Evolution of α-tocopherol deposition in eggs enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the evolution of α-tocopherol concentration in egg during time as a : response of dietary supplementation with 200 mg/kg diet of α-tocopheryl acetate, and the effect of dietary oil on this : parameter. Forty hens were randomly distributed into 2 treatments resulting of the supplementation of a basal diet containing 200 mg/kg α-tocopheryl acetate with 5% linseed oil or sunflower oil. α-Tocopherol concentration ofeggs was measured at 0, 4, 9, H, 19, and 50 days after inclusion of the experimental diets. α-Tocopherol concentration in egg increased after the fourth day of feeding, reaching its maximum level at 14 days (168 pg/g egg), after which it descended 10-12% until 19 days, remaining constant until 50 days (145 pg/g egg). No differences were observed between dietary oils in the deposition pattern of α-tocopherol

Effect of environmental enrichment on the body shape of the pumpkinseed

How the morphology of captive-reared fish is affected by structural enrichment in their rearing tanks is not well understood. Some studies have suggested that deficiencies in rearing environments could produce inappropriate body shape in salmonids [...

Oxidation in fresh and S1'ray-dried û)3 and to6 fatty acid enriched eggs vitamin E and cantiiaxantin

A trial with 192 laying hens was conducted to study the effect of Vitamin E and Canthaxanthin as antioxidants in w3 either w6 fatty acid (FA) enriched eggs. The animals were randomlyassigned to eight treatments resulted from the supplementation of a basal dietcontaining5% of linseed oil (L) orsunfloweroil (S) with 200 ppm ofutocopheryl acetate (LE and SE), 5ppm of Canthaxathin(LC and SC) or both (LEG and SEC). After 40 days of experimental treatment, eggs were collected and oxidation was measured by the TBA methodology (Botsoglou et al., 1994) on fresh and spray-dried eggs. On fresh eggs there were no differences in TBArs values (expressed as ng MDA/g for any of the studied factors. On spray-dried eggs, the values obtained were ó to X-fold higher than in fresh eggs. Eggs from the diets with linseed oil (26,6 % I'UFA and 10,4 % m3) showed higher values than those from diets with sunflower oil (28,0 % PUFA and 26,7 % w6) (L: 338,7 v.v. S: 248,6; P0,05). It can be concluded that w3 FA enriched eggs are more susceptible to oxidation than u6 FA enriched eggs. Supplementation with 200 ppm of Vitamin E can reduce the oxidation induced by the spray-drying process, but supplementation with 5 ppm of Canthaxanthin had no significant effect as antioxidant

Evolución de la concentración de a-tocoferol en huevos enriquecidos en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados

Aumentar el contenido en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (AGPI) a>3 del huevo no es la única posibilidad de modificar y mejorar su valor nutritivo. El enriquecimiento de los huevos en a-tocoferol asegura una mayor estabilidad a la oxidación así como un aporte extra de vitamina E en el alimento. Por ello, si bien se sabe que la concentración de a-tocoferol en huevo depende de su concentración en la dieta, es de gran interés estudiar la evolución de su depósito y, en concreto, el efecto del tipo de grasa añadida a la dieta

Vitamin E levels and lipid oxidation in ω3 fatty acids enriched eggs

With the aim to establish the required amount of α-tocopherol to effectively prevent lipid oxidation in w3 FA enriched eggs, a trial was conducted with 2XX laying hens. Birds were randomly assigned to four treatments resulted from supplying a basal diet containing 5% of linseed oil (diet: 65% PUFA, 34,5% m3) with 0 (C), 50 (50E), 100 (I00E) or 200 (200E) ppm of alpha-tocopherol acetate. After 25 days of feeding, eggs were collected and lipid oxidation was measured by the Induced TBArs methodologya (Kornbrust and Mavis, 19X0) and expressed as ng MDA/g egg. At 150 min of incubation, supplementation with 50, 100, or 200 ppm of Vitamin F. promoted a dramatic decrease in the TBArs values of all treatments when compared to the control group (C: 2,63 v.v. 50E: 0,47; I00E: 0,4X; 200E: 0,3X; P«).00l). Moreover, no significant differences were found according to different levels of Vitamin E supplementation. From these data, we can conclude that supplying hens' diets with 50 ppm of alphatocopherol acetate can effectively reduce the lipid oxidation in co3 FA enriched eggs

Effect of Natural Antioxidants on the Oxidative Stability of Eggs

Due to the increase in the production of co3 PUFA enriched eggs, prevention of lipid oxidation in such products became more important. Dietary supplementation with alpha-tocopherol has been reported to increase the oxidative stability of animal products (Lauridsen et al. 1997, Cherian et al. 1996)

Modificación del perfil en ácidos grasos, α-tocoferol y niveles de oxidación en huevos enriquecidos en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados Cû3 tras someterlos a diferentes procesados térmicos

Premio a la Investigación 200J del Instituto de Estudios del Huevo.El huevo es un alimento equilibrado de alto valor nutritivo. España es el cuarto país productor de huevos en la Unión Europea, y el undécimo a nivel mundial, a pesar de la disminución de consumo que se ha producido en los últimos años. Uno de los motivos que ha contribuido a esta reducción, ha sido su contenido relativamente elevado de colesterol, nutriente relacionado con la aparición de determinadas patologías cardiovasculares. Sin embargo, según datos de la OMS, los tres países industrializados con mayor consumo de huevos por habitante, Japón, Francia y España, tienen los menores índices de mortalidad por infarto de miocardio

Addressing marine restoration success: evidence of species and functional diversity recovery in a ten-year restored macroalgal forest

Active restoration actions are becoming increasingly common for the recovery of degraded ecosystems. However, establishing when an ecosystem is fully restored is rarely achieved, since the recovery of entire communities needs long-term trajectories. The lack of evidence of success is even more severe in marine ecosystems, especially in the context of macroalgal forests, where beyond the vegetation structure and species diversity there is no approximation determining the recovery of the overall functionality. Trait-based ecology facilitates the link between species composition and ecosystem functions and processes. In this study, we used a trait-based approach to assess functional recovery ten years after the start of a restoration action in a marine macroalgal forest. Species and functional diversity were compared among the restored locality, a nearby locality where the expansion of the restoration is naturally occurring, a neighbouring non-restored locality (at a distance of a few meters), and the only two remaining localities dominated by the same structural macroalga that were used as reference (non-perturbed). Species diversity and composition of the restored locality were similar to those found in reference macroalgal forests, while the non-restored and expansion locality showed different species composition and lower species diversity. Functional richness was 4-fold higher in the restored locality than in the non-restored one, even surpassing one reference macroalgal locality. The restored locality showed a greater number of trait categories, especially traits related to higher structural complexity and longer life spans, indicating changes in ecosystem functions and processes. The restoration of a canopy-forming macroalga is the first step to achieving the recovery of an entire macroalgal forest (i.e., associated species and functional diversity). The application of traditional taxonomical indices plus functional parameters provides useful insights into the assessment of the success of restoration actions at the community level, emerging as a promising approach to be replicated and contrasted in other marine and terrestrial ecosystems

Assessing the expansion and success of a restored population of Gongolaria barbata (Stackhouse) Kuntze (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) using high-precision positioning tools and size distribution frequencies

Ongoing human pressures over recent decades have caused the loss and ensuing impoverishment of the complexity and diversity of Mediterranean habitats dominated by algal species of the order Fucales. Gongolaria barbata, a habitat-forming Fucales species that has disappeared in several places across the Mediterranean, was reintroduced in a cove (Cala Teulera, Maó Bay, Menorca) where it was known to have been locally extinct for more than 40 years. Reintroduction was performed in 2011 using innovative non-destructive techniques. Here we describe the expansion patterns of the population ten years after its reintroduction, and we look at the size-structure distribution of the restored population compared to one of the only natural populations known in Spain (Fornells Bay, Menorca). Newly settled individuals exhibit a progressive dispersal pattern from restoration sites, favouring rocky substrates at the shallowest level parallel to the shore. The area occupied by G. barbata has increased by almost three orders of magnitude in ten years, from approximately 3.6 m2 of the initially restored area to a current restored area of 2093 m2. Recruits and juveniles dominate the restored population but some individuals have reached large size classes, the overall size distribution resembling the reference population. The high-resolution cartography included in our study enables an accurate mid to long-term assessment of the expansion of G. barbata. Incorporating such tools in restored marine forests would facilitate the implementation of efficient management policies that will help reinforce their conservation.Funding was provided by IEO (“Mola-Menorca Dos Project”, financed by the Direcció General de Recerca del Govern de les Illes Balears through the European Regional Development Fund)

A Roadmap for the Restoration of Mediterranean Macroalgal Forests

Canopy-forming macroalgae play a crucial role in coastal primary production and nutrient cycling, providing food, shelter, nurseries, and habitat for many vertebrate and invertebrate species. However, macroalgal forests are in decline in various places and natural recovery is almost impossible when populations become locally extinct. Hence, active restoration emerges as the most promising strategy to rebuild disappeared forests. In this regard, significant efforts have been made by several EU institutions to research new restoration tools for shallow and mesophotic reef habitats (e.g., MERCES EU project, AFRIMED, and ROCPOP-life) and effective techniques have subsequently been proposed to promote self-sustaining populations. Recent research indicates that macroalgal forest recovery requires a broad spectrum of measures, ranging from mitigating human impacts to restoring the most degraded populations and habitats, and that the viability of large restoration actions is compromised by ongoing human pressures (e.g., pollution, overgrazing, and climate change). We propose a roadmap for Mediterranean macroalgal restoration to assist researchers and stakeholders in decision-making, considering the most effective methods in terms of cost and costeffectiveness, and taking background environmental conditions and potential threats into account. Last, the challenges currently faced by the restoration of rocky coastal ecosystems under changing climate conditions are also discussed