594 research outputs found
Second case of European bat lyssavirus type 2 detected in a Daubenton’s bat in Finland
European bat lyssavirus type 2 (EBLV-2) was detected in Finland in a Daubenton’s bat (Myotis daubentonii) found in the municipality of Inkoo (60°02′45″N, 024°00′20″E). The bat showed neurological signs and was later found dead. The laboratory analysis revealed the presence of lyssavirus, and the virus was characterized as EBLV-2. This isolation of EBLV-2 was the second time that the virus has been detected in a Daubenton’s bat in Finland. This provides additional proof that EBLV-2 is endemic in the Finnish Daubenton’s bat population
The effect of the noncentral impurity-matrix interaction upon the thermal expansion and polyamorphism of solid CO-C60 solutions at low temperatures
Orientational glasses with CO molecules occupying 26% and 90% of the
octahedral interstitial sites in the C60 lattice have been investigated by the
dilatometric method in a temperature interval of 2.5 - 23 K. At temperatures 4
- 6 K the glasses undergo a first-order phase transition which is evident from
the hysteresis of the thermal expansion and the maxima in the temperature
dependences of the linear thermal expansion coefficients, and the
thermalization times of the samples. The effect of the noncentral CO-C60
interaction upon the thermal expansion and the phase transition in these
glasses was clarified by comparing the behavior of the properties of the CO-C60
and N2-C60 solutions.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure
Metabolic synergies in the biotransformation of organic and metallic toxic compounds by a saprotrophic soil fungus
The saprotrophic fungus Penicillium griseofulvum was chosen as model organism to study responses to a mixture of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers (α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH) and of potentially toxic metals (vanadium, lead) in solid and liquid media. The P. griseofulvum FBL 500 strain was isolated from polluted soil containing high concentrations of HCH isomers and potentially toxic elements (Pb, V). Experiments were performed in order to analyse the tolerance/resistance of this fungus to xenobiotics, and to shed further light on fungal potential in inorganic and organic biotransformations. The aim was to examine the ecological and bioremedial potential of this fungus verifying the presence of mechanisms that allow it to transform HCH isomers and metals under different, extreme, test conditions. To our knowledge, this work is the first to provide evidence on the biotransformation of HCH mixtures, in combination with toxic metals, by a saprotrophic non-white-rot fungus and on the metabolic synergies involved
Small Big Data: Using multiple data-sets to explore unfolding social and economic change
Bold approaches to data collection and large-scale quantitative advances have long been a preoccupation for social
science researchers. In this commentary we further debate over the use of large-scale survey data and official statistics
with ‘Big Data’ methodologists, and emphasise the ability of these resources to incorporate the essential social and
cultural heredity that is intrinsic to the human sciences. In doing so, we introduce a series of new data-sets that integrate
approximately 30 years of survey data on victimisation, fear of crime and disorder and social attitudes with indicators
of socio-economic conditions and policy outcomes in Britain. The data-sets that we outline below do not conform to
typical conceptions of ‘Big Data’. But, we would contend, they are ‘big’ in terms of the volume, variety and complexity of
data which has been collated (and to which additional data can be linked) and ‘big’ also in that they allow us to explore
key questions pertaining to how social and economic policy change at the national level alters the attitudes and experiences
of citizens. Importantly, they are also ‘small’ in the sense that the task of rendering the data usable, linking it and
decoding it, required both manual processing and tacit knowledge of the context of the data and intentions of its
creators
Biotransformation of lanthanum by Aspergillus niger
Lanthanum is an important rare earth element and has many applications in modern electronics and catalyst manufacturing. However, there exist several obstacles in the recovery and cycling of this element due to a low average grade in exploitable deposits and low recovery rates by energy-intensive extraction procedures. In this work, a novel method to transform and recover La has been proposed using the geoactive properties of Aspergillus niger. La-containing crystals were formed and collected after A. niger was grown on Czapek-Dox agar medium amended with LaCl 3. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) showed the crystals contained C, O, and La; scanning electron microscopy revealed that the crystals were of a tabular structure with terraced surfaces. X-ray diffraction identified the mineral phase of the sample as La 2(C 2O 4) 3·10H 2O. Thermogravimetric analysis transformed the oxalate crystals into La 2O 3 with the kinetics of thermal decomposition corresponding well with theoretical calculations. Geochemical modelling further confirmed that the crystals were lanthanum decahydrate and identified optimal conditions for their precipitation. To quantify crystal production, biomass-free fungal culture supernatants were used to precipitate La. The results showed that the precipitated lanthanum decahydrate achieved optimal yields when the concentration of La was above 15 mM and that 100% La was removed from the system at 5 mM La. Our findings provide a new aspect in the biotransformation and biorecovery of rare earth elements from solution using biomass-free fungal culture systems. </p
Neural correlates of multi-day learning and savings in sensorimotor adaptation
Abstract In the present study we evaluated changes in neural activation that occur over the time course of multiple days of sensorimotor adaptation, and identified individual neural predictors of adaptation and savings magnitude. We collected functional MRI data while participants performed a manual adaptation task during four separate test sessions over a three-month period. This allowed us to examine changes in activation and associations with adaptation and savings at subsequent sessions. Participants exhibited reliable savings of adaptation across the four sessions. Brain activity associated with early adaptation increased across the sessions in a variety of frontal, parietal, cingulate, and temporal cortical areas, as well as various subcortical areas. We found that savings was positively associated with activation in several striatal, parietal, and cingulate cortical areas including the putamen, precuneus, angular gyrus, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), and cingulate motor area. These findings suggest that participants may learn how to better engage cognitive processes across days, potentially reflecting improvements in action selection. We propose that such improvements may rely on action-value assignments, which previously have been linked to the dACC and striatum. As correct movements are assigned a higher value than incorrect movements, the former are more likely to be performed again
Low temperature heat capacity of fullerite C60 doped with nitrogen
The heat capacity Cm of polycrystalline fullerite C60 doped with nitrogen has
been measured in the temperature interval 2 - 13 K. The contributions to heat
capacity from translational lattice vibrations (Debye contribution),
orientational vibrations of the C60 molecules (Einstein contribution) and from
the motion of the N2 molecules in the octahedral cavities of the C60 lattice
have been estimated. However, we could not find (beyond the experimental error
limits) any indications of the first - order phase transformation that had been
detected earlier in the dilatometric investigation of the orientational N2-C60
glass. A possible explanation of this fact is proposed.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, to be published in Fiz. Nizk. Temp. (Low Temp.
Phys.
A registry-based follow-up study, comparing the incidence of cardiovascular disease in native Danes and immigrants born in Turkey, Pakistan and the former Yugoslavia: do social inequalities play a role?
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>This study compared the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between native Danes and immigrants born in Turkey, Pakistan and the former Yugoslavia. Furthermore, we examined whether different indicators of socioeconomic status (SES), such as employment, income and housing conditions influenced potential differences.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In this registry-based follow-up study individuals were identified in a large database that included individuals from two major regions in Denmark, corresponding to about 60% of the Danish population. Incident cases of CVD and AMI included fatal and non-fatal events and were taken from registries. Using Cox regression models, we estimated incidence rates at 5-year follow-up.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Immigrant men and women from Turkey and Pakistan had an increased incidence of CVD, compared with native Danish men. In the case of AMI, a similar pattern was observed; however, differences were more pronounced. Pakistanis and Turks with a shorter duration of residence had a lower incidence, compared with those of a longer residence. Generally, no notable differences were observed between former Yugoslavians and native Danes. In men, differences in CVD and AMI were reduced after adjustment for SES, in particular, among Turks regarding CVD. In women, effects were particularly reduced among Yugoslavians in the case of CVD and in Turks in the case of CVD and AMI after adjustment for SES.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In conclusion, country of birth-related differences in the incidence of CVD and AMI were observed. At least some of the differences that we uncovered were results of a socioeconomic effect. Duration of residence also played a certain role. Future studies should collect and test different indicators of SES in studies of CVD among immigrants.</p
Low temperature thermal expansion of pure and inert gas-doped Fullerite C60
The low temperature (2-24 K) thermal expansion of pure (single crystal and
polycrystalline) C60 and polycrystalline C60 intercalated with He, Ne, Ar, and
Kr has been investigated using high-resolution capacitance dilatometer. The
investigation of the time dependence of the sample length variations on heating
shows that the thermal expansion is determined by the sum of positive and
negative contributions, which have different relaxation times. The negative
thermal expansion usually prevails at helium temperatures. The positive
expansion is connected with the phonon thermalization of the system. The
negative expansion is caused by reorientation of the C60 molecules. It is
assumed that the reorientation is of quantum character. The inert gas
impurities affect very strongly the reorientation of the C60 molecules
especially at liquid helium temperatures. A temperature hysteresis of the
thermal expansion coefficient of Kr- and He- C60 solutions has been revealed.
The hysteresis is attributed to orientational polyamorphous transformation in
these systems.Comment: 18 pages, 12 figure
Structure-guided design and optimization of small molecules targeting the protein-protein interaction between the von hippel-lindau (VHL) E3 ubiquitin ligase and the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) alpha subunit with in vitro nanomolar affinities
E3 ubiquitin ligases are attractive targets in the ubiquitin-proteasome system, however, the development of small-molecule ligands has been rewarded with limited success. The von Hippel-Lindau protein (pVHL) is the substrate recognition subunit of the VHL E3 ligase that targets HIF-1α for degradation. We recently reported inhibitors of the pVHL:HIF-1α interaction, however they exhibited moderate potency. Herein, we report the design and optimization, guided by X-ray crystal structures, of a ligand series with nanomolar binding affinities
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