High Energy Colliders

We consider the high energy advantages, disadvantages and luminosity requirements of hadrons, leptons and photon-photon colliders. Technical problems in obtaining increased energy in each type of machine are presented. The machines relative size are also discussed.Comment: LaTeX, 27 pages, 8 figures (eps, ps). Submitted to the Proceedings of the Princeton's 250th Anniversary Conference on Critical Problems in Physic

Final Focus System for a Muon Collider: A Test Model

The present scenario for a high luminosity 4 TeV on center of mass muon collider requires a beta function =3 mm at the interaction point. We discuss a test model of a basic layout which satisfies the requirements although it is not fully realistic.Comment: 9 pages, uses REVTEX macros. Submitted to the Proceedings of the Symposium on Physics Potential and Development of mu^+-mu^- Colliders, San Francisco, CA. Suppl. of the journal Nuclear Physics

High Luminosity Muon Collider Design

Muon Colliders have unique technical and physics advantages and disadvantages when compared with both hadrons and electron machines. They should be regarded as complementary. Parameters are given of a 4 TeV high luminosity muon-muon collider, and of a 0.5 TeV demonstration machine. We discuss the various systems in such muon collider.Comment: LaTeX 5 pages 4 figure

Future Colliders

The high energy physics advantages, disadvantages and luminosity requirements of hadrons, of leptons and photon-photon colliders are considered. Technical arguments for increased energy in each type of machine are presented. Their relative size, and the implications of size on cost are discussed.Comment: LaTeX, 10 pages, 10figure

Increasing U.S. Hard Red Winter Wheat Competitiveness in Latin American Markets

The United States wheat sector leadership in world markets is facing serious challenges. Canada, Australia, Argentina, the European Union (EU), and the Former Soviet Union (FSU) are growing contenders for international wheat markets. Wheat buyers´ concerns about quality specifications and its consistency have intensified without precedents in the last years. The study focuses on identifying the attributes that wheat buyers most value at the moment of purchase. The study will be done in two stages. The first stage will focus in estimating preferences from actual wheat transactions from different grain-sheds in the HRW growing area. The second stage will focus on the demand from Latin American millers and will estimate their attribute preference and elicit willingness to pay. The second stage will start with Mexican millers, given their importance for the HRW exports. A hedonic price model will be used for the first stage. The second part of the study will attempt to elicit miller´s preferences by using a self explicated approach. Expected results are that the "easy-to-measure attributes": test weight, and protein levels; and all functionality characteristics such as bake absorption, farinograph peak time, farinograph stability, alveograph p/l ratio will be the most valued by the wheat customers. We hypothesize that millers will be willing to pay a premium if those attributes are present in desirable levels. The information should provide insight into the efforts being made by wheat marketing agencies and the U.S. Wheat Associates to promote quality-based marketing of wheat to domestic and foreign millers. Discussion may also include the impacts of quality-based marketing on U.S. share of the world wheat market.International Relations/Trade,

Muon Dynamics in a Toroidal Sector Magnet

We present a Hamiltonian formulation of muon dynamics in toroidal sector solenoids (bent solenoids)Comment: format aipproc.cls; aipproc.sty; 7 pages, two figures (*.ps). Submitted to the Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Physics Potential and Development of mu-mu Colliders, San Francisco, Dec. 199

The effect of diatomaceous earth in live, attenuated infectious bronchitis vaccine, immune responses, and protection against challenge.

Live virus vaccines are commonly used in poultry production, particularly in broilers. Massive application and generation of a protective local mucosal and humoral immunity with no adverse effects is the main goal for this strategy. Live virus vaccines can be improved by adding adjuvants to boost mucosal innate and adaptive responses. In a previous study we showed that diatomaceous earth (DE) can be used as adjuvant in inactivated vaccines. The aim of this study was to test DE as adjuvant in an Ark-DPI live infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) vaccine after ocular or spray application. Titrating the virus alone or after addition of DE showed that DE had no detrimental effect on the vaccine virus. However, adding DE to the vaccine did not induce higher IgG titers in the serum and IgA titers in tears. It also did not affect the frequency of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and monocytes/macrophages in the blood and the spleen determined by flow cytometry. In addition, protection generated against IBV homologous challenges, measured by viral load in tears, respiratory signs and histopathology in tracheas, did not vary when DE was present in the vaccine formulation. Finally, we confirmed through our observations that Ark vaccines administered by hatchery spray cabinet elicit weaker immune responses and protection against an IBV homologous challenge compared to the same vaccine delivered via ocular route

Effect of Publicly Released Quality Information for US Hard Red Winter Wheat on Mexican Millers' Welfare

Entities have been providing quality related information to overseas wheat buyers as a response to the increased requests for this information. This study measures the value of information to Mexican millers. The value to Mexican millers is measured by the difference of the flour mill surplus and compensating variation.Agribusiness, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

A la recherche d’un visage pour une esquisse du législateur: le statut de “héritier” spécialement protégé (legitimario d’assistance) dans l’interprétation de la Cour Suprême de la Cuba

El artículo analiza el alcance de los herederos especialmente protegidos, los nuevos legitimarios asistenciales con los que dotó al Derecho de Sucesiones el Código Civil cubano. Las circunstancias que cualifican la condición de legitimario asistencial, son por regla general transitorias, como lo es la minoridad o como lo pueden ser ciertas discapacidades o la situación de dependencia o vulnerabilidad económica. Incluso personas con discapacidad intelectual severa o profunda, pueden depender económicamente de una persona y en un momento dado, cesar esa dependencia por disponer de un patrimonio que en el orden económico le permita tener cubiertas todas sus necesidades.This article discusses the extension of the “specially protected inheritors”: the newly created relief heirs that the Cuban Civil Code established as a part of the inheritance law. The circumstances that allow to qualify a person as a relief heir, are usually transitory, e.g. minority, special abilities and/or economic dependency or vulnerability. Even people with special abilities may depend financially on other person, and in any given moment, such dependence may be ended by having enough assets to cover all of his/her expenses and necessities.L’article traite de la portée des héritiers spécialement protégés, la nouvelle protection des héritiers dans le droit des successions du Code civil cubain. Les circonstances qui qualifient la situation de protection d’héritier, étaient généralement transitoires, comme minorité ou certains handicaps ou l’état de dépendance ou de vulnérabilité économique. Même les personnes ayant une déficience intellectuelle sévère ou profonde peut être financièrement dépendant d’une personne. Mais la dependence peut cesser, au le moment d’avoir des actifs dans l’ordre économique qui permettent couvrir tous ses besoins

De la acción de reducción de los legados como vía de protección a una hija incapacitada judicialmente, legitimaria, preterida por el testador: a propósito de la sentencia nº 239 de 31 de mayo de 2013 de la sala de lo civil y de lo administrativo del Tribunal Supremo.

Tratándose de una hija con Síndrome de Down, y cierta cardiopatía, que le llevan a la declaración judicial de incapacitación, es indudable que si el padre no le ha atribuido bienes a título de herencia, legado o por una liberalidad inter vivos como pago de su legítima, la ha preterido, pues resulta innegable su condición de legitimaria o especialmente protegida respecto de aquel, conforme con el art. 493.1 a) CC y la Convención internacional de los derechos de las personas con discapacidad. Ante tal situación, y dado que el patrimonio hereditario fue distribuido en legados, sin que en el testamento se estableciera preferencia respecto de algún legado en concreto, es dable interpretar el art. 495.1 CC, a tono con el principio del favor testamenti, de manera que permita conservar la atribución hecha a favor de los legatarios en lo que no se exceda de la parte de libre disposición y atribuir a la preterida la cuota de legítima, resultante, de reducir los legados.Regarding a daughter with Down syndrome, along with certain form of heart disease, which provokes her judicial declaration of disability, it is undoubted that if the father has not allocated goods in title of inheritance, legacy or through an inter vivos liberality as payment of her legitimas, that he had forgotten her. Hence, her condition as legitimaria heir or specially protected in respect to him results undeniable, as per article 493.1 a) CC and the International Convention of the Rights of People with Disability. In front of this situation, and given that the hereditary patrimony was distributed by legacies without establishment of any preferences in the will regarding any specific bequest, it is possible to interpret the article 495.1 CC in accord with the principle of favor testamenti in a way that it permits to preserve the allocations made in favor of the legatees where there is no excess from the part of free disposition and provide to the forgotten heir with the amount of the legitima resulting from the reduction of the legacies