302 research outputs found
Tools used to assess comfort among patients undergoing high flow nasal cannula: A scoping review
Objective: The aims were twofold: (a) to map tools documented in the literature to evaluate comfort among
patients undergoing high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) treatment; and (b) to assess if the retrieved tools have been
validated for this purpose.
Methods: A scoping review, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). In July 2023, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and Cochrane Library were
consulted. Studies assessing comfort in adult, paediatric, and neonatal patients undergoing HFNC were included.
Results: Seventy-four articles were included, among which nine (12.2 %) investigated comfort as the primary aim.
Twenty-five different tools were found, classifiable into 14 types, mostly unidimensional and originating from
those measuring pain. The most widely used was the Visual Analogic Scale (n = 27, 35.6 %) followed by the
Numerical Rating Scale (n = 11, 14.5 %) and less defined generic tools (n = 10, 13.2 %) with different metrics (e.
g. 0–5, 0–10, 0–100). Only the General Comfort Questionnaire and the Comfort Scale were specifically validated
for the assessment of comfort among adults and children, respectively.
Conclusion: Although the comfort of patients undergoing HFNC is widely investigated in the literature, there is a
scarcity of tools specifically validated in this field. Those used have been validated mainly to assess pain, suggesting
the need to inform patients to prevent confusion while measuring comfort during HFNC and to develop
more research in the field.
Implications for clinical practice: Comfort assessment is an important aspect of nursing care. Given the lack of
validation studies in the field, efforts in research are recommended
L’IPFE, dans les années soixante-dix : une proposition stimulante et novatrice pour la formation et le recyclage des enseignants de FLE
Dans l’après 1968, la France assiste à une explosion spectaculaire de la linguistique, vue comme une science pilote à même de résoudre la crise de l’enseignement français et de proposer des itinéraires de formation novateurs, à l’avant-garde, qui attirent des publics (jeunes et moins jeunes) de toutes nationalités. Cette intervention-témoignage, dictée par la conviction d’avoir vécu une expérience de formation unique en son genre, à un moment charnière dans l’essor des sciences du langage, souhaite fixer le souvenir de l’effervescence intellectuelle et du dépaysement culturel et scientifique partagé avec des jeunes venant du monde entier pour suivre les cours de l’IPFE dans les années 1970. Pour que tout ce qui nous a été transmis aux plans professionnel et humain par des enseignants compétents et enthousiastes ne soit pas perdu.In the aftermath of 1968, France witnessed a spectacular burgeoning within the field of linguistics, seen as a cutting-edge science, leading a way to a resolution of the crisis in the teaching of French, and able to propose innovative training programmes, which would attract people of all ages and all nationalities. This testimony, inspired by the experience of a learning path that was unique of its kind, in a key moment of the development of language sciences, aims to fix the memory of the intellectual effervescence and cultural and scientific disorientation which was shared with young people who had came from all over the world to attend IPFE courses during the 1970s. So that everything that was transmitted to us in human and professional terms by competent and enthusiastic teachers may not be lost
As derivas do pensamento cinematográfico como estĂmulo para o ensino da filosofia
The article considers cinema as a way of thinking. It explores three modalities of the cinema to develop contributions to the teaching of philosophy. The first modality is based in classical cinema. It is connected with an instrumental perspective of the use of cinema in teaching, aiming either to enhance logical-rational skills, or to constitute a critical tool of instrumental reason. The second modality corresponds to the explorations of modern cinema. This thinking is linked to the modalities of work in philosophy education synthesized in the concept of "minor pedagogy" (Gallo, 2003). Finally, the digital cinema thought allows to incorporate the realization of audiovisuals as a working method in the philosophical class. In the first place, the aesthetic-political foundations of this way of working are developed, appealing to the type of circulation that images have in contemporary culture. Then, the experience of a video-minute workshop is systematized in which we worked from that perspective.En este artĂculo se considera al cine como una forma de pensamiento. Se exploran tres modalidades del pensar cinematográfico basadas en clasificaciones teĂłricas generales surgidas en los estudios cinematográficos, con el propĂłsito de desarrollar posibles aportes a la enseñanza de la filosofĂa. La primera se funda en el cine clásico y se conecta con una perspectiva instrumental del uso del cine en la enseñanza, que apunta a potenciar habilidades lĂłgico-racionales o a ser una herramienta crĂtica de la razĂłn instrumental. La segunda modalidad corresponde a las exploraciones propias del cine moderno. Se vincula este pensar con las modalidades de trabajo en enseñanza de la filosofĂa, que apuntan a realizar experiencias abiertas a los afectos, los cuerpos y otras perspectivas propias de exploraciones pedagĂłgico-filosĂłficas contemporáneas. Finalmente se propone, a partir del cine digital, incorporar la realizaciĂłn de audiovisuales como una modalidad de trabajo en el aula de filosofĂa. Se desarrollan los fundamentos estĂ©tico-polĂticos de esa necesidad y se hace referencia al tipo de circulaciĂłn que tienen las imágenes en la cultura contemporánea. Luego se sistematiza la experiencia de un taller de realizaciĂłn de videominutos en el que se trabajĂł desde esa perspectiva.L'article considère le cinĂ©ma comme une façon de penser. Il explore trois modalitĂ©s de la mĂŞme chose pour dĂ©velopper des contributions Ă l'enseignement de la philosophie. La première modalitĂ© est basĂ©e sur le cinĂ©ma classique. Il est liĂ© Ă une perspective instrumentale de l'utilisation du cinĂ©ma dans l'enseignement, visant soit Ă valoriser les capacitĂ©s logico-rationnelles, soit Ă constituer un outil critique de la raison instrumentale. La seconde modalitĂ© correspond aux explorations du cinĂ©ma moderne. Cette rĂ©flexion est liĂ©e aux modalitĂ©s de travail de l'enseignement de la philosophie qui visent Ă rĂ©aliser des expĂ©riences ouvertes aux affections, aux corps et Ă d'autres perspectives synthĂ©tisĂ©es dans le concept de «mineure pĂ©dagogie» (Gallo, 2003). Enfin, il est proposĂ©, Ă partir du cinĂ©ma numĂ©rique, d'intĂ©grer la production audiovisuelle comme modalitĂ© de travail dans la classe de philosophie. Premièrement, les fondements esthĂ©tiques et politiques de ce besoin sont dĂ©veloppĂ©s, faisant appel au type de circulation des images dans la culture contemporaine. Ensuite, l'expĂ©rience d'un atelier vidĂ©o-minute est systĂ©matisĂ©e dans laquelle nous avons travaillĂ© dans cette perspective.O artigo considera o cinema como uma forma de pensar. Explora trĂŞs modalidades do mesmo para desenvolver contribuições ao ensino da filosofia. A primeira modalidade Ă© baseada no cinema clássico. Está ligada a uma perspectiva instrumental da utilização do cinema no ensino, quer seja para potenciar capacidades lĂłgico-racionais, quer seja para constituir um instrumento crĂtico da razĂŁo instrumental. A segunda modalidade corresponde Ă s explorações do cinema moderno. Esse pensamento está vinculado Ă s modalidades de trabalho no ensino de filosofia que visam realizar experiĂŞncias abertas aos afetos, corpos e outras perspectivas sintetizadas no conceito de “pedagogia menor” (Gallo, 2003). Por fim, propõe-se, com base no cinema digital, incorporar a produção de audiovisuais como modalidade de trabalho nas aulas de filosofia. Em primeiro lugar, desenvolvem-se os fundamentos estĂ©tico-polĂticos dessa necessidade, apelando para o tipo de circulação que as imagens tĂŞm na cultura contemporânea. Em seguida, sistematiza-se a experiĂŞncia de uma oficina de vĂdeo-minuto em que trabalhamos nessa perspectiva
Echos phonétiques en Sicile entre XIXe et XXe siècles
Il est tout à fait instructif de porter un regard diachronique sur les liens qui existent entre l’étude de la phonétique et l’enseignement de la langue française. Le cas de la Sicile entre la fin du XIXe siècle et le début du XXe est sur ce point particulièrement fécond puisqu’on y publie différents traités consacrés à la prononciation du français. Quelles que soient les réserves méthodologiques et scientifiques que l’on peut faire sur ces ouvrages, ceux-ci ont eu, en Italie, le mérite décisif d’avoir ouvert la réflexion sur l’importance de la phonétique dans la linguistique et la didactique modernes.There is certainly a lot to be learned from a diachronic overview of the links between the study of phonetics and the teaching of French. The case of Sicily between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th  is especially fruitful because several treatises on French pronunciation were published there. Whatever methodological and scientific reservations may be held about these works, they were decisive in opening a debate new to Italy, with reflections on the importance of phonetics in linguistics and language teaching
The potteries and expansion of Rome: the case of the Ager Gallicus
Lo scritto ha l’obiettivo di definire dinamiche e cronologie di quel complesso processo espansionistico che portò Roma alla conquista dei territori dell’Ager Gallicus, partendo dall’analisi dettagliata della cultura materiale e dei rispettivi contesti di provenienza emersi dalle recenti indagini archeologiche realizzate dal Dipartimento di Storia Culture Civiltà dell’Università degli Studi di Bologna nella città di Senigallia. In armonia con quanto testimoniato dalle sequenze stratigrafiche documentate, si delineano quattro principali fasi di vita dell’abitato: la prima preromana, la seconda riferibile alla prima fase di romanizzazione del sito, la terza inerente allo sviluppo dell’insediamento con la fondazione della colonia romana e l’ultima riferibile all’età repubblicana. Emerge con chiarezza la presenza già dalla fine del IV-inizio III a.C., di un insediamento romano nel territorio della città , sviluppatosi con la fondazione di un’area sacra e la predisposizione di un’area produttiva. La scelta del sito di Sena Gallica fu strategica: un territorio idoneo allo sfruttamento agricolo e utile come testa di ponte per la conquista dei territori del Nord Italia. Inoltre, questo centro aveva già intrecciato rapporti commerciali con gli insediamenti costieri adriatici e mediterranei. La presenza di ceramica di produzione locale, il rinvenimento di elementi distanziatori e le caratteristiche geomorfologiche del sito, fanno ipotizzare la presenza in loco di un’officina ceramica. Ciò risulta di grande importanza dato che tutte le attestazioni ceramiche prodotte localmente e rinvenute nel territorio, fino ad oggi sono attribuite alle officine di Aesis e Ariminum. Dunque Sena Gallica sarebbe stata un centro commerciale e produttivo.
La precoce presenza di ceramica a Vernice Nera di tipo romano-laziale prodotte localmente prima dell’istituzione ufficiale della colonia, che permette di ipotizzare uno stanziamento di piccoli gruppi di Romani in territori appena conquistati ma non ancora colonizzati, attestata a Sena Gallica, trova riscontro anche in altri centri adriatici come Ariminum, Aesis, Pisaurum, Suasa e Cattolica.The thesis wont to define dynamics and histories of the complex process that led Roma to the expansionist conquest of the territories Ager Gallicus, starting from the detailed analysis of the material culture and of their original contexts emerged from recent archaeological investigations made by the Department Culture History of Civilization at the University of Bologna in the city of Senigallia. We can identify four major stages of life of the town: the first pre-Roman times, the second relates to the first phase of Romanization of the site, the third linked to the development of the settlement with the founding of the Roman colony and the last one refers to the Republican age. It results the presence since the late fourth or early third century BC, of a Roman settlement in the territory of the city, developed with the foundation of a sacred area and the establishment of a production area. The territory of Sena Gallica was chosen because it was a place suitable for agriculture and also for its strategic location.
The presence of local production of ceramics, the discovery of the spacer and the geomorphological features of the site, they assume the presence of on-site pottery workshop. This is very important since all claims and locally made ceramics found in the area to date are attributed to the workshops of Aesis and Ariminum. So Sena Gallica was a center of trade and manufacturing.
The early presence of ceramic Black Paint type Rome-Lazio produced locally first official institution of the colony, which allows to consider an allocation of a small group of Romans in newly conquered territories but not yet colonized, settled at Sena Gallica, is reflected in other centers Adriatic as Ariminum, Aesis, Pisaurum, Suasa and Cattolica
DESEMPENHO FOTOSSINTÉTICO DE PLANTAS DE Jatropha curcas L. CULTIVADAS NO ESTADO DO ESPÍRITO SANTO
RESUMO
Neste trabalho foram utilizadas plantas de pinhĂŁo manso (Jatropha curcas L.), no mesmo estádio de desenvolvimento e sob iguais condições de manejo cultural, cultivadas em duas fazendas comerciais: uma na regiĂŁo norte, litorânea (Pontal do Ipiranga, Linhares) e a outra na regiĂŁo noroeste, montanhosa (Itarana) do Estado do EspĂrito Santo com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho fotossintĂ©tico in situ. Foram realizadas medidas durante um ano (maio/2010 a maio/2011) do crescimento, Ăndice de clorofila, trocas gasosas, fluorescĂŞncia transiente e modulada da clorofila a. Análises in vitro dos teores de clorofila e da atividade de enzimas antioxidantes tambĂ©m foram realizadas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as plantas cultivadas no interior do estado do EspĂrito Santo apresentaram maior crescimento em altura e maior eficiĂŞncia real do uso da água (A/E). As plantas desta regiĂŁo tambĂ©m apresentaram menor atividade antioxidante (SOD, CAT e APX) em resposta a uma menor produção de espĂ©cies reativas de oxigĂŞnio (ROS). As plantas cultivadas no litoral, com solo de menor disponibilidade de nutrientes, apresentaram maiores teores de clorofila a e b, maiores taxas de fotossĂntese lĂquida (A) e maiores Ăndices de desempenho fotoquĂmico. Infere-se, portanto que as plantas de pinhĂŁo manso possuem estratĂ©gias adaptativas que lhes permitem viver em ambiente de condições adversas. AlĂ©m disso, a fluorescĂŞncia transiente da clorofila a mostrou-se eficiente para avaliar o desempenho fotossintĂ©tico de plantas do pinhĂŁo manso cultivadas sob condições de estresse ambientais: hĂdrico, tĂ©rmico e nutricional
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