Periodontal findings in a patient with Dimorphic anaemia

Dimorphic anaemia can present itself with deficiency of more than one nutrients. The blood picture shows the presence of morphologically different red blood cells. The cause of dimorphic anaemia has to be established in order to systematically manage the patient. Combined deficiency of iron and folic acid more commonly lead to dimorphic anaemia with clinical features of both forms of anaemia. The aim of this paper is to report a rare finding of periodontal involvement in a patient with dimorphic anaemia

Residual dynamics resolves recurrent contributions to neural computation

Relating neural activity to behavior requires an understanding of how neural computations arise from the coordinated dynamics of distributed, recurrently connected neural populations. However, inferring the nature of recurrent dynamics from partial recordings of a neural circuit presents considerable challenges. Here we show that some of these challenges can be overcome by a fine-grained analysis of the dynamics of neural residuals—that is, trial-by-trial variability around the mean neural population trajectory for a given task condition. Residual dynamics in macaque prefrontal cortex (PFC) in a saccade-based perceptual decision-making task reveals recurrent dynamics that is time dependent, but consistently stable, and suggests that pronounced rotational structure in PFC trajectories during saccades is driven by inputs from upstream areas. The properties of residual dynamics restrict the possible contributions of PFC to decision-making and saccade generation and suggest a path toward fully characterizing distributed neural computations with large-scale neural recordings and targeted causal perturbations

Morphology and melt rheology of nylon 11/clay nanocomposites

Nylon 11 (PA11)/clay nanocomposites have been prepared by melt-blending, followed by melt-extrusion through a capillary. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the exfoliated clay morphology is dominant for low nanofiller content, while the intercalated one is prevailing for high filler loading. Melt rheological properties of PA11 nanocomposites have been studied in both linear and nonlinear viscoelastic response regions. In the linear regime, the nanocomposites exhibit much higher storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G'') values than neat PA11. The values of G' and G'' increase steadily with clay loading at low concentrations, while the G' and G'' for the sample with 5 wt % clay show an inverse dependence and lie between the modulus values of the samples with 1 and 2 wt % of clay. This is attributed to the alignment/orientation of nanoclay platelets in the intercalated nanocomposite induced by capillary extrusion. In the nonlinear regime, the nanocomposites show increased shear viscosities when compared with the neat resin. The dependence of the shear viscosity on clay loading has analogous trend to that of G' and G''. Finally, a comparison has been made between the complex and steady viscosities to verify the applicability of the empirical Cox-Merz rule

Chitosan Based Biodegradable Composite for Antibacterial Food Packaging Application

A recent focus on the development of biobased polymer packaging films has come about in response to the environmental hazards caused by petroleum-based, nonbiodegradable packaging materials. Among biopolymers, chitosan is one of the most popular due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, antibacterial properties, and ease of use. Due to its ability to inhibit gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, yeast, and foodborne filamentous fungi, chitosan is a suitable biopolymer for developing food packaging. However, more than the chitosan is required for active packaging. In this review, we summarize chitosan composites which show active packaging and improves food storage condition and extends its shelf life. Active compounds such as essential oils and phenolic compounds with chitosan are reviewed. Moreover, composites with polysaccharides and various nanoparticles are also summarized. This review provides valuable information for selecting a composite that enhances shelf life and other functional qualities when embedding chitosan. Furthermore, this report will provide directions for the development of novel biodegradable food packaging materials

A comparative study on time efficiency management of self ligating brackets with conventional ligating brackets on orthodontic subjects in North Karnataka

Background: Self-Ligating brackets were originally designed with the intention to reduce the time needed to change wires compared with the use of wire ligatures. However, the advent of elastomeric ligatures meant that this perceived advantage was diminished. Objective: To compare aligning efficiency, rate of retraction and torque expression of Self Ligating bracket (SLB) system with Conventional Pre adjusted Edgewise bracket (CLB) system. Materials and Methods: Twelve patients were selected and divided into two groups treated with self ligating brackets (SLB, n=6) and conventional ligating brackets (CLB, n=6). The brackets used were 0.22 slot McLaughlin Bennet Trevesi (MBT) prescription. Aligning was evaluated with 0.14 Niti followed by 19X25 Heat Activated Ni Ti and then 19X25 stainless steel wires for retraction within 4 months. The rate of retraction was evaluated per month and torque loss after space closure was also estimated. Results: Alignment Efficiency shows significant changes with SLB compared to CLB and also save more than 30% of chair side time during wire adjustments while rate of en masse retraction in SLB shows statistically non significance as compared to CLB system. In case of upper incisor changes when compared between two groups showed less torque loss in SLB than CLB although which was statistically no significant but % difference show SLB have better improvement result than CLB

Synthesis of Hydrophilic and Amphiphilic Acryl Sucrose Monomers and Their Copolymerisation with Styrene, Methylmethacrylate and α- and β-Pinenes

Herein, we report the synthesis of monomethacryloyl sucrose esters, and their successful free radical homo- and co-polymerisation with styrene, methylmethacrylate, α-and β-pinene. The chemical, physical, structural and surface chemical properties of these polymers, containing a hydrophobic olefin backbone and hydrophilic sugar moieties as side chains, have been investigated. Biodegradation tests of the copolymer samples by a microbial fungal culture (Aspergillus niger) method showed good biodegradability. The chemical structure and surface chemistry of the synthesized homo- and co-polymers demonstrate their potential technological relevance as amphiphilic and biodegradable polymers

Near IR spectroscopy for the characterization of dispersion in polymer-clay nanocomposites

© 2015 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. Since their potential has become widely recognized, one of the major research lines on polymer-clay nanocomposites has focused on the preparation of well-dispersed systems. Currently, there is an understanding that a high degree of dispersion, particularly exfoliation, of the nanoclay is required to improve the overall performance. Twin screw extrusion not only allows for control of the main variables (shear, stress and time), but also, due to the typical modular construction, offers a high degree of freedom in creating the adequate screw design and enables knowledgeable alteration of the barrel. These features offer a solid basis for the development and implementation of apt in-line/on-line monitoring techniques, able to follow up the evolution of dispersion of polymer-clay nanocomposites during processing. This chapter includs the validation, implementation, and application of a methodology based on inline near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for the characterization of the dispersion along the extruder axis. Overall, the results obtained confirm that NIR is a valid tool for the on-line characterization of these materials, offering the possibility of assessing in real time the clay dispersion, enabling proper corrective and/or optimization actions over the material characteristics in a timely manner.(undefined