IPv6 Ingress filtering in a multihoming environment

International audienceThis paper proposes to solve the ingress filtering issue in an IPv6 multihomed edge network with the Selection of the Default-route according to the Source Address of a packet

The Role of Teashirt in Proximal Leg Development in Drosophila: Ectopic teashirt Expression Reveals Different Cell Behaviours in Ventral and Dorsal Domains

AbstractLocalised transcription factors specify the identity of developmental domains. Here we analyse the function of the Teashirt zinc finger protein, which is expressed in the proximal domain of the Drosophila leg. By ectopic expression of a teashirt transgene we show that Teashirt contributes to the differences in cell–cell adhesion between proximal and distal leg cells. Whereas clones of cells expressing the teashirt transgene survive in the endogenous Teashirt domain, most cells expressing Teashirt in an ectopic distal position are lost from the epithelium. In clones which were recovered in the distal domain, different effects were seen dependent on position with respect to the dorsal–ventral axis. In the ventral region, where Wingless is signalling, surviving clones express Teashirt and cause abnormalities in the adult leg. Contrarily, lateral and dorsal clones generally do not accumulate Teashirt and have no effect on patterning. One exception to the differential dorsal–ventral effects occurs at the boundary between Teashirt-expressing and -nonexpressing cells. Both ectopic and hypomorphic loss of teashirt affects patterning at all positions at the boundary, suggesting that Teashirt plays a crucial role in boundary formation. The results are discussed with respect to the roles of transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms in proximal–distal axis patterning of the Drosophila legs

120 Superiority of CT scan over transthoracic echocardiography in predicting aortic regurgitation after TAVI

BackgroundParavalvular aortic regurgitation (AR) occurs in up to 86% of patients undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI). Its prevalence remains unchanged after one year follow-up but its determinants are unclear. We sought to evaluate the impact of annulus measurement by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and by CT scan on the occurrence of AR.MethodsThe study included 43 symptomatic patients (83±8 years, 72% in NYHA≥III) with severe aortic stenosis [0.76±0.19cm2, mean gradient 42±14mmHg] who underwent TAVI using CoreValve® LLC Percutaneous Aortic Valve Implantation System, Medtronic, Minneapolis USA. Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) area was computed from LVOT diameter (21±2mm) by TTE using a spherical model and from CT using an ellipsoidal model according to the larger (25±3mm) and the smaller outflow tract diameters (22±3mm). These data were compared to the prosthesis area and the occurrence of AR after TAVI.ResultsIn patients with AR greater or equal to 2/4 (32%), LVOT area measured by CT was significantly greater as compared to patients with no or mild AR (478±65mm 2 vs. 411±85mm2, p=0.009). Furthermore, the difference between actual prosthesis area and LVOT area measured by CT scan was significantly smaller (113±55 vs. 171±67, p=0.009) in patients with significant AR (≥2/4) after TAVI. In contrast, LVOT area from TTE did not correlate with AR severity.ConclusionCT scan is more accurate than TTE for calculating LVOT area for prosthesis sizing before TAVI in order to avoid post-implantation AR

Interstitial Lung Abnormalities Detected by CT in Asbestos-Exposed Subjects Are More Likely Associated to Age

OBJECTIVE: the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between interstitial lung abnormalities, asbestos exposure and age in a population of retired workers previously occupationally exposed to asbestos. METHODS: previously occupationally exposed former workers to asbestos eligible for a survey conducted between 2003 and 2005 in four regions of France, underwent chest CT examinations and pulmonary function testing. Industrial hygienists evaluated asbestos exposure and calculated for each subject a cumulative exposure index (CEI) to asbestos. Smoking status information was also collected in this second round of screening. Expert radiologists performed blinded independent double reading of chest CT-scans and classified interstitial lung abnormalities into: no abnormality, minor interstitial findings, interstitial findings inconsistent with UIP, possible or definite UIP. In addition, emphysema was assessed visually (none, minor: emphysema 50% of the lung). Logistic regression models adjusted for age and smoking were used to assess the relationship between interstitial lung abnormalities and occupational asbestos exposure. RESULTS: the study population consisted of 2157 male subjects. Interstitial lung abnormalities were present in 365 (16.7%) and emphysema in 444 (20.4%). Significant positive association was found between definite or possible UIP pattern and age (OR adjusted =1.08 (95% CI: 1.02-1.13)). No association was found between interstitial abnormalities and CEI or the level of asbestos exposure. CONCLUSION: presence of interstitial abnormalities at HRCT was associated to aging but not to cumulative exposure index in this cohort of former workers previously occupationally exposed to asbestos

Deep Learning for the Automatic Quantification of Pleural Plaques in Asbestos-Exposed Subjects

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop and validate an automated artificial intelligence (AI)-driven quantification of pleural plaques in a population of retired workers previously occupationally exposed to asbestos. METHODS: CT scans of former workers previously occupationally exposed to asbestos who participated in the multicenter APEXS (Asbestos PostExposure Survey) study were collected retrospectively between 2010 and 2017 during the second and the third rounds of the survey. A hundred and forty-one participants with pleural plaques identified by expert radiologists at the 2nd and the 3rd CT screenings were included. Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP) with 5 mm thickness was used to reduce the number of CT slices for manual delineation. A Deep Learning AI algorithm using 2D-convolutional neural networks was trained with 8280 images from 138 CT scans of 69 participants for the semantic labeling of Pleural Plaques (PP). In all, 2160 CT images from 36 CT scans of 18 participants were used for AI testing versus ground-truth labels (GT). The clinical validity of the method was evaluated longitudinally in 54 participants with pleural plaques. RESULTS: The concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) between AI-driven and GT was almost perfect (>0.98) for the volume extent of both PP and calcified PP. The 2D pixel similarity overlap of AI versus GT was good (DICE = 0.63) for PP, whether they were calcified or not, and very good (DICE = 0.82) for calcified PP. A longitudinal comparison of the volumetric extent of PP showed a significant increase in PP volumes (p < 0.001) between the 2nd and the 3rd CT screenings with an average delay of 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: AI allows a fully automated volumetric quantification of pleural plaques showing volumetric progression of PP over a five-year period. The reproducible PP volume evaluation may enable further investigations for the comprehension of the unclear relationships between pleural plaques and both respiratory function and occurrence of thoracic malignancy

A Genome-Wide RNAi Screen Identifies Regulators of Cholesterol-Modified Hedgehog Secretion in Drosophila

Hedgehog (Hh) proteins are secreted molecules that function as organizers in animal development. In addition to being palmitoylated, Hh is the only metazoan protein known to possess a covalently-linked cholesterol moiety. The absence of either modification severely disrupts the organization of numerous tissues during development. It is currently not known how lipid-modified Hh is secreted and released from producing cells. We have performed a genome-wide RNAi screen in Drosophila melanogaster cells to identify regulators of Hh secretion. We found that cholesterol-modified Hh secretion is strongly dependent on coat protein complex I (COPI) but not COPII vesicles, suggesting that cholesterol modification alters the movement of Hh through the early secretory pathway. We provide evidence that both proteolysis and cholesterol modification are necessary for the efficient trafficking of Hh through the ER and Golgi. Finally, we identified several putative regulators of protein secretion and demonstrate a role for some of these genes in Hh and Wingless (Wg) morphogen secretion in vivo. These data open new perspectives for studying how morphogen secretion is regulated, as well as provide insight into regulation of lipid-modified protein secretion

Spotlight Taiwan Lyon 3 – Wébinaire de Lin Li-chin « La bande dessinée pour explorer l’histoire et la diversité culturelle de Formose » (jeudi 29 avril, 10h30-12h)

Dans le cadre du projet « Spotlight Taiwan Lyon 3 – La pluralité des langues et des cultures à Taiwan », nous avons le plaisir d’accueillir l’autrice de bande dessinée taïwanaise Lin Li-chin qui interviendra jeudi 29 avril (10h30-12h) en français pour parler de « La bande dessinée pour explorer l’histoire et la diversité culturelle de Formose ». Lire la suite sur le carnet Études transtextuelles et transculturelles

14/04, 18h30-20h : Thibaut Gress, « Philosophie de la Fabian Society. Entre socialisme et positivisme »

Thibaut Gress, professeur de philosophie en CPGE à Paris, interviendra mercredi 14 avril de 18h30 à 20h (séance en visioconférence) sur le thème : Philosophie de la Fabian Society. Entre socialisme et positivisme.  La conférence est organisée par la Société Rhodanienne de Philosophie.  Lire la suite sur le carnet DroitPhil