field, signalling time reversal symmetry breaking.Comment: 56 pages, 19 figure

Construcción visual de una arquitectura: El diálogo entre Cabrero y Férriz

When Francisco Cabrero’s architecture met Jesús García Ferriz’s photography, it encountered a tool for dissemination and thought. Férriz’s photographs present Cabrero’s architecture through the most suggestive perspective, the most precise angle and the most representative detail, to produce a form of reception and visual perception that allows us to observe each work with different eyes. One of the consequences of this dialogue is the parallel creative evolution of Cabrero and Férriz over the space of three fruitful decades towards a gradual abstraction and technical refinement in both media. In addition to putting forward this argument, the aim of the article is to reflect on the role of images and visual thinking within the modes of production, reception and observation of architecture, in this case within the context of Spanish architectural culture. Given the visual nature of architecture, the critical analysis of the meaning and knowledge about images, an essential issue in the current debate on visual culture, becomes essential in the development of a thought that requires seeing phenomena and determining the function of the iconic in the present day.Cuando la arquitectura de Francisco Cabrero descubrió la fotografía de Jesús García Férriz encontró en ella una herramienta de difusión pero también de pensamiento. Las fotografías de Férriz presentan la arquitectura de Cabrero a través de la perspectiva más sugerente, el ángulo más preciso o el detalle más representativo, para construir un modo de recepción y percepción visual que nos permite observar cada una de las obras con otros ojos. Una de las consecuencias de este encuentro es la evolución creativa en paralelo de Cabrero y Férriz durante tres fructíferas décadas hacia una gradual abstracción y depuración técnica en ambos medios. Además de argumentar este hecho, la intención del artículo es reflexionar acerca del papel de las imágenes y el pensamiento visual dentro de los modos de producción, recepción y observación de la arquitectura, en este caso en el marco de la cultura arquitectónica española. Dada la naturaleza visual de la arquitectura, el análisis crítico de las formas de significado o conocimiento en torno a las imágenes, tema esencial en el debate actual sobre la Cultura Visual, resulta clave en el desarrollo de un pensamiento que exige saber ver los fenómenos y determinar el sentido de lo icónico en la actualidad

Unraveling Bulk and Grain Boundary Electrical Properties in La0.8Sr0.2Mn1-yO3 Thin Films

Grain boundaries in Sr-doped LaMnO3 thin films have been shown to strongly influence the electronic and oxygen mass transport properties, being able to profoundly modify the nature of the material. The unique behaviour of the grain boundaries can be correlated with substantial modifications of the cation concentration at the interfaces, which can be tuned by changing the overall cationic ratio in the films. In this work, we study the electronic properties of La0.8Sr0.2Mn1-yO3 thin films with variable Mn content. The influence of the cationic composition on the grain boundary and grain bulk electronic properties is elucidated by studying the manganese valence state evolution using spectroscopy techniques and by confronting the electronic properties of epitaxial and polycrystalline films. Substantial differences in the electronic conduction mechanism are found in the presence of grain boundaries and depending on the manganese content. Moreover, the unique defect chemistry of the nanomaterial is elucidated by measuring the electrical resistance of the thin films as a function of oxygen partial pressure, disclosing the importance of the cationic local non-stoichiometry on the thin films behavior

The grid at the Cité artisanale in Sèvres. A synthesis of the aspirations of a generation.

[EN] Although they usually signed under one common name, the three members of the Candilis-Josic-Woods team also developed works on an individual basis. This occurred in the Citè artisanale in Sèvres designed by Alexis Josic between 1961 and 1965. Conceived just one year prior to the Free University of Berlin, in parallel to the competition for the reconstruction of Frankfurt and while Woods published his theory of the ‘web’ concept in Le Carré Bleu, this proposal was an important breakthrough in the use of geometric iterative patterns as a design method applied by the team and allowed for the determination of some themes which were characteristic of later works; all this, from a manifest formal simplicity. The definition of an open and evolving system, the search for a renewed spatial identity as an alternative to the canons of international style or the reinterpretation of the architectural framework from the point of view of creative negotiation with the user, lay the foundation for Josic’s ‘grid idea’, which also implies the synthesis of many of the ambitions of Team X. The aim of this article is therefore to contribute to a better understanding of the aesthetic, cultural and social meanings that modular growth mechanisms acquired in this specific context of the revision of the modern movement.[ES] Aunque solían firmar los proyectos bajo un nombre común, los tres miembros del equipo Candilis-Josic-Woods también desarrollaron trabajos de forma independiente. Así sucede en la Ciudad Artesanal de Sèvres realizada por Alexis Josic entre 1961 y 1965. Concebida tan solo un año antes que la Universidad Libre de Berlín, en paralelo al concurso para la reconstrucción de Frankfurt y mientras Woods publicaba en Le Carré Bleu su teoría sobre el concepto de “web”, esta propuesta supuso un avance decisivo en el uso de patrones geométricos de repetición como método de proyecto por parte del equipo, y permitió fijar algunos temas característicos de trabajos posteriores, todo ello, desde una manifiesta sencillez formal. La definición de un sistema de proyecto abierto y evolutivo, la búsqueda de una renovada identidad espacial alternativa a los cánones del estilo internacional o la reinterpretación del esqueleto arquitectónico desde sus posibilidades de negociación creativa con el usuario fundamentan una “idea de trama”, que también supone la síntesis de muchas de las aspiraciones del Team X. El objetivo de este artículo no es otro que contribuir a una mejor comprensión de las connotaciones estéticas, culturales y sociales que los mecanismos de crecimiento modular adquirieron en ese particular contexto de la revisión moderna.Martín Domínguez, G.; De Esteban Garbayo, J. (2018). La trama en la Ciudad Artesanal de Sèvres: síntesis de las aspiraciones de una generación. EN BLANCO. Revista de Arquitectura. 10(24):104-114. doi:10.4995/eb.2018.9147SWORD1041141024AAVV. "Cité Artisanale à Sevres, près de Paris". L'Architecture d'Aujourd'hui, n.o 118 (diciembre de 1964): 15.Avermaete, Tom. Another Modern: the Post-war Architecture and Urbanism of Candilis-Josic-Woods. Rotterdam: NAi Publishers, 2005.Avermaete, Tom. "Stem and web: A different way of Analysing, Understanding and Conceiving the city in the work of Candilis josic Woods". En Team 10 : between modernity and the everyday. Delft: TU Delft, 2003.Candilis, Georges. "Les trames directionelles et leur utilisation". Architecture d'Aujourd'hui, no 144 (junio de 1969): 62-63.Chaljub, Bénédicte. Alexis Josic, architectures, trames, figures. Paris: L' Oeil d'Or, 2013.Colomina, Beatriz. Privacy and Publicity: Modern Architecture as Mass Media. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1994.Cortés, Juan Antonio. Historia de la retícula en el siglo XX. De la estructura dom-ino a los comienzos de los años setenta. Valladolid: UVA, 2013.Domingo Calabuig, Débora, y Raúl Castellanos Gómez. "Obra abierta: Del pensamiento al proyecto". Palimpsesto 7 (2013): 10-11.Drew, Philip. Third Generation: The Changing Meaning of Architecture. London: Pall Mall Press, 1972.Emery, Marc, y Patrice Goulet. Guide architecture en France 1945-1983. Paris: Groupe Expansion, 1983.Joedicke, Jürgen. Candilis-Josic-Woods: una década de arquitectura y urbanismo. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili, 1968.Lucan, Jacques. "L'antimonumentalisme: des trames aux proliferants". En France Architecture 1965-1988. Paris: Electa, 1989

Leslie Martin y la ciencia de la forma urbana

El modo de entender los ámbitos de la teoría y la práctica arquitectónica a partir del desarrollo de métodos basados en principios matemáticos o modelos geométricos con una clara voluntad científica determinó una forma de concebir la ciudad a partir de los años 60 y 70. La vigencia de éstos manifiesta la importancia de revisar una tradición que sirve como sustento para la práctica actual así como para futuras investigaciones sobre la forma en arquitectura