Evaluación de la biodegradación como alternativa para el tratamiento de aguas residuales de una tintorería y lavandería

La idea de este proyecto surgió ante la necesidad que tiene la empresa bajo estudio, de hacerle un tratamiento al agua residual de los procesos que es descargada directamente al alcantarillado, ya que estas deterioran las tuberías y a su vez contaminan las fuentes receptoras, en este caso, las quebradas aledañas a la planta de producción, además ocasionan malos olores que causan malestar y afecciones a la salud colectiva vecina.118 p. + anexos (47 p.)The idea of this project came up from the company requirement of treating the sewage waters used in the chemical processes which go straight to the sewer, damaging the pipes, contaminating the recipients (usually small rivers) and generating stinky smells that causes affections to the health and wellbeing of the community around them.Contenido parcial: Características de las aguas residuales -- Características físicas -- Sólidos totales – Olores -- Características químicas orgánicas -- Demanda Química de Oxígeno -- Ventajas y desventajas de la biodegradación

Fecal Metabolome and Bacterial Composition in Severe Obesity:Impact of Diet and Bariatric Surgery

The aim of this study was to monitor the impact of a preoperative low-calorie diet and bariatric surgery on the bacterial gut microbiota composition and functionality in severe obesity and to compare sleeve gastrectomy (SG) versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The study also aimed to incorporate big data analysis for the omics results and machine learning by a Lasso-based analysis to detect the potential markers for excess weight loss. Forty patients who underwent bariatric surgery were recruited (14 underwent SG, and 26 underwent RYGB). Each participant contributed 4 fecal samples (baseline, post-diet, 1 month after surgery and 3 months after surgery). The bacterial composition was determined by 16S rDNA massive sequencing using MiSeq (Illumina). Metabolic signatures associated to fecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids, amino acids, biogenic amines, gamma-aminobutyric acid and ammonium were determined by gas and liquid chromatography. Orange 3 software was employed to correlate the variables, and a Lasso analysis was employed to predict the weight loss at the baseline samples. A correlation between Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) abundance and excess weight was observed only for the highest body mass indexes. The low-calorie diet had little impact on composition and targeted metabolic activity. RYGB had a deeper impact on bacterial composition and putrefactive metabolism than SG, although the excess weight loss was comparable in the two groups. Significantly higher ammonium concentrations were detected in the feces of the RYGB group. We detected individual signatures of composition and functionality, rather than a gut microbiota characteristic of severe obesity, with opposing tendencies for almost all measured variables in the two surgical approaches. The gut microbiota of the baseline samples was not useful for predicting excess weight loss after the bariatric process

Genética, riesgo y derecho penal: una aproximación interdisciplinaria

Este texto presenta un estudio científico y jurídico sobre la genética y el derecho penal, con el objeto de realizar un pequeño aporte para la superación de la polarización política y moral de los debates sobre la genética y el derecho, que sólo ha conducido a una desafortunada paralización de la regulación sobre el tema que aumenta los riesgos para la salud humana y el equilibrio de los ecosistemas. Ante una problemática tan compleja, el derecho moderno no plantea una solución unitaria, sino una metodología a través de la cual cada sociedad democráticamente pueda adoptar sus propias decisiones frente a la salvaguarda de su patrimonio genético

Manejo de la inmunosupresión en pacientes trasplantados de riñón con COVID19. Estudio multicéntrico nacional derivado del registro COVID de la Sociedad Española de Nefrología

Introduction: SARS CoV2 infection has had a major impact on renal transplant patients with a high mortality in the first months of the pandemic. Intentional reduction of immunosuppressive therapy has been postulated as one of the cornerstone in the management of the infection in the absence of targeted antiviral treatment. This has been modified according to the patient`s clinical situation and its effect on renal function or anti-HLA antibodies in the medium term has not been evaluated.Objectives: Evaluate the management of immunosuppressive therapy made during SARS-CoV2 infection, as well as renal function and anti-HLA antibodies in kidney transplant patients 6 months after COVID19 diagnosis.Material and methods: Retrospective, national multicentre, retrospective study (30 centres) of kidney transplant recipients with COVID19 from 01/02/20 to 31/12/20. Clinical variables were collected from medical records and included in an anonymised database. SPSS statistical software was used for data analysis.Results: renal transplant recipients with COVID19 were included (62.6% male), with a mean age of 57.5 years. The predominant immunosuppressive treatment prior to COVID19 was triple therapy with prednisone, tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid (54.6%) followed by m-TOR inhibitor regimens (18.6%). After diagnosis of infection, mycophenolic acid was discontinued in 73.8% of patients, m-TOR inhibitor in 41.4%, tacrolimus in 10.5% and cyclosporin A in 10%. In turn, 26.9% received dexamethasone and 50.9% were started on or had their baseline prednisone dose increased. Mean creatinine before diagnosis of COVID19, at diagnosis and at 6 months was: 1.7 +/- 0.8, 2.1 +/- 1.2 and 1.8 +/- 1 mg/dl respectively (p < 0.001). 56.9% of the patients (N = 350) were monitored for anti-HLA antibodies. 94% (N = 329) had no anti-HLA changes, while 6% (N = 21) had positive anti-HLA antibodies. Among the patients with donor-specific antibodies post-COVID19 (N = 9), 7 patients (3.1%) had one immunosuppressant discontinued (5 patients had mycophenolic acid and 2 had tacrolimus), 1 patient had both immunosuppressants discontinued (3.4%) and 1 patient had no change in immunosuppression (1.1%), these differences were not significant.Conclusions: The management of immunosuppressive therapy after diagnosis of COVID19 was primarily based on discontinuation of mycophenolic acid with very discrete reductions or discontinuations of calcineurin inhibitors. This immunosuppression management did not influence renal function or changes in anti-HLA antibodies 6 months after diagnosis

Healthcare workers hospitalized due to COVID-19 have no higher risk of death than general population. Data from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry

Aim To determine whether healthcare workers (HCW) hospitalized in Spain due to COVID-19 have a worse prognosis than non-healthcare workers (NHCW). Methods Observational cohort study based on the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, a nationwide registry that collects sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data on patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Spain. Patients aged 20-65 years were selected. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with mortality. Results As of 22 May 2020, 4393 patients were included, of whom 419 (9.5%) were HCW. Median (interquartile range) age of HCW was 52 (15) years and 62.4% were women. Prevalence of comorbidities and severe radiological findings upon admission were less frequent in HCW. There were no difference in need of respiratory support and admission to intensive care unit, but occurrence of sepsis and in-hospital mortality was lower in HCW (1.7% vs. 3.9%; p = 0.024 and 0.7% vs. 4.8%; p<0.001 respectively). Age, male sex and comorbidity, were independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality and healthcare working with lower mortality (OR 0.211, 95%CI 0.067-0.667, p = 0.008). 30-days survival was higher in HCW (0.968 vs. 0.851 p<0.001). Conclusions Hospitalized COVID-19 HCW had fewer comorbidities and a better prognosis than NHCW. Our results suggest that professional exposure to COVID-19 in HCW does not carry more clinical severity nor mortality

Association Between Preexisting Versus Newly Identified Atrial Fibrillation and Outcomes of Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) may exist before or occur early in the course of pulmonary embolism (PE). We determined the PE outcomes based on the presence and timing of AF. Methods and Results Using the data from a multicenter PE registry, we identified 3 groups: (1) those with preexisting AF, (2) patients with new AF within 2 days from acute PE (incident AF), and (3) patients without AF. We assessed the 90-day and 1-year risk of mortality and stroke in patients with AF, compared with those without AF (reference group). Among 16 497 patients with PE, 792 had preexisting AF. These patients had increased odds of 90-day all-cause (odds ratio [OR], 2.81; 95% CI, 2.33-3.38) and PE-related mortality (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.37-4.14) and increased 1-year hazard for ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 5.48; 95% CI, 3.10-9.69) compared with those without AF. After multivariable adjustment, preexisting AF was associated with significantly increased odds of all-cause mortality (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.57-2.32) but not PE-related mortality (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 0.85-2.66). Among 16 497 patients with PE, 445 developed new incident AF within 2 days of acute PE. Incident AF was associated with increased odds of 90-day all-cause (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.75-2.97) and PE-related (OR, 3.64; 95% CI, 2.01-6.59) mortality but not stroke. Findings were similar in multivariable analyses. Conclusions In patients with acute symptomatic PE, both preexisting AF and incident AF predict adverse clinical outcomes. The type of adverse outcomes may differ depending on the timing of AF onset.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes

Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues

Arrecifes coralinos mesofóticos - descubriendo aspectos clave de la vida coralina en las zonas del crepúsculo

Se llama comúnmente "zona del crepúsculo" a aquella porción marina de los arrecifes coralinos a los que llega menos del 1% de la luz que incide sobre la superficie del mar. Su relieve tiene generalmente una fuerte pendiente y se encuentra entre los 30 y 200 m de profundidad. Dado que la exploración con buceo SCUBA se realiza por encima de los 30 m, y la exploración de profundidad, por debajo de los 200 m, esta zona del mar es, curiosamente una de las menos exploradas del planet

Comparação do movimento canino e molar superior usando elásticos classe II com e sem Sliding Jig: Um ensaio clínico randomizado

Introduction: For the achievement of a cuspid Class I relationship, intermaxillary class II elastics have been used. They generate retraction in the upper arch and protraction on the lower arch. The Sliding Jig is a direct attachment, which exerts distal force on the molar, enhancing the horizontal vector of intermaxillary elastic. Objective: to determinate in a period of three months, the type and amount of movement of the upper canine and molar in the sagittal and vertical plane using class II elastics with and without Sliding Jig. Method: an uncontrolled randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare 15 hemiarches treated with Sliding Jig and 14 treated with class II elastics alone. The movements of each side were evaluated by a calibrated evaluator, using an initial Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) (T1) and a final CBCT (T2), taking three months after the mechanical was installed. Results: Variables were summarized using the mean and standard deviations with a 95 % confidence interval. For T1 and T2 comparison, a t-Student test was used. The upper molar distalization was greater and the vertical movement of the upper canine was lesser using the Sliding Jig than the only elastics side, with statistically significant differences (p&lt;0,05); non-significant changes in sagittal and vertical movements of the canine or molar inclination were found. Conclusions: the Sliding Jig was more efficient than class II elastics alone, on the distalization of upper molars and the control of the canine extrusion.Introducción: para lograr relaciones caninas de clase I, se utilizan elásticos intermaxilares de clase II. El Sliding Jig es un aditamento que ejerce fuerza distal directa sobre el molar, potenciando el vector horizontal del elástico intermaxilar. Objetivo: Determinar y comparar, en un periodo de tres meses, el tipo y la cantidad de movimiento sagital y vertical del molar superior y del canino utilizando elásticos de clase II con y sin Sliding Jig. Métodos: se realizó un ensayo clínico aleatorizado, no controlado sin cegamiento; se compararon 15 hemiarcadas tratadas con Sliding Jig, con 14 hemiarcadas tratadas solo con elásticos clase II. Los movimientos fueron evaluados por un investigador calibrado (ICC:&gt;0,8), en una Tomografía Computarizada Cone Beam (CBCT) del maxilar superior inicial (T1) y una CBCT final (T2) a los tres meses de instalada la mecánica. Resultados: las variables fueron resumidas en promedios y desviaciones estándar con un intervalo de confianza del 95 %; para la comparación de los resultados entre T1 y T2 se utilizó la prueba t-Student. Se encontró mayor distalización del molar superior y menor movimiento vertical del canino superior, en el lado de Sliding Jig comparado con el lado de solo elásticos, mostrando diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p&lt;0,05). No se presentaron cambios significativos en los movimientos sagital y de inclinación del canino, ni en la inclinación del molar entre las dos mecánicas. Conclusiones: el Sliding Jig fue más eficiente que los elásticos de clase II solos, en la distalización de los molares superiores y en el control de la extrusión del canino.Introdução: para alcançar relações caninas da classe I, são utilizados elásticos intermaxilares da classe II. O Sliding Jig é um acessório que exerce força distal direta no molar, aprimorando o vetor horizontal do elástico intermaxilar. Objetivo: Determinar e comparar, em um período de três meses, o tipo e a quantidade de movimento sagital e vertical do molar superior e do canino usando elásticos classe II com e sem gabarito deslizante. Métodos: foi realizado um ensaio clínico randomizado, não controlado, sem cegar; 15 hemiarquias tratadas com Sliding Jig foram comparadas com 14 hemiarquias tratadas apenas com elásticos de classe II. Os movimentos foram avaliados por um investigador calibrado (ICC:&gt; 0,8), em uma tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) da mandíbula superior inicial (T1) e uma TCFC final (T2) três meses após a instalação da mecânica. Resultados: as variáveis foram resumidas em média e desvio padrão com intervalo de confiança de 95%; Para a comparação dos resultados entre T1 e T2, foi utilizado o teste t de Student. Maior distalização do molar superior e menor movimento vertical do canino superior foram encontradas no lado do Sliding Jig. comparado ao lado elástico, mostrando diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p&lt;0,05). Não houve alterações significativas nos movimentos sagital e de inclinação do canino, nem na inclinação molar entre as duas mecânicas. Conclusões: o Sliding Jig foi mais eficiente que os elásticos classe II isoladamente, na distalização dos molares superiores e no controle da extrusão do canino