La programación en matemáticas: puesta en marcha y análisis de la actividad didáctica Tic Tac de UVa Scratch en el aula

El presente trabajo de Fin de Grado muestra una propuesta didáctica llevada a cabo en un colegio concertado en la Comunidad de Madrid, con el objetivo de observar el resultado de implantar una sesión didáctica a través de la plataforma Scratch para trabajar las matemáticas de una forma motivadora. Este trabajo se ha basado en la actividad Tic Tac de la Uva Scratch, un grupo de jóvenes programadores de la UVA que aprenden a través del trabajo en equipo a programar por bloques. Además, podemos ver durante el desarrollo del trabajo escrito, una previa investigación sobre las ventajas que nos proporciona incluir las nuevas tecnologías en el aula y su utilización, como recoge el DECRETO 89/2014, de 24 de julio, del Consejo de Gobierno, por el que se establece para la Comunidad de Madrid el Currículo de la Educación Primaria.Departamento de Análisis Matemático y Didáctica MatemáticaGrado en Educación Primari

Oculocutaneous Albinism and Consanguineous Marriage among Spanish Gitanos or Calé – A Study of 83 Cases

This paper studies 83 cases of oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) in family networks of Gitanos in southeastern Spain, and analyzes their sustained inbreeding patterns and complex genealogical relationships. It is based in the family and genealogy reconstitution of the Gitano population of 22 contiguous localities using ethnographic and historical demography methods. The study found a prevalence of OCA among Gitanos in the area of about 1: 1,200. Most of the cases belong to three extended kin networks in which consanguineous marriages have been common for generations. In these networks there are other cases of visual and auditive congenital anomalies, and other birth defects such as brachydactily, polydactily, neurological defects, Potter Sequence, etc. In 61 OCA cases it was possible to trace inbreeding links with a depth of three to nine generations. For these cases the estimated alpha (average of the inbreeding coefficient, F) is 0.0222. Relationships between the parents of people affected are of three types: close, as between first or second cousins; distant, as between third or fourth cousins, and non-existent, as in mixed marriages. In most cases, however, persons with albinism are linked by multiple consanguineous links. Albinism seems to be a visible example of a high prevalence of birth defects in this minority, associated with founder effects, sustained inbreeding and high fertility rates. These conditions derive from Gitano’s marriage preferences and pronatalist strategies. In turn, these strategies have to be related to the exclusion, persecution and segregation that Spanish Gypsies have suffered for centuries

Reflections on the influence of music in education: an overview

This article of reflection not derived from research aims to dee-pen and broaden knowledge by providing the reader with an approach to the concept of brain dynamics, from which the infor-mative importance of these mechanisms in any musical interven-tion is highlighted. The general objective has been to acquire a basic knowledge of the functioning of the brain that helps to un-derstand its importance in the psychoeducational phenomena in-volved in all psychotherapeutic interventions from a musical point of view. The result is a compilation of data of great interest for the professional. Finally, it is concluded that accepting the circums-tantial moment of each patient, the individualization of the se-quence of intervention and the knowledge of the brain dynamics favors the final result.Este artículo de reflexión no derivado de investigación pretende profundizar y ampliar el conocimiento aportando una aproxima-ción al lector al concepto de la dinámica cerebral, desde la que se resalta la importancia informativa que tienen dichos mecanismos en toda intervención musical. El objetivo general ha sido adquirir un conocimiento básico del funcionamiento del cerebro que ayude a comprender su importancia en los fenómenos psicoeducativos involucrados en todas las intervenciones psicoterapéuticas desde el punto de vista musical. El resultado es una compilación de datos de gran interés para el profesional. Finalmente se concluye que aceptar el momento circunstancial de cada paciente, la individuali-zación de la secuencia de intervención y el conocimiento de la diná-mica cerebral favorece el resultado final

First bioelectronic immunoplatform for quantitative secretomic analysis of total and metastasis-driven glycosylated haptoglobin

The glycosylation status of proteins is increasingly used as biomarker to improve the reliability in the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases as relevant as cancer. This feeds the need for tools that allow its simple and reliable analysis and are compatible with applicability in the clinic. With this objective in mind, this work reports the first bioelectronic immunoplatforms described to date for the determination of glycosylated haptoglobin (Hp) and the simultaneous determination of total and glycosylated Hp. The bioelectronic immunoplatform is based on the implementation of non-competitive bioassays using two different antibodies or an antibody and a lectin on the surface of commercial magnetic microcarriers. The resulting bioconjugates are labeled with the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme, and after their magnetic capture on disposable electroplatforms, the amperometric transduction using the H2O2/hydroquinone (HQ) system allows the single or multiple detection. The developed immunoplatform achieves limits of detection (LODs) of 0.07 and 0.46 ng mL-1 for total and glycosylated Hp in buffer solution, respectively. The immunoplatform allows accurate determination using simple and relatively short protocols (approx. 75 min) of total and glycosylated Hp in the secretomes of in vitro-cultured colorectal cancer (CRC) cells with different metastatic potentials, which is not feasible, due to lack of sensitivity, by means of some commercial ELISA kits and Western blot methodology.Funding Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2019-103899RB-I00 and RTI2018-095756-B-I00), AES-ISCIII Program co-founded by FEDER funds (PI17CIII/00045 and PI20CIII/00019 grants), TRANSNANOAVANSENS-CM Program from the Comunidad de Madrid (Grant S2018/NMT-4349).S

Revealing prevalent cancers by interrogating glycoproteins with sustainable immunoelectrochemical tools

Trabajo presentado en el 4th European Biosensor Symposium, celebrado en Aquisgrán (Alemania), del 27 al 30 de agosto de 2023Introduction. The worldwide incidence and death toll of colorectal and pancreatic cancers (CRC and PDAC) have increased considerably since 1990. For this reason, both early detection and regular follow-up are considered key factors in improving patient prognosis. In this sense, the determination of the total content of specific proteins and their aberrantly glycosylated fraction in oncologic processes could help to achieve the proposed goals. Results and Discussion. In this work, two simple but highly competitive electrochemical immunoplatforms for the determination of total and glycosylated post-translational modified haptoglobin (Hp) [1], and CA19-9 [2] (candidate biomarkers associated with colorectal and pancreatic cancer, respectively) are presented. As seen in Figure 1, these biotools are uplifted in the use of magnetic immunocaptors and another antibody or a lectin as detector elements lastly labeled with HRP, which enables subsequent amperometric detection. The presented bioplatforms exhibit attractive characteristics in terms of simplicity, affordability, and point-of-care application compared to the conventional available methodologies, highlighting low detection limits (0.07 and 0.46 ng mL¿1 for total and glycosylated Hp, respectively, and 1.5 U mL¿1 for CA19-9), and short assay times (< 2 h). The workability of these quantitative bioplatforms for the analysis of secretomes from cultured CRC cells with the distinct potential to metastasize (Hp) or serum samples from healthy and PDAC-diagnosed subjects (CA19-9) was assessed to definitely confirm full exploitation of all the above exposed enticing attributes. Conclusions. Our findings clearly revealed the unquestionable ability of these modern electrochemical immunoplatforms to discriminate between healthy and cancer-diagnosed subjects, as well as to assess disease progression, positioning these simple but effective methodologies as advanced electroanalytical tools with proven real biomedical applications, and the hope of aiding in the accurate diagnosis of prevalent and high mortality cancers

Opportunities, Challenges, and Prospects in Electrochemical Biosensing of Circulating Tumor DNA and its Specific Features

Nowadays, analyzing circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), a very small part of circulating free DNA (cfDNA) carried by blood, is considered to be an interesting alternative to conventional single-site tumor tissue biopsies, both to assess tumor burden and provide a more comprehensive snapshot of the time-related and spatial heterogeneity of cancer genetic/epigenetic scenery. The determination of ctDNA and/or mapping its characteristic features, including tumor-specific mutations, chromosomal aberrations, microsatellite alterations, and epigenetic changes, are minimally invasive, powerful and credible biomarkers for early diagnosis, follow-up, prediction of therapy response/resistance, relapse monitoring, and tracking the rise of new mutant subclones, leading to improved cancer outcomes This review provides an outline of advances published in the last five years in electrochemical biosensing of ctDNA and surrogate markers. It emphasizes those strategies that have been successfully applied to real clinical samples. It highlights the unique opportunities they offer to shift the focus of cancer patient management methods from actual decision making, based on clinic-pathological features, to biomarker-driven treatment strategies, based on genotypes and customized targeted therapies. Also highlighted are the unmet hurdles and future key points to guide these devices in the development of liquid biopsy cornerstone tools in routine clinical practice for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy response monitoring in cancer patients

Biosensing and Delivery of Nucleic Acids Involving Selected Well-Known and Rising Star Functional Nanomaterials

In the last fifteen years, the nucleic acid biosensors and delivery area has seen a breakthrough due to the interrelation between the recognition of nucleic acid’s high specificity, the great sensitivity of electrochemical and optical transduction and the unprecedented opportunities imparted by nanotechnology. Advances in this area have demonstrated that the assembly of nanoscaled materials allows the performance enhancement, particularly in terms of sensitivity and response time, of functional nucleic acids’ biosensing and delivery to a level suitable for the construction of point-of-care diagnostic tools. Consequently, this has propelled detection methods using nanomaterials to the vanguard of the biosensing and delivery research fields. This review overviews the striking advancement in functional nanomaterials’ assisted biosensing and delivery of nucleic acids. We highlight the advantages demonstrated by selected well-known and rising star functional nanomaterials (metallic, magnetic and Janus nanomaterials) focusing on the literature produced in the past five years

Electrochemical immunosensing of Growth arrest‐specific 6 in human plasma and tumor cell secretomes

Growth arrest-specific 6 (GAS6) protein plays a key role in processes related toproliferation,inflammation,angiogenesis,andatheroscleroticplaqueformation.In addition, it has been reported that plasma levels of GAS6 are related to cancerprognosis and other relevant pathologies, such as heart failure or sepsis. Wereport here the first electrochemical immunoplatform for the determination ofGAS6, which has demonstrated to be competitive with other available method-ologies in terms of cost, simplicity, and decentralized application. The developedimmunoplatform involves a sandwich immunoassay using magnetic microparti-cles (MBs) and uses amperometric detection at disposable screen-printed carbonelectrodes (SPCEs). The MBs were modified with an antibody specific to GAS6for its selective capture, which is further recognized by a biotinylated secondaryantibody subsequently labeled with a streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase(Strep-HRP) conjugate. The electrochemical detection was carried out using thehydroquinone (HQ)/H2O2system. The developed bioplatform exhibits a greatselectivity and low limit of detection (27 pg/mL) that allowed the determinationof the GAS6 circulating level in plasma samples from patients suffering heartfailure (HF) and diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC),as well as the determination of the target protein in raw secretomes of humancolorectal cancer cell lines.This work is part of the POSITION-II project funded by the ECSEL Joint Undertaking under grant number Ecsel-783132-Position-II-2017-IA; www.position-2.eu, and PCI2018-093067 (Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación) to M.P. The financial support of PID2019-103899RB-I00 (Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación) Research Project to S.C., PI17CIII/00045 and PI20CIII/00019 grants from the AES-ISCIII program to R.B. and the TRANSNANOAVANSENS-CM Program from the Comunidad de Madrid (Grant S2018/NMT-4349) to S.C., RTI2018-095672-B-I00 (Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación) to P.G.F.; Fundació la Marató de TV3 project 081010 to M.B.; research project PI20/00625, from the AES-ISCIII/FEDER program, to P.N, are gratefully acknowledged. A. Montero-Calle acknowledges the support of the FPU predoctoral contracts by the Spanish Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. G.S-F. is recipient of a predoctoral contract (grant number 1193818N) supported by The Flanders Research Foundation (FWO). C. Muñoz-San Martín acknowledges a predoctoral contract from Complutense University of Madrid. R.M. Torrente-Rodríguez acknowledges a Talento-Contract from Comunidad de Madrid (2019-T2/IND-15965).S

Easily Multiplexable Immunoplatform to Assist Heart Failure Diagnosis through Amperometric Determination of Galectin-3

This work reports the first electrochemical immunoassay involving magnetic microbeads (MBs) for the determination of galectin-3 (Gal-3), a β-galactosidase-binding lectin that acts as mediator of heart failure (HF). MBs-captured sandwich-type immune complexes and amperometric detection at disposable screen-printed carbon electrodes were used. The immunoplatform showed a detection limit of 8.3 pg mL−1, good reproducibility, and excellent selectivity. The endogenous concentration of Gal-3 in human plasma from HF patients was determined with results in agreement with those obtained using ELISA. The multiplexing feasibility of the developed immunoplatform was demonstrated for the simultaneous determination of Gal-3 and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP).Fil: Piguillem Palacios, Sofía Viviana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Química de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Química de San Luis; Argentina. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: María Gamella. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: García de Frutos, Pablo. INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES BIOMEDICAS AUGUST PI I SUNYER (IDIBAPS);Fil: Batlle, Montserrat. No especifíca;Fil: Yáñez Sedeño, Paloma. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Messina, Germán Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Química de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Química de San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Fernández Baldo, Martín Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Química de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Química de San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Campuzano, Susana. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Pedrero, María. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Pingarrón, José M.. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Españ

First bioelectronic immunoplatform for quantitative secretomic analysis of total and metastasis-driven glycosylated haptoglobin

The glycosylation status of proteins is increasingly used as biomarker to improve the reliability in the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases as relevant as cancer. This feeds the need for tools that allow its simple and reliable analysis and are compatible with applicability in the clinic. With this objective in mind, this work reports the frst bioelectronic immunoplatforms described to date for the determination of glycosylated haptoglobin (Hp) and the simultaneous determination of total and glycosylated Hp. The bioelectronic immunoplatform is based on the implementation of non-competitive bioassays using two diferent antibodies or an antibody and a lectin on the surface of commercial magnetic microcarriers. The resulting bioconjugates are labeled with the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme, and after their magnetic capture on disposable electroplatforms, the amperometric transduction using the H2O2/hydroquinone (HQ) system allows the single or multiple detection. The developed immunoplatform achieves limits of detection (LODs) of 0.07 and 0.46 ng mL−1 for total and glycosylated Hp in bufer solution, respectively. The immunoplatform allows accurate determination using simple and relatively short protocols (approx. 75 min) of total and glycosylated Hp in the secretomes of in vitro–cultured colorectal cancer (CRC) cells with diferent metastatic potentials, which is not feasible, due to lack of sensitivity, by means of some commercial ELISA kits and Western blot methodology