Avaliação do diagnóstico de depressão realizado por médicos da Atenção Primária à Saúde de Anápolis

Saúde mental e depressão têm sido amplamente discutidas no mundo devido às suasincidências e prevalência, bem como seus efeitos sociais, econômicos e biológicos.No Brasil, a prevalência de depressão atinge, aproximadamente, 17% em toda a população e, através da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), essa prevalência pode chegar a 29,5% que mostra o quanto esse nível de atenção é fundamental para um diagnóstico e uma conduta correta (MOLINA et al,2012). Para que isso ocorra faz-se necessário não só o uso de instrumentos de pesquisa clínica já validados, mas também a capacitação dos profissionais que os aplicarão.Tendo em vista essa prevalência e a importância de um diagnóstico preciso para que o paciente seja devidamente manejado, este trabalho tem o objetivo de verificar quais são os critérios utilizados para diagnosticar esses transtornos e qual o aporte teórico dos médicos sobre os instrumentos que elejeram para realizar os diagnósticos na Atenção Primária à Saúde em Anápolis. Para realizar esse levantamento de critérios diagnósticos será aplicado um questionário aos médicos das Equipes de Saúde da Família, que concordarem em participar da pesquisa, contendo campos com os instrumentos de diagnóstico e com os motivos pelos quais esse foi utilizado. Esperamos encontrar um quadro de diagnóstico falho, tanto subdiagnóstico como superdiagnóstico, de depressão na Atenção Primária como descrito pela Sociedade Brasileira de Psiquiatria, e também, como motivo para tais resultados, a falha na Educação Superior e continuada do Profissional atuante na APS

S-Nitroso-N-Acetylcysteine Ameliorates Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury In The Steatotic Liver

BACKGROUND: Steatosis is currently the most common chronic liver disease and it can aggravate ischemia-reperfusion (IR) lesions. We hypothesized that S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (SNAC), an NO donor component, can ameliorate cell damage from IR injury. In this paper, we report the effect of SNAC on liver IR in rats with normal livers compared to those with steatotic livers. METHODS: Thirty-four rats were divided into five groups: I (n=8), IR in normal liver; II (n=8), IR in normal liver with SNAC; III (n=9), IR in steatotic liver; IV (n=9), IR in steatotic liver with SNAC; and V (n=10), SHAN. Liver steatosis was achieved by administration of a protein-free diet. A SNAC solution was infused intraperitoneally for one hour, beginning 30 min. after partial (70%) liver ischemia. The volume of solution infused was 1 ml/100 g body weight. The animals were sacrificed four hours after reperfusion, and the liver and lung were removed for analysis. We assessed hepatic histology, mitochondrial respiration, oxidative stress (MDA), and pulmonary myeloperoxidase. RESULTS: All groups showed significant alterations compared with the group that received SHAN. The results from the steatotic SNAC group revealed a significant improvement in liver mitochondrial respiration and oxidative stress compared to the steatotic group without SNAC. No difference in myeloperoxidase was observed. Histological analysis revealed no difference between the non-steatotic groups. However, the SNAC groups showed less intraparenchymal hemorrhage than groups without SNAC (p=0.02). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that SNAC effectively protects against IR injury in the steatotic liver but not in the normal liver

Thrombotic risk in children with COVID-19 infection: A systematic review of the literature

Objective: Coagulation and inflammatory parameters are mildly altered in children with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection, and laboratory evidence of a proinflammatory and procoagulant state has been noted in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). It is not clear whether this pediatric condition is related to thrombotic events. With this study we reviewed the literature for thrombotic complications in children with COVID-19 infection and MIS-C. Data sources: We searched the Medline PubMed Advanced Search Builder, Scopus, Web Of Science, and Google Scholar electronic databases (until 1 January 2021) using the medical subject headings (MeSH) terms and text words (their combinations and truncated synonyms): (THROMBOSIS OR THROMBOPHILIA) AND (CHILD OR CHILDREN OR INFANT) AND (COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2). Study eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria were children with COVID-19 or SARS-COV-2 infection. The search was limited to articles published in English. Exclusion criteria were: reviews of published studies, studies published only as abstracts, letters or conference proceedings, discussion papers, animal studies, or editorials. Results: After screening for duplicates, the initial search yielded 86 records: 12 were case reports involving 19 children; comorbidities were absent or mild in 73.7%. The most common site of thrombosis the lung (21%); the most often used drug was heparin (42%). Two studies were an international survey (n = 337 patients) and a large multicenter study (n = 186 patients with MIS-C). The risk of ischemic stroke in SARS-CoV-2 infection (0.82%) and deep venous thrombosis in MIS-C (4.3%) was lower in children than in adults. Conclusions: Thrombodic or thromboembolic events are rare in pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection and MIS-C. Nonetheless, as in adults, a high index of suspicion should be maintained in children with COVID-19 infection or MIS-C, particularly in those with comorbidities predisposing to thrombotic events

Crystallization Of Parafins, Formation Of Organogels And Flow In Pipelines [cristalização De Parafinas, Formação De Organogéis E Escoamento Em Oleodutos]

The phase behavior of binary and tertiary mixtures of the paraffins C 10, C 21, C 25, C 28, C 32, C 36, and C 40 were studied using polarized light microscopy, differential scan calorimetry (DSC), XRD, and viscosimetry. Phase transition temperatures for the binary mixtures C 28/C 40, C 21/C 40, C 28/C 32, and C 21/C 25 were obtained using DSC measurements. The formation of organogels in C 10/C 21, C 10/C 28, C 10/C 36, C 10/C 40, C 10/C 21/C 28, C 10/C 21/C 40, and C 10/C 28/C 40 mixtures was confirmed using other techniques. The evidence of the formation of organogels systems allows phase diagrams to be interpreted from a new perspective that considers the important role of these systems in the transportation of oil in pipelines and its implications in the retention of large amounts of oil in the gel structure. All paraffins mixtures, considered in this work, are potentially capable of forming organogels at a given temperature and composition, except those that form solid solutions. A very important characteristic of organogels is that they do not form under shear rate. Thus, a turbulent oil flow would make it more difficult to form paraffinic organogels. On the other hand, once they have been formed organogels do not get unstructured under shear and constant oscillation and with the increase of temperature, which could make it difficult for oil to flow. Thus, the characterization of the formation of these organogels can provide new information to solve technological problems of oil flow.4601/02/152137Lopes, R.T., Valente, C.M., De Jesus, E.F.O., Camerini, C.S., Detection of paraffin deposition inside a draining tubulation by Compton scattering technique (1997) Appl. Radial. Isto., 48 (10-12), pp. 1443-1450Hammami, A., Mehrotra, A.K., Liquid-solid-solid thermal behaviour of n-C 44H 90 + n-C 50H 102 and n-C 25H 52 + n-C 28H 58 paraffinic binary mixtures (1995) Fluid Phase Equilibria, 111, pp. 253-272Becker, H.L., Kinetic model of pour-point phenomena (1991) SPE 22830Srivastava, S.P., Handoo, J., Agrawal, K.M., Joshi, G.C., Phase-transition Studies in n-alkanes and petroleum-related waxes - A review (1993) J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 54 (6), pp. 639-670Abdallah, D.J., Weiss, R.G., n-Alkanes gel n-alkanes (and many other organic liquids) (2000) Langmuir, 16, pp. 352-355Abdallah, D.J., Sirchio, S.A., Weiss, R.G., Hexatriacontane organogels. The first determination of the conformation and molecular packing of a low-molecular-mass organogelator in its gelled state (2000) Langmuir, 16, pp. 7558-7561Srivastava, S.P., Saxena, A.K., Tandon, R.S., Shekher, V., Measurement and prediction of solubility of petroleum waxes in organic solvents (1997) Fuel, 76 (7), pp. 625-630Courchinoux, R., Use of the "shape factors" as an empirical method to determine the actual characteristic temperatures of binary phase diagrams by differential scanning calorimetry (1988) Thermochem. Acta, 128, pp. 45-53Courchinoux, R., Du signal aux phénomènes: Une approche pratique pour l'établissement des diagrammes de phases par analyse thermique (1989) J. Chim. Phys., 86, pp. 561-593Giordani, D.S., (1996) Estudo do Equilíbrio de Fases Sólido-Líquido em Sistemas Modelo de Hidrocarbonetos de Alto Peso Molecular, , Dissertação de Mestrado, UNICAMP - SP, 134

Effect of cooling procedure on final denture base adaptation

Well-fitted dentures prevent hyperplasic lesions, provide chewing efficiency and promote patient's comfort. Several factors may affect final adaptation of dentures, as the type of the acrylic resin, the flask cooling procedure and the water uptake. This investigation evaluated the effect of water storage and two different cooling procedures [bench cooling (BC) for 2 h; running water (RW) at 20 degreesC for 45 min] on the final adaptation of denture bases. A heat-cured acrylic resin (CL, Classico, Classico Artigos Odontologicos) and two microwave-cured acrylic resins [Acron MC, (AC) GC Dent. Ind. Corp.; Onda Cryl (OC), Classico Artigos Odontologicos] were used to make the bases. Adaptation was assessed by measuring the weight of an intervening layer of silicone impression material between the base and the master die. Data was submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (0.05). The following means were found: (BC) CL=0.72 +/- 0.03 a; AC=0.70 +/- 0.03 b; OC=0.76 +/- 0.04 c//(RW) CL= 1.00 +/- 0.11 a; AC=1.00 +/- 0.12 a; OC=0.95 +/- 0.10 a. Different labels join groups that are not statistically different (P > 0.05). Comparisons are made among groups submitted to the same cooling procedure (BC or RW). The conclusions are: interaction of type of material and cooling procedure had a statistically significant effect on the final adaptation of the denture bases (P 0.05) on the final adaptation

A new experimental model for inducing interstitial cystitis by oxidative stress using bladder instillation of a nitric oxide donor gel

Purpose: The aim of this study is to develop a new experimental model of inducing interstitial cystitis (IC) through vesical instillation of a polymeric solution containing the NO donor S-nitrousglutathione (GSNO) and to compare it to the experimental interstitial cystitis induced by vesical instillation of protamine and potassium chloride. Material and method: For that purpose 40 female Wistar rats were used, divided in four groups: 1. saline solution + GSNO; 2. saline solution + polymeric solution (without GNSO); 3. protamine sulphate + KCl; 4. protamine sulphate + GSNO. The rats received one application (5 animals) or 3 applications (5 animals) of the corresponding substance through intravesical instillation, and after 6 days (5 animals) or 9 days (5 animals) they were euthanized and their bladders were removed for macroscopic evaluation and histological study. Results: In the macroscopic evaluation we observed edema and hyperemia of the mucosa in 2 (22%) of the animals in group 1, in 0 (0%) of the animals in group 2, in 10 (100%) of the animals in group 3, and in 5 (50%) of the animals in group 4. In the protamine + KCl group and in saline + GSNO similar effects were observed on the bladder wall. The animals in group 2 (saline + polymeric) showed vascular congestion, significantly smaller than the rest after 9 days instillations (p = 0.0035). Significant increased fibrosis was observed after instillations in groups 3 and 4, after 6 days (p = 0.3781) and 9 days (p = 0.0459) respectively, when compared to control (group 2). All groups presented neutrophilic infiltrate of variable intensity 6 days after instillations (p = 0.7277). After 9 days, there was a regression of the infiltrate, with no evidence of accentuated neutrophilic reaction in all the groups (p = 0.2301). Conclusion: The inflammatory response to bladder instillation of an aqueous solution of S-nitrousglutathione was very similar to that induced by bladder instillation of protamine and KCl. Instillation of an aqueous solution of GSNO can be considered a new model for experimental induction of interstitial cystitis. (C) 2010 AEU. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L. All rights reserved.35525325