Comparison between total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and intermittent bolus of tiletamine-zolazepam in capuchin monkey (Sapajus apella)

Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Centro Nacional de Primatas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Centro Nacional de Primatas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Paraná. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária. Laboratório de Anestesia e Analgesia Veterinária. Curitiba, PR, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Paraná. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária. Laboratório de Anestesia e Analgesia Veterinária. Curitiba, PR, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Centro Nacional de Primatas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Centro Nacional de Primatas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Centro Nacional de Primatas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Dissociative anesthesia results in stressful and long recovery periods in monkeys and use of injectable anesthetics in medical research has to be refined. Propofol has promoted more pleasure wake up from anesthesia. The objectives of this study were to investigate the use of intravenous anesthetic propofol, establishing the required infusion rate to maintain surgical anesthetic level and comparing it to tiletamine-zolazepam anesthesia in Sapajus apella. Eight healthy capuchin monkeys, premedicated with midazolam and meperidine, were anesthetized with propofol (PRO) or tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) during 60 minutes. Propofol was infused continually and rate was titrated to effect and tiletamine-zolazepam was given at 5mg/kg IV bolus initially and repeated at 2.5mg/kg IV bolus as required. Cardiopulmonary parameters, arterial blood gases, cortisol, lactate and quality and times to recovery were determined. Recovery quality was superior in PRO. Ventral recumbency (PRO = 43.0±21.4 vs TZ = 219.3±139.7 min) and normal ambulation (PRO = 93±27.1 vs TZ = 493.7±47.8 min) were faster in PRO (p<0.05). Cardiopulmonary effects did not have marked differences between groups. Median for induction doses of propofol was 5.9mg/kg, varying from 4.7 to 6.7mg/kg, Mean infusion rate was 0.37±0.11mg/kg/min, varying during the one-hour period. In TZ, two animals required three and five extra doses. Compared to tiletamine-zolazepam, minor post-anesthetic adverse events should be expected with propofol anesthesia due to the faster and superior anesthetic recovery

Continuous infusion of propofol or intermittent bolus of tiletamine-zolazepam in feline night monkeys (Aotus infulatus)

Federal University of Paraná. Department of Veterinary Medicine. Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Laboratory. Curitiba, PR, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Federal University of Paraná. Department of Veterinary Medicine. Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Laboratory. Curitiba, PR, Brazil.Federal University of Paraná. Department of Veterinary Medicine. Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Laboratory. Curitiba, PR, Brazil.Federal University of Paraná. Department of Veterinary Medicine. Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Laboratory. Curitiba, PR, Brazil.Federal University of Paraná. Department of Veterinary Medicine. Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Laboratory. Curitiba, PR, Brazil.Background Although commonly used, dissociative anesthesia results inunsatisfactory and long recovery periods. The intravenous anesthetic propofol seems to be the most advantageous solution. The objectives of this study were to investigate the required infusion rate of propofol to maintain surgical anesthesia and to compare it to tiletamine-zolazepam in Aotus infulatus. Methods Eight healthy feline night monkeys were anesthetized with propofol (PRO) or tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) during 60 minutes. Cardiopulmonary parameters, arterial blood gases and lactate and quality and times to recovery were determined.Results Mean infusion rate of propofol was 0.53 0.10 mg/kg/minute. Cardiopulmonary effects did not show marked differences between groups.Times for hanging, ventral recumbency, and normal ambulation were lowerin PRO. Establishment of desirable anesthetic depth was easier, recoveryquality was superior, and lactate levels were lower in PRO. Conclusions Compared with tiletamine-zolazepam, minor post-anesthetic adverse events should be expected with propofol anesthesia, as well as faster and better anesthetic recovery

Perturbed hematopoiesis in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome

Trisomy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) results in Down syndrome (DS), a disorder that affects many aspects of physiology, including hematopoiesis. DS children have greatly increased rates of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL); DS newborns present with transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD), a preleukemic form of AMKL. TMD and DS-AMKL almost always carry an acquired mutation in GATA1 resulting in exclusive synthesis of a truncated protein (GATA1s), suggesting that both trisomy 21 and GATA1 mutations are required for leukemogenesis. To gain further understanding of how Hsa21 contributes to hematopoietic abnormalities, we examined the Tc1 mouse model of DS, which carries an almost complete freely segregating copy of Hsa21, and is the most complete model of DS available. We show that although Tc1 mice do not develop leukemia, they have macrocytic anemia and increased extramedullary hematopoiesis. Introduction of GATA1s into Tc1 mice resulted in a synergistic increase in megakaryopoiesis, but did not result in leukemia or a TMD-like phenotype, demonstrating that GATA1s and trisomy of approximately 80% of Hsa21 perturb megakaryopoiesis but are insufficient to induce leukemia

The Astrobiology Primer v2.0

Astrobiology is the science that seeks to understand the story of life in our universe. Astrobiology includes investigation of the conditions that are necessary forlife to emerge and flourish, the origin of life, the ways that life has evolved and adaptedto the wide range of environmental conditions here on Earth, the search for life beyondEarth, the habitability of extraterrestrial environments, and consideration of the future oflife both here on Earth and elsewhere. It therefore requires knowledge of physics,chemistry and biology, and many more specialized scientific areas including astronomy,geology, planetary science, microbiology, atmospheric science and oceanography.Fil: Domagal Goldman, Shawn D.. National Aeronautics And Space Administration; Estados UnidosFil: Wright, Katherine. University Of Bristol; Reino UnidoFil: Adamala, Katarzyna. University Of Minnesota; Estados UnidosFil: Antonio, Marina. Washington State University. School Of Earth & Environmental Sciences; Estados UnidosFil: Arino de la Rubia, Leigh. University Of New South Wales; AustraliaFil: Carter Bond, Jade. University Of New South Wales; AustraliaFil: Dartnell, Lewis. University Of Leicester; Reino UnidoFil: Goldman, Aaron. Oberlin College; Reino UnidoFil: Paulino Lima, Ivan Glaucio. National Aeronautics And Space Administration; Estados UnidosFil: Lynch, Kennda. Colorado School; Estados UnidosFil: Naud, Marie Eve. Université Du Québec A Montreal; CanadáFil: Singer, Kelsi. Southwest Research Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Abrevaya, Ximena Celeste. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: Anderson, Rika. University of Washington; Estados UnidosFil: Arney, Giada. University of Washington; Estados UnidosFil: Atri, Dimitra. International Centre Of Theoretical Science. Tata Institute Of Fundamental Research; EspañaFil: Azua Bustos, Armando. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Bowman, Jeff. Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory; Estados UnidosFil: Brazelton, William. University of Utah; Estados UnidosFil: Brennecka, Gregory. Westfalische Wilhelms Universitat; AlemaniaFil: Carns, Regina. University of Washington; Estados UnidosFil: Chopra, Adytia. Australian National University; AustraliaFil: Collangelo Lillis, Jess. McGill University; Estados UnidosFil: Crockett, Christopher. University Of Carnegie Mellon; Estados UnidosFil: DeMarines, Julia. University Of Carnegie Mellon; Estados UnidosFil: Frank, Elizabeth. University Of Carnegie Mellon; Estados UnidosFil: Frantz, Carie. University of Washington; Estados UnidosFil: Galante, Douglas. Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory; BrasilFil: Glass, Jennifer. Georgia Institute Of Techology; Estados UnidosFil: Gleeson, Damhait. Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial; Españ

Altered regulation of tau phosphorylation in a mouse model of down syndrome aging

Down syndrome (DS) results from trisomy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) and is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, using the unique transchromosomic Tc1 mouse model of DS we investigate the influence of trisomy of Hsa21 on the protein tau, which is hyperphosphorylated in Alzheimer's disease. We show that in old, but not young, Tc1 mice increased phosphorylation of tau occurs at a site suggested to be targeted by the Hsa21 encoded kinase, dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A). We show that DYRK1A is upregulated in young and old Tc1 mice, but that young trisomic mice may be protected from accumulating aberrantly phosphorylated tau. We observe that the key tau kinase, glycogen synthase kinase3-β (GSK-3β) is aberrantly phosphorylated at an inhibitory site in the aged Tc1 brain which may reduce total glycogen synthase kinase3-β activity. It is possible that a similar mechanism may also occur in people with DS

The Astrobiology Primer v2.0

Astrobiology is the science that seeks to understand the story of life in our universe. Astrobiology includes investigation of the conditions that are necessary for life to emerge and flourish, the origin of life, the ways that life has evolved and adapted to the wide range of environmental conditions here on Earth, the search for life beyond Earth, the habitability of extraterrestrial environments, and consideration of the future of life here on Earth and elsewhere. It therefore requires knowledge of physics, chemistry, biology, and many more specialized scientific areas including astronomy, geology, planetary science, microbiology, atmospheric science, and oceanography. However, astrobiology is more than just a collection of different disciplines. In seeking to understand the full story of life in the Universe in a holistic way, astrobiology asks questions that transcend all these individual scientific subjects. Astrobiological research potentially has much broader consequences than simply scientific discovery, as it includes questions that have been of great interest to human beings for millennia (e.g., are we alone?) and raises issues that could affect the way the human race views and conducts itself as a species (e.g., what are our ethical responsibilities to any life discovered beyond Earth?)