Finding STSE Education: supervised internship in sciences in a Municipal School from São Paulo state countryside

Um importante elemento de coerência na formação de professores é a compatibilidade entre aquilo que se aprende na universidade e o que pode ser observado durante os estágios supervisionados, o que nem sempre acontece devido à divergência de teorias adotadas nos cursos de graduação e nas práticas pedagógicas nas escolas. Neste artigo são exploradas as experiências no Estágio Supervisionado com temática da Educação CTSA (Ciências, Tecnologia, Sociedade e Ambiente) e suas interseções com a Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica (PHC). O estágio foi realizado nos 7os e 8os anos do Ensino Fundamental, acompanhando um professor monitor que segue a pedagogia materialista. Durante as observações, foram feitas anotações baseadas em evidências para a análise. O estagiário também realizou uma regência. Foram realizadas uma análise dos resultados do estágio e uma análise da articulação da aula do professor com os eixos da ênfase CTSA. Apesar das diferenças entre a Educação CTSA e a PHC, o professor monitor consegue inserir conteúdos CTSA em suas aulas através de suas explicações e demais atividades. Sobre a regência, foi concluído que permaneceram algumas distorções conceituais, que poderiam ser superadas caso o estagiário fosse responsável por uma sequência de aulas, podendo dar continuidade com o ensino e a aprendizagem.An important element of coherence in teacher education is the compatibility between what is taught in university and what can be seen in schools during the supervised internship, which can not happen due to divergence of the theories adopted in the undergraduate courses and the pedagogical practices, sometimes, incompatibles. This study aims to describe the experiences in the Supervised Internship with the STSE Education (Science, Technology, Society and Environment) and its intersections with the Critical-Historical Pedagogy (CHP). The internship took place in the 7th and 8th year of the Elementary School, following the classes of a teacher that bases his classes in the materialist pedagogy. The intern took notes based on evidence and taught a class. The intern intended to analyze its own regency and the relations among the classes of the teacher and the axes of the STSE current. Despite the differences between STSE and CHP, the teacher was able to approach STSE subjects in his explanations and in other activities. The intern´s class made it possible to conclude that the students´ misconceptions persisted, what could probably be solved if he was responsible for a sequence of classes, in which the contents could be revised

The Parental Concerns Questionnaire: A Brief Screening Instrument for Potentially Severe Behavior Problems in Infants and Toddlers At-Risk for Developmental Delays

The Parental Concerns Questionnaire (PCQ) was designed as a parent-interview screening instrument for young children with developmental concerns at risk for potentially severe behavior problems (SBDs). Parents of 262 young children (4 to 48 months) answered to the 15 dichotomous PCQ items interviewed by trained staff. Cluster analysis for items revealed three item clusters, which we labeled Developmental/Social (8 items), Biomedical (3 items), and Behavior Problems (3 items). This paper discussed primarily the Behavior Problems cluster, with items referring to self-injurious, aggressive, and destructive behaviors. Parents' concerns about behavior problems were high, with item-endorsements of the Behavior Problems cluster ranging from 41.8 % to 68.8 %. The Behavior Problems cluster was significantly correlated with all three subscales of the Behavior Problems Inventory (BPI-01), with select subscales of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), and with the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R) providing some evidence for concurrent validity. Sensitivity and specificity data were computed for the three PCQ items as well as for the cluster score in comparison with the BPI-01, ABC, and RBS-R showing strong sensitivity. The PCQ Behavior Problems cluster is a useful screening checklist with high sensitivity for potential SBDs in young children at-risk for developmental delays

Intervenção precoce à distância e acompanhamento por familiares de crianças e bebês em situação de risco de problemas de desenvolvimento e de comportamento agressivo no Peru

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X9946A major barrier to meeting the needs of low-income children and families with disabilities is distance from a center providing the diagnostics and treatment. In the U.S. several innovative ways of overcoming this difficulty have emerged, e.g. Call-In, Come-In Services in a Pediatric Psychology Practice, diagnostics and consultation via telemedicine, use of the Internet for webcasting conferences, library resources over the Internet, etc. These services are not yet available in many developing countries or in rural areas of the U.S., however.  We report below an inexpensive and effective method of early distance intervention using workshops every two months and monthly telephone follow-up at the Centro Ann Sullivan del Peru in Lima, Peru. While many poor families may not have regular access to radio, television, or the Internet, we and others (Bigelow, Carta, & LeFever, 2008) have found that almost all have cell phones, and they can be followed regularly. In our project on early prevention of severe aggression, self-injury, and stereotyped behavior among infants and toddlers at risk for developmental disabilities, monthly telephone follow-up attendance remained high throughout the one-year follow-up period (92%), while family attendance at the six bi-monthly workshops dropped off (75% to 28%). Mean BPI frequency scores decreased significantly over the year. BPI scores were significantly higher, and they decreased more in the high-attendance group than in the low-attendance group.  Family stress was reduced by 65%. Consumer satisfaction was 98%.A very similar workshop package has been given to many orphanages and to remote areas in Peru, where there is not any kind of education about disabilities and where parents have to be the best teachers. Having such tools gives them knowledge of what their children can achieve, so they would not relinquish them to government orphanages.  http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X9946A maior barreira para atender às necessidades de crianças com deficiência de baixa renda e suas famílias é a distância suas casas e um centro que ofereça diagnóstico e tratamento. Nos EUA várias maneiras inovadoras para superar essa dificuldade surgiram. Por exemplo, o Call-In, Come-In serviços em prática de Psicologia pediátrica, diagnóstico e consulta através de telemedicina, o uso da Internet para conferências, recursos de biblioteca através da Internet, etc. No entanto, estes serviços ainda não estão disponíveis em muitos países em desenvolvimento ou em áreas rurais os EUA. Apresentamos a seguir um método barato e eficaz de intervenção precoce à distância utilizando oficinas a cada dois meses e acompanhamento mensal por telefone no Centro Ann Sullivan do Peru, em Lima. Enquanto muitas famílias pobres não têm acesso regular à rádio, televisão ou da Internet, nós e outros (Bigelow, Carta, e LeFever, 2008) evidenciamos que quase todas as famílias têm telefones celulares, e elas podem ser acompanhados regularmente através dos mesmos. Em nosso projeto para prevenção precoce de agressão grave, autoagressão e comportamento estereotipado, entre as crianças e bebês em situação de risco de vir a apresentar um desenvolvimento atípico, o atendimento por telefone para acompanhamento mensal manteve-se em nível elevado durante todo o período de seguimento de um ano (92%), enquanto atendimento às famílias nas seis oficinas bimestrais teve uma queda (de 75% para 28%). Os escores médios de freqüência BPI diminuíram significativamente ao longo do ano. Pontuações BPI foram significativamente elevadas, e diminuíram mais no grupo de alta freqüência que no grupo de baixo comparecimento. Estresse familiar foi reduzido em 65% e a satisfação dos consumidores foi de 98%. Um pacote de oficinas muito semelhante foi dado em diversos orfanatos de áreas remotas no Peru, onde não há qualquer tipo de educação sobre deficiência e onde os pais têm de ser os melhores professores. Ter essas ferramentas lhes dá conhecimento daquilo que os seus filhos podem alcançar, de modo que eles não venham a abandoná-los nos orfanatos do governo

Relação entre genética da transmissão e genética molecular: como a biologia contemporânea interpreta os caracteres dominantes e recessivos de Gregor Mendel?

A explicação bioquímica da dominância permite a reinterpretação do fenômeno e da relação entre a genética da transmissão e a genética molecular. O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir sobre as explicações de dominância e recessividade a partir da proposta de Mendel, e como a genética molecular contemporânea contribuiu nesse sentido. Para tanto, considerar-se-á alguns autores que, no século XX, procuraram explicar o fenômeno bem como aspectos referentes à articulação entre genética da transmissão e genética molecular na interpretação da dominância. O artigo tratará de explicações para a dominância em dois níveis, o fenotípico (original de Mendel) e o molecular, visando mostrar que, sob o enfoque epistemológico, elas não tratam do mesmo fenômeno, isto é, são conhecimentos distintos e que historicamente se mesclaram

El proceso de administración estratégica en la pequeña empresa: estudio de caso múltiple de pequeñas empresas exportadoras del sector textil de Lima Metropolitana

La presente investigación nace con el objetivo de conocer, describir y analizar cómo se administra estratégicamente en las pequeñas empresas exportadoras del sector textil de Lima Metropolitana. En ese sentido, el estudio contribuirá a entender y comprender cómo se da la administración estratégica, en las pequeñas empresas seleccionadas y las dificultades que pueden surgir en este proceso. Además, se recomiendan nuevas líneas de investigación a partir de los resultados obtenidos. La metodología empleada en la investigación ha sido cualitativa, descriptiva y de estudio de caso múltiple de 10 pequeñas empresas exportadoras de Lima Metropolitana. La recolección de información fue realizada a través de entrevistas a profundidad semi estructuradas a los dueños de las empresas, que eran los encargados de la administración estratégica. Posteriormente, la información recopilada fue analizada a través del programa ATLAS. ti 7. A partir de la investigación, se identificó que las pequeñas empresas estudiadas presentan indicios de Administración Estratégica; sin embargo, esta posee características propias en términos de uso de herramientas, formalidad e intuición. Además, se encontraron algunas características propias del empresario y de la empresa que podrían explicar estos indicios, tales como la educación del dueño, la participación en capacitaciones del Estado, la motivación del dueño y la estabilidad empresarial. Por último, se recogió que las principales dificultades que se presentan a los pequeños empresarios en la aplicación de la Administración Estratégica están relacionadas a falta de tiempo, desconocimiento, pensamiento a corto plazo, compromiso de los trabajadores y elaboración de indicadores de control.Tesi

Risk Factors for Self-Injury, Aggression, and Stereotyped Behavior Among Young Children At Risk for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Before the 1990s, research on the early identification and prevention of severe behavior disorders (SBDs), such as aggression, self-injury, and stereotyped behavior, among young children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), was mostly done with children 3 years or older. More recent work suggests that signs of SBDs may occur as early as 6 months in some infants. The present study combined a cross-sectional and longitudinal approach to examine SBDs in 180 young children aged 4–48 months recruited through mass screening, then receiving an interdisciplinary evaluation and six-month follow-ups for one year. Twelve potential risk factors related to SBDs were examined. Eight of these risk factors, including age, gender, diagnosis, intellectual and communication levels, visual impairment, parent education, family income, were differentially related to scores for Aggression, SIB, and Stereotyped Behavior subscales on the Behavior Problems Inventory (BPI-01) at initial interdisciplinary evaluation. BPI-01 scores decreased over the year for 57% of the children and increased for 43%. The amount of decrease on each BPI-01 subscale varied with age, gender, and diagnosis

Impact of paracoccin gene silencing on Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Virulence

Among the endemic deep mycoses in Latin America, paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), caused by thermodimorphic fungi of the Paracoccidioides genus, is a major cause of morbidity. Disease development and its manifestations are associated with both host and fungal factors. Concerning the latter, several recent studies have employed the methodology of gene modulation in P. brasiliensis using antisense RNA (AsRNA) and Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) to identify proteins that influence fungus virulence. Our previous observations suggested that paracoccin (PCN), a multidomain fungal protein with both lectin and enzymatic activities, may be a potential P. brasiliensis virulence factor. To explore this, we used AsRNA and ATMT methodology to obtain three independent PCN-silenced P. brasiliensis yeast strains (AsPCN1, AsPCN2, and AsPCN3) and characterized them with regard to P. brasiliensis biology and pathogenicity. AsPCN1, AsPCN2, and AsPCN3 showed relative PCN expression levels that were 60%, 40%, and 60% of that of the wild-type (WT) strain, respectively. PCN silencing led to the aggregation of fungal cells, blocked the morphological yeast-to-mycelium transition, and rendered the yeast less resistant to macrophage fungicidal activity. In addition, mice infected with AsPCN1, AsPCN2, and AsPCN3 showed a reduction in fungal burden of approximately 96% compared with those inoculated with the WT strain, which displayed a more extensive destruction of lung tissue. Finally, mice infected with the PCN-silenced yeast strains had lower mortality than those infected with the WT strain. These data demonstrate that PCN acts as a P. brasiliensis contributory virulence factor directly affecting fungal pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE The nonexistence of efficient genetic transformation systems has hampered studies in the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, the etiological agent of the most frequent systemic mycosis in Latin America. The recent development of a method for gene expression knockdown by antisense RNA technology, associated with an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system, provides new strategies for studying P. brasiliensis. Through this technology, we generated yeasts that were silenced for paracoccin (PCN), a P. brasiliensis component that has lectin and enzymatic properties. By comparing the phenotypes of PCN-silenced and wild-type strains of P. brasiliensis, we identified PCN as a virulence factor whose absence renders the yeasts unable to undergo the transition to mycelium and causes a milder pulmonary disease in mice, with a lower mortality rate. Our report highlights the importance of the technology used for P. brasiliensis transformation and demonstrates that paracoccin is a virulence factor acting on fungal biology and pathogenesis.This work had financial support from the following agencies: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo – FAPESP (2016/00629-4, 2014/05359-0, 2012/08552-0, 2014/22561-7, 2012/09611-0, 2016/04877-2, 2016/60642-2, and 2013/04088-0); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq (150036/2014-0, 477161/2008-1, and 475357/2013-2); Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos – FINEP (0110045900); Ministry of Education and Science – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia – FCT (SFRH/BPD/96176/2013 and IF/00735/2014)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Recognition of N-Glycans by the Lectin ArtinM Mediates Cell Death of a Human Myeloid Leukemia Cell Line

ArtinM, a d-mannose-binding lectin from Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit), interacts with N-glycosylated receptors on the surface of several cells of hematopoietic origin, triggering cell migration, degranulation, and cytokine release. Because malignant transformation is often associated with altered expression of cell surface glycans, we evaluated the interaction of ArtinM with human myelocytic leukemia cells and investigated cellular responses to lectin binding. The intensity of ArtinM binding varied across 3 leukemia cell lines: NB4>K562>U937. The binding, which was directly related to cell growth suppression, was inhibited in the presence of Manα1-3(Manα1-6)Manβ1, and was reverted in underglycosylated NB4 cells. ArtinM interaction with NB4 cells induced cell death (IC50 = 10 µg/mL), as indicated by cell surface exposure of phosphatidylserine and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential unassociated with caspase activation or DNA fragmentation. Moreover, ArtinM treatment of NB4 cells strongly induced reactive oxygen species generation and autophagy, as indicated by the detection of acidic vesicular organelles in the treated cells. NB4 cell death was attributed to ArtinM recognition of the trimannosyl core of N-glycans containing a ß1,6-GlcNAc branch linked to α1,6-mannose. This modification correlated with higher levels of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V transcripts in NB4 cells than in K562 or U937 cells. Our results provide new insights into the potential of N-glycans containing a β1,6-GlcNAc branch linked to α1,6-mannose as a novel target for anti-leukemia treatment

Lipidomic Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles from the Pathogenic Phase of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Background: Fungal extracellular vesicles are able to cross the cell wall and transport molecules that help in nutrient acquisition, cell defense, and modulation of the host defense machinery.Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we present a detailed lipidomic analysis of extracellular vesicles released by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis at the yeast pathogenic phase. We compared data of two representative isolates, Pb3 and Pb18, which have distinct virulence profiles and phylogenetic background. Vesicle lipids were fractionated into different classes and analyzed by either electrospray ionization- or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We found two species of monohexosylceramide and 33 phospholipid species, including phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylglycerol. Among the phospholipid-bound fatty acids in extracellular vesicles, C181 predominated in Pb3, whereas C18:2 prevailed in Pb18. the prevalent sterol in Pb3 and Pb18 vesicles was brassicasterol, followed by ergosterol and lanosterol. Inter-isolate differences in sterol composition were observed, and also between extracellular vesicles and whole cells.Conclusions/Significance: the extensive lipidomic analysis of extracellular vesicles from two P. brasiliensis isolates will help to understand the composition of these fungal components/organelles and will hopefully be useful to study their biogenesis and role in host-pathogen interactions.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)National Institutes of Health (NIH)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Microbiol Imunol & Parasitol, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Texas El Paso, Dept Biol Sci, Border Biomed Res Ctr, El Paso, TX 79968 USAUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Microbiol Imunol & Parasitol, São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 06/05095-6FAPESP: 07/04757-8FAPESP: 07/59768-4CNPq: 301666/2010-5National Institutes of Health (NIH): 5G12RR008124-16A1National Institutes of Health (NIH): 5G12RR008124-16A1S1National Institutes of Health (NIH): G12MD007592Web of Scienc