Prediction of forbidden ultraviolet and visible emissions in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Remote observation of spectroscopic emissions is a potential tool for the identification and quantification of various species in comets. CO Cameron band (to trace \cod) and atomic oxygen emissions (to trace H$_2$O and/or CO$_2$, CO) have been used to probe neutral composition in the cometary coma. Using a coupled-chemistry emission model, various excitation processes controlling CO Cameron band and different atomic oxygen and atomic carbon have been modelled in comet 67P-Churyumov-Gerasimenko at 1.29~AU (perihelion) and at 3~AU heliocentric distances, which is being explored by ESA's Rosetta mission. The intensities of CO Cameron band, atomic oxygen and atomic carbon emission lines as a function of projected distance are calculated for different CO and CO$_2$ volume mixing ratios relative to water. Contributions of different excitation processes controlling these emissions are quantified. We assess how CO$_2$ and/or CO volume mixing ratios with respect to H$_2$O can be derived based on the observed intensities of CO Cameron band, atomic oxygen, and atomic carbon emission lines.The results presented in this work serve as base line calculations to understand the behaviour of low out-gassing cometary coma and compare them with the higher gas production rate cases (e.g. comet Halley). Quantitative analysis of different excitation processes governing the spectroscopic emissions is essential to study the chemistry of inner coma and to derive neutral gas composition.Comment: 46 pages, 12 figures, Accepted in The Astrophysical Journa

An evaluation of best compromise search in graphs

This work evaluates two different approaches for multicriteria graph search problems using compromise preferences. This approach focuses search on a single solution that represents a balanced tradeoff between objectives, rather than on the whole set of Pareto optimal solutions. We review the main concepts underlying compromise preferences, and two main approaches proposed for their solution in heuristic graph problems: naive Pareto search (NAMOA ), and a k-shortest-path approach (kA ). The performance of both approaches is evaluated on sets of standard bicriterion road map problems. The experiments reveal that the k-shortest-path approach looses effectiveness in favor of naive Pareto search as graph size increases. The reasons for this behavior are analyzed and discussedPartially funded by P07-TIC-03018, Cons. Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa (Junta Andalucía), and Univ. Málaga, Campus Excel. Int. Andalucía Tec

Auxiliary Cadences and the Binary Rondo

James Hepokoski’s and Warren Darcy’s Elements of Sonata Theory is fast emerging as one the most influential theories of form to have been advanced in recent decades. The authors only briefly discuss some of the Schenkerian implications of their work, but what they have to say is intriguing and opens up broad avenues of future research. This essay contributes to that research program. It focuses on the Schenkerian notion of the auxiliary cadence and how it manifests itself in a formal design that up until recently has not been well understood, namely the category of rondo that Hepokoski and Darcy have termed the Type 41 sonata. To that end, I analyze the role that the auxiliary cadence plays in a group of four closely-related Type 41 rondos: the finales of Beethoven’s Piano Concerto, Op. 58; his String Quartet Op. 59/2; Brahms’s Piano Concerto, Op. 83; and his String Quintet, Op. 111. I also touch briefly on the finale to Schubert’s late Piano Sonata in B-flat, D. 960. It is possible—although it cannot be proven—that the Beethoven finales provided a model for Schubert’s and Brahms’s. This article is part of a special, serialized feature: A Music-Theoretical Matrix: Essays in Honor of Allen Forte (Part V)

The Turn from the Aesthetic

The aesthetic can lead to revelations concerning that about which we care deeply. Revelation arises in rifts, such as that faced when we encounter others. It is tempting to dismiss Enlightenment aesthetics on the grounds that it entails a false universalization of subjective experience that verges on an ethics of mastery and possession. But such mastery would involve treating the other as a thing, a tool, a means rather than an end. Without saving some space for the relative autonomy of aesthetic experience, not only might we lose the critical function of art, but Tomlinson's sublime vision of a commitment to "a thousand different musics"-and to their makers-will have given up its role as a regulative demand and become an empty utopia. I argue in part one of this essay that the postmodernist distrust of the aesthetic needs to be tempered by a recovery of what was originally at stake in the positing of such an autonomous sphere. A second, related issue, to be explored in part two, concerns Tomlinson's description of how we encounter others. I question his account of incommensurability between the conceptual schemes that interlocutors bring into such encounters

Charles Pinot Duclos, a humanitarian view of man's social role in the eighteenth century

The introduction indicates the place occupied by Charles Pinot Duclos in the development of ideas expressed in eighteenth-century literature, and refers to the subjects to be discussed in the thesis. Chapter One puts forward Duclos's attitude towards religion, and examines the role of the Church within society. This chapter seeks to define Duclos's view of the human condition, and to demonstrate the link between his definition of virtue and man's quest for personal happiness. Chapter Two examines the position of women in society, and discusses the issue of virtue in relation to chastity. This chapter studies the socialresponsibilities of the individual with reference to sensibility, intelligence and social rank. Chapter Three addresses the issue of education in relation to gender and class. This chapter discusses the aims of different types of education, and raises criticisms of the educational system in the eighteenth century. Chapter Four examines the changes within society brought about by redistribution of wealth and by intermarriage between social classes. It describes the social positions afforded by various careers, and discusses the institution of marriage with reference to passion and reason. This chapter investigates the issue of female emancipation in the eighteenth century. Chapter Five seeks to define the place occupied by men of letters in theeighteenth century, and discusses their literary and social responsibilities. This chapter appraises Duclos's literary role and achievements; it studies the relationship between the writer and the reading public; and assesses the influence of the salons. The conclusion evaluates the extent of Duclos's skills as a writer, and defines the limits of his observations. It summarizes his analysis of man's social role with respect to the individual and to the community, and evaluates the humanitarian character of Charles Pinot Duclos

XUV-driven mass loss from extrasolar giant planets orbiting active stars

Upper atmospheres of Hot Jupiters are subject to extreme radiation conditions that can result in rapid atmospheric escape. The composition and structure of the upper atmospheres of these planets are affected by the high-energy spectrum of the host star. This emission depends on stellar type and age, which are thus important factors in understanding the behaviour of exoplanetary atmospheres. In this study, we focus on Extrasolar Giant Planets (EPGs) orbiting K and M dwarf stars. XUV spectra for three different stars – ∊ Eridani, AD Leonis and AU Microscopii – are constructed using a coronal model. Neutral density and temperature profiles in the upper atmosphere of hypothetical EGPs orbiting these stars are then obtained from a fluid model, incorporating atmospheric chemistry and taking atmospheric escape into account. We find that a simple scaling based solely on the host star’s X-ray emission gives large errors in mass loss rates from planetary atmospheres and so we have derived a new method to scale the EUV regions of the solar spectrum based upon stellar X-ray emission. This new method produces an outcome in terms of the planet’s neutral upper atmosphere very similar to that obtained using a detailed coronal model of the host star. Our results indicate that in planets subjected to radiation from active stars, the transition from Jeans escape to a regime of hydrodynamic escape at the top of the atmosphere occurs at larger orbital distances than for planets around low activity stars (such as the Sun)

Morten Bergsmo and Ling Yan (eds). State Sovereignty and International Criminal Law

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