Estudio y propuesta de mejoras en los tiempos de proceso en el Servicio de Atención a Clientes en CGE Distribución, oficina Concepción

Tesis (Ingeniero Civil Industrial)En el presente trabajo, se realizará un análisis de los tiempos de atención a los clientes en la oficina comercial de la ciudad de Concepción, de la empresa eléctrica CGE Distribución S. A., realizando una comparación con los estándares de tiempo que la propia empresa se ha puesto como metas. Esto está basado en el programa de mejoramiento de sus relaciones con los clientes denominado Custome Experience (CeX), el cual nació como resultado del indicador NPS (Net Promoter Score) aplicado en el segundo semestre del año 2015, cuando el nuevo controlador, Gas Natural Fenosa, tomó posesión de la empresa. Adicionalmente se presentarán propuestas de mejoras en el proceso de atención a los clientes, luego de obtener y analizar los resultados de pruebas de estas propuestas en el software ProModel, el cual tiene como característica principal que permite simular cualquier tipo de sistemas, encontrando los valores óptimos de los parámetros claves del modelo

Dimensionamiento de parcela experimental en lechuga (Lactuca sativa) variedad veneranda conducida en sistema hidropónico recirculante de nutrientes: Sizing of experimental plot in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) variety veneranda conducted in hydroponic system recirculating nutrientes

Con el objetivo de determinar el tamaño adecuado de parcela en experimento con lechuga variedad veneranda conducido en el sistema hidropónico NFT fue montado un experimento en la ciudad de San Lorenzo – PY, en coordenadas coordenadas geográficas 25°19′59″S y 57°31′59″O. El experimento se desarrolló entre los meses de agosto a octubre del 2020, y fue conducido en un ensayo de uniformidad cuya población estuvo compuesta por 100 plantas de lechuga, variedad veneranda. La primera etapa del cultivo se realizó en la mesa de maternidad, para las siguientes etapas del cultivo se montaron caños con medidas específicas para cada etapa (intermedia, 10 caños de 50mm, y final, 10 caños de 75mm de diámetro). Cada caño, en cada etapa, alojo 10 plantas. La conductividad eléctrica vario según el estadio de desarrollo de la planta, etapa inicial 0,8 micro Siemens/cm (µS/cm), etapa intermedia 1,3(µS/cm) y etapa final 1.8µS/cm. La variable analizada fue: el peso individual de las lechugas; posteriormente, vía modelo lineal segmentado con respuesta plato se determinó que el tamaño adecuado de parcela en experimento con lechuga variedad Veneranda en sistema cerrado NFT es 0,52m² de área o siete plantas. En base a lo expuesto se recomienda, en parcelas experimentales con lechuga var. Veneranda, utilizar siete plantas en cada unidad experimental básica y realizar nuevas estimaciónes en caso de utilizar diferente variedad o sistema de producción

Soil Bacterial Communities From the Chilean Andean Highlands: Taxonomic Composition and Culturability

The Atacama Desert is a highly complex, extreme ecosystem which harbors microorganisms remarkable for their biotechnological potential. Here, a soil bacterial prospection was carried out in the high Altiplano region of the Atacama Desert (>3,800 m above sea level; m a.s.l.), where direct anthropogenic interference is minimal. We studied: (1) soil bacterial community composition using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and (2) bacterial culturability, by using a soil extract medium (SEM) under a factorial design of three factors: temperature (15 and 30°C), nutrient content (high and low nutrient disposal) and oxygen availability (presence and absence). A total of 4,775 OTUs were identified and a total of 101 isolates were selected for 16S rRNA sequencing, 82 of them corresponded to unique or non-redundant sequences. To expand our view of the Altiplano landscape and to obtain a better representation of its microbiome, we complemented our Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and isolate collection with data from other previous data from our group and obtained a merged set of OTUs and isolates that we used to perform our study. Taxonomic comparisons between culturable microbiota and metabarcoding data showed an overrepresentation of the phylum Firmicutes (44% of isolates vs. 2% of OTUs) and an underrepresentation of Proteobacteria (8% of isolates vs. 36% of OTUs). Within the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) results, 33% of the OTUs were unknown up to genus, revealing an important proportion of putative new species in this environment. Biochemical characterization and analysis extracted from the literature indicated that an important number of our isolates had biotechnological potential. Also, by comparing our results with similar studies on other deserts, the Altiplano highland was most similar to a cold arid desert. In summary, our study contributes to expand the knowledge of soil bacterial communities in the Atacama Desert and complements the pipeline to isolate selective bacteria that could represent new potential biotechnological resources

Fisiopatología y alteraciones clínicas de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2: revisión de literatura

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a debilitating, degenerative and multifaceted clinical condition with a high prevalence worldwide. Given the complexity of its pathophysiology and the various therapeutic options that exist, this disease presents a challenge for the general practitioner, it is imperative to understand this pathology to improve its resolution in primary care. After an exhaustive bibliographic search of 103 studies published up to 2010, the most important aspects of both the physiology, pathophysiology, complications, and therapeutics of this pathology were identified. Insulin resistance (IR) is a central metabolic condition in the etiopathogenesis of this pathology. Classically it is possible to recognize both the loss of the peripheral action of insulin by the different tissues as well as defects in the secretion of insulin that leads to constant hyperglycemic states associated with both acute and chronic complications characterized by causing dysfunction and failure in different organs. It is generally known that an important part of the results in the management of this pathology are achieved with changes in lifestyle that range from modifications in diet to changes in the pattern of physical activity with loss of body weight. However, there also is a wide range of pharmacological therapies aimed at controlling hyperglycemic states in the event of the failure of non-pharmacological therapy. Within this same context, there are several therapeutic targets and objectives in the treatment of type 2 diabetics, however, they all converge in the metabolic control of hyperglycemic states and the prevention of their complications.La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 constituye una condición clínica debilitante, degenerativa y multifacética de alta prevalencia a nivel mundial. Dada la complejidad de su fisiopatología y las variadas opciones terapéuticas que existen esta enfermedad presenta un desafío para el médico general, se hace imperativo describir comprensiblemente esta patología para mejorar la resolutividad de ésta en atención primaria. Tras una búsqueda bibliográfica exhaustiva de 103 estudios publicados hasta el año 2010, se identificaron los aspectos más importantes tanto de la fisiología, fisiopatología, complicaciones y terapéuticas de esta patología. La resistencia a la insulina (RI) es una condición metabólica central en la etiopatogenia de esta patología donde se logra reconocer de manera clásica tanto la pérdida de la acción periférica de la insulina por parte de los diferentes tejidos, así como defectos en la secreción de insulina conllevando estados de hiperglucemia constantes asociados tanto a complicaciones agudas como crónicas caracterizadas por provocar disfunción y fallo en diferentes órganos. Es de conocimiento general que parte importante de los resultados en el manejo de esta patología se logran con cambios en el estilo de vida que van desde modificaciones en la dieta a cambios en el patrón de actividad física con pérdida de peso corporal. No obstante, existe a su vez una amplia gama de terapias farmacológicas orientadas a controlar estados hiperglucémicos ante la falla de la terapia no farmacológica. Dentro de este mismo contexto varias son las dianas y objetivos terapéuticos en el tratamiento del diabético tipo 2, sin embargo, todas confluyen en el control metabólico de los estados de hiperglucemia y la prevención de sus complicaciones

Testing the stress gradient hypothesis in soil bacterial communities associated with vegetation belts in the Andean Atacama Desert

17 Pág.Soil microorganisms are in constant interaction with plants, and these interactions shape the composition of soil bacterial communities by modifying their environment. However, little is known about the relationship between microorganisms and native plants present in extreme environments that are not affected by human intervention. Using high-throughput sequencing in combination with random forest and co-occurrence network analyses, we compared soil bacterial communities inhabiting the rhizosphere surrounding soil (RSS) and the corresponding bulk soil (BS) of 21 native plant species organized into three vegetation belts along the altitudinal gradient (2400-4500 m a.s.l.) of the Talabre-Lejía transect (TLT) in the slopes of the Andes in the Atacama Desert. We assessed how each plant community influenced the taxa, potential functions, and ecological interactions of the soil bacterial communities in this extreme natural ecosystem. We tested the ability of the stress gradient hypothesis, which predicts that positive species interactions become increasingly important as stressful conditions increase, to explain the interactions among members of TLT soil microbial communities.This study was funded by ANID FONDECYT Grants 1201278 to MG, 11200319 to DM, 3190194 to JM and 1211893 to VC, and ANID-MILENIO-CN2021-044. LAC was supported by ANID FB21006 and ACT210038. AG was supported by ANID Ph.D. Fellowship 21210808. Research was supported by the "Severo Ochoa Program for Centers of Excellence in R&D" from the Agencia Estatal de Investigación of Spain (Grant SEV-2016-0672 (2017-2021)) to the CBGP. BG-J was supported by a Postdoctoral contract associated to the Severo Ochoa Program. In addition, this research was partially supported by the supercomputing infrastructure of the NLHPC (ECM-02) (Powered@NLHPC).Peer reviewe

Differences in the immune response elicited by two immunization schedules with an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in a randomized phase 3 clinical trial

BACKGROUND: The development of vaccines to control the COVID-19 pandemic progression is a worldwide priority. CoronaVac® is an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine approved for emergency use with robust efficacy and immunogenicity data reported in trials in China, Brazil, Indonesia, Turkey, and Chile. METHODS: This study is a randomized, multicenter, and controlled phase 3 trial in healthy Chilean adults aged ≥18 years. Volunteers received two doses of CoronaVac® separated by two (0-14 schedule) or four weeks (0-28 schedule). 2,302 volunteers were enrolled, 440 were part of the immunogenicity arm, and blood samples were obtained at different times. Samples from a single center are reported. Humoral immune responses were evaluated by measuring the neutralizing capacities of circulating antibodies. Cellular immune responses were assessed by ELISPOT and flow cytometry. Correlation matrixes were performed to evaluate correlations in the data measured. RESULTS: Both schedules exhibited robust neutralizing capacities with the response induced by the 0-28 schedule being better. No differences were found in the concentration of antibodies against the virus and different variants of concern between schedules. Stimulation of PBMCs with MPs induced the secretion of IFN-g and the expression of activation induced markers for both schedules. Correlation matrixes showed strong correlations between neutralizing antibodies and IFN-g secretion. CONCLUSIONS: Immunization with CoronaVac® in Chilean adults promotes robust cellular and humoral immune responses. The 0-28 schedule induced a stronger humoral immune response than the 0-14 schedule. FUNDING: Ministry of Health, Government of Chile, Confederation of Production and Commerce & Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Chile. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: NCT04651790

Isolation and Identification of Soil Bacteria from Extreme Environments of Chile and Their Plant Beneficial Characteristics

The isolation of soil bacteria from extreme environments represents a major challenge, but also an opportunity to characterize the metabolic potential of soil bacteria that could promote the growth of plants inhabiting these harsh conditions. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify bacteria from two Chilean desert environments and characterize the beneficial traits for plants through a biochemical approach. By means of different culture strategies, we obtained 39 bacterial soil isolates from the Coppermine Peninsula (Antarctica) and 32 from Lejía Lake shore soil (Atacama Desert). The results obtained from the taxonomic classification and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences indicated that the isolates belonged to four phyla (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes), and that the most represented genus at both sites was Pseudomonas. Regarding biochemical characterization, all strains displayed in vitro PGP capabilities, but these were in different proportions that grouped them according to their site of origin. This study contributes with microbial isolates from natural extreme environments with biotechnological potentials in improving plant growth under cold stress

Analysis of Piscirickettsia salmonis Metabolism Using Genome-Scale Reconstruction, Modeling, and Testing

International audiencePiscirickettsia salmonis is an intracellular bacterial fish pathogen that causes piscirickettsiosis, a disease with highly adverse impact in the Chilean salmon farming industry. The development of effective treatment and control methods for piscireckttsiosis is still a challenge. To meet it the number of studies on P. salmonis has grown in the last couple of years but many aspects of the pathogen's biology are still poorly understood. Studies on its metabolism are scarce and only recently a metabolic model for reference strain LF-89 was developed. We present a new genome-scale model for P. salmonis LF-89 with more than twice as many genes as in the previous model and incorporating specific elements of the fish pathogen metabolism. Comparative analysis with models of different bacterial pathogens revealed a lower flexibility in P. salmonis metabolic network. Through constraint-based analysis, we determined essential metabolites required for its growth and showed that it can benefit from different carbon sources tested experimentally in new defined media. We also built an additional model for strain A1-15972, and together with an analysis of P. salmonis pangenome, we identified metabolic features that differentiate two main species clades. Both models constitute a knowledge-base for P. salmonis metabolism and can be used to guide the efficient culture of the pathogen and the identification of specific drug targets

Teorías implícitas y modelos de formación subyacentes a la percepción de rol del profesor de Educación Física

The present study used a mixed approach of research to analyze the implicit theories and models of formation underlying the perception of the role associated with physical education teachers in Chilean university students who begin their period of training. Therefore, a sample of 77 students (57.1% male, 42.9% females) from two universities, aged between 18 and 20 years old (x: 19.2 years), was selected. The most significant results revealed high influence of previous experience on the evaluation of subjects and on the perception of the teaching role, as well as emphasis on teachers’ personal attributes and attitudes above methodological, conceptual, and value aspects. Based on that, there is a predominance of the pedagogical model and of the educational theory as implicit theories underlying the perception of teachers’ role and, alongside, an emphasis on practical formation models so to better approach work expectations related with teaching. The implications and challenges that such reality entails for universities and training centers in the discipline are analyzed.El presente estudio emplea un enfoque mixto de investigación para analizar las teorías implícitas y modelos de formación subyacentes a la percepción del rol asociado al profesor de Educación Física en estudiantes universitarios chilenos que comienzan su período de formación. Para ello, se utilizó una muestra de 77 alumnos pertenecientes a dos universidades (57,1 % de sexo masculino y 42,9% de sexo femenino) con edades entre los 18 y los 20 años (x: 19,2 años). Los resultados más significativos revelan la alta influencia de la experiencia previa en la valoración de la asignatura y en la percepción del rol docente así como un énfasis en atributos personales y actitudinales del profesor por sobre aspectos metodológicos, conceptuales y valóricos. A partir de ello, se observa el predominio del modelo pedagógico y la teoría educativa como teoría implícita subyacente a la percepción de rol docente y, con ello, el énfasis en un modelo práctico de formación para poder abordar de mejor forma la expectativa laboral ligada a la docencia. Se analizan las implicancias y desafíos que tal realidad conlleva para las universidades y centros de formación en la disciplina

Bioprospecting of Plant Growth-Promoting Traits of <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. Strain C3 Isolated from the Atacama Desert: Molecular and Culture-Based Analysis

Soil microorganisms that inhabit extreme environments have unique metabolic capacities and/or physical structures that allow them to survive in oligotrophic conditions. The bioprospecting of unknown bacteria in the context of current advances in genome mining is fundamental for the discovery of natural products with novel properties or applications. In this study, the plant growth-promoting and biocontrol traits of a Pseudomonas isolated from soil associated with plants from the Atacama Desert were characterized by whole-genome sequencing and in vitro assays. A high-quality genome draft of Pseudomonas sp. isolate C3 was obtained. An automated biosynthetic gene cluster analysis using antiSMASH 6.0 revealed the presence of a cluster of genes for the biosynthesis, regulation, and transport of the metabolite 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, which showed a high protein sequence identity (>89%) with a validated orthologous gene cluster from another Pseudomonas. In addition, via an in vitro assay, the biocontrol activity of Pseudomonas sp. isolate C3 against Botrytis cinerea, Monilinia fructicola, Phytium sp., Alternaria sp., Geotrichum candidum, and Fusarium oxysporum was corroborated. Finally, through KofamKOALA, the presence of genes involved in different metabolic pathways of plant growth-promoting traits was identified, which was corroborated by in vitro assays. This study provides information obtained from genomic analyses and culture tools on a bacterial isolate from the Atacama Desert characterized by plant growth-promoting capacities and biocontrol activity