Multi-assets real options

Real options present a wide topic in investment litterature nowadays. However, despite big advances in the single asset investment pricing, the theory is miser of informations about problems involving more than one asset. We show in this paper that using dynamic programming, one can find an analytic trigger for a three assets simple exchange problem. Although we get a forward investment rule, one can not find the precise option value ex ante but only an average value. The precise option value depends on the first exit time from the continuation region which is stochastic. This is a quite intuitive effect of the course of dimensionality of the problem. Valuating a single asset project gives a single condition for the optimal decision rule. The same holds for the simple exchange problem with two assets since the value of the project just depends on the price over cost ratio. In a three assets problem, as the project don't depend anymore of a single state variable, one can't region.real options, dynamic programming, price and cost uncertainty

Corporal Punishment as an Educational Practice for Burundian Children's Maladaptive Behavior: The Assessment of the Disposition of Children Education Stakeholders

Our study aims to investigate the factors that produce and sustain the use of corporal punishment in education in Burundi. To collect data, we used a life story approach with semi-structured interviews and direct and indirect observation of educational actors. Analysis of the empirical corpus of 50 educational actors enabled us to highlight the social and educational experiences of our interviewees drawn from their childhood. Religious beliefs, the personality of the educators and psychic tensions linked to the general context are the main reasons for the use of corporal punishment. The majority of our interviewees, including teachers, support the use of corporal punishment, provided it does not exceed certain limits. Sensitivity to the effects of corporal punishment on children is generally low. It changes and rises to physical and economic effects, which arise when corporal punishment results in serious bodily harm, requiring prolonged hospitalization of the victim. For our respondents, not punishing children would be synonymous with cowardice, a violation of biblical scripture, with a high risk of exposing children to more dangerous consequences. Finally, to prevent and reduce the early onset of maladaptive behavior in children, the introduction of positive parenting programs is indispensable in Burundian education

Corporal Punishment as an Educational Practice for Burundian Children's Maladaptive Behavior: The Assessment of the Disposition of Children Education Stakeholders

Our study aims to investigate the factors that produce and sustain the use of corporal punishment in education in Burundi. To collect data, we used a life story approach with semi-structured interviews and direct and indirect observation of educational actors. Analysis of the empirical corpus of 50 educational actors enabled us to highlight the social and educational experiences of our interviewees drawn from their childhood. Religious beliefs, the personality of the educators and psychic tensions linked to the general context are the main reasons for the use of corporal punishment. The majority of our interviewees, including teachers, support the use of corporal punishment, provided it does not exceed certain limits. Sensitivity to the effects of corporal punishment on children is generally low. It changes and rises to physical and economic effects, which arise when corporal punishment results in serious bodily harm, requiring prolonged hospitalization of the victim. For our respondents, not punishing children would be synonymous with cowardice, a violation of biblical scripture, with a high risk of exposing children to more dangerous consequences. Finally, to prevent and reduce the early onset of maladaptive behavior in children, the introduction of positive parenting programs is indispensable in Burundian education

Corporal Punishment as an Educational Practice for Burundian Children's Maladaptive Behavior: The Assessment of the Disposition of Children Education Stakeholders

Our study aims to investigate the factors that produce and sustain the use of corporal punishment in education in Burundi. To collect data, we used a life story approach with semi-structured interviews and direct and indirect observation of educational actors. Analysis of the empirical corpus of 50 educational actors enabled us to highlight the social and educational experiences of our interviewees drawn from their childhood. Religious beliefs, the personality of the educators and psychic tensions linked to the general context are the main reasons for the use of corporal punishment. The majority of our interviewees, including teachers, support the use of corporal punishment, provided it does not exceed certain limits. Sensitivity to the effects of corporal punishment on children is generally low. It changes and rises to physical and economic effects, which arise when corporal punishment results in serious bodily harm, requiring prolonged hospitalization of the victim. For our respondents, not punishing children would be synonymous with cowardice, a violation of biblical scripture, with a high risk of exposing children to more dangerous consequences. Finally, to prevent and reduce the early onset of maladaptive behavior in children, the introduction of positive parenting programs is indispensable in Burundian education

Children in Street Situations, Their Determinants, Survival and Strategies. Case of the City of Bujumbura

The aim of this article is to establish the link between the determinants of street life and the violence experienced by children and their survival in the city of Bujumbura. To gather the experiences of our interviewees, we used a life history with semi-structured interviews, and direct and indirect observation. To identify emerging themes, we carried out a thematic analysis of the interview content. Analysis of the empirical corpus of 43 street children reveals nine determinants at the root of the street child phenomenon, grouped into two categories, namely environmental and personal and interpersonal determinants centered on parent-child relationships. There are also determinants linked to educational styles that interact with the child's behavior. The stepmother is often perceived by children and their in-laws as a "ferocious animal’’, even in the absence of a negative upbringing. When family life fails, the street becomes an alternative. Exposed to all forms of violence, child victims become violent, and the cycle of violence is fueled. Stories of life on the streets show that every child has his/ her problems. Previous results show that the determinants of street life are multifactorial and have causal links that are part of a cyclical context of violence. Our results go further, proving that in addition to environmental determinants, there are also personal and interpersonal ones. Combating this phenomenon requires preventive action at the primary, secondary and tertiary levels: preventing the development of the problem, intervening early and, finally, treating the consequences and reintegrating the children

Le Concours théâtral interafricain : quelles archives ? quels usages ?

Créé par l’Office de coopération radiophonique (OCORA) en 1967, le Concours théâtral interafricain, objet radiophonique et compétition dramaturgique, poursuit deux objectifs : surmonter les difficultés d’accès à l’édition et aux structures de représentation ; sur la demande des directeurs des radiodiffusions africaines, initier un programme tout à la fois culturel et attractif. Du tournant des années soixante à 1991, depuis l’OCORA jusqu’à Radio France Internationale (RFI), le Concours théâtral interafricain devient, au gré de ses éditions, une instance destinée à légitimer les dramaturges africains. Fondée sur une recherche en cours, cette chronique s’intéressera à ses archives encore très largement méconnues et étudiées

Les tempos de l’écriture – Gaël Faye

Céline Gahungu : Quand avez-vous commencé à écrire et à avoir une activité littéraire ? De quel type d’écrits s’agissait-il ? Gaël Faye : Je n’ai jamais eu l’impression de commencer. Je me souviens de la première fois que j’ai écrit un texte, c’était un acte étrange car j’étais jeune et n’aimais pas écrire. Avec le recul, désormais, je comprends, mais à ce moment-là je ne comprenais pas pourquoi j’avais envie d’écrire. J’avais douze ans, je vivais à Bujumbura, il y avait la guerre autour de n..

« L’œuvre ! L’œuvre ! »

Ce dixième numéro de Continents manuscrits s’intéresse aux premiers pas littéraires des écrivains, à la naissance de leurs œuvres, aux balbutiements de leur style, aux métamorphoses de leurs identités littéraires dans leur autogenèse – ce qu’on pourrait appeler le devenir-écrivain. S’interroger sur cet objet, le devenir-écrivain, serait-ce sacrifier à une « curiosité fétichiste » à l’endroit « des accidents de [l]a vie de débutant », passer outre les ruptures épistémologiques opérées par le ..

La Gueule de rechange : l’« impitoyable acrobatie » de Sony Labou Tansi

Cet article se propose de démontrer que la création de La Gueule de rechange correspond à un moment singulier de la trajectoire sonyenne. Le jeune homme rêve d’inventer des œuvres horrifiques et imagine cette pièce qui pose de véritables défis à la représentation. Mémoire d’une « folie inépuisable », le manuscrit manifeste le désir de créer une écriture radicale, hantée par la violence et l’étrange

Présentation

Si des études consacrées à Yambo Ouologuem n’ont cessé de paraître depuis le tournant des années 1970 – de Bernard Mouralis et Christiane Chaulet Achour à Christopher Wise, des recherches fondatrices ont contribué à mettre en perspective sa poétique et sa trajectoire –, les travaux récents signalent un regain d’intérêt pour l’écrivain dernièrement disparu, dont le célèbre roman Le Devoir de violence vient d’être réédité aux Éditions du Seuil cinquante ans après sa première publication, en 196..