Educación transgresora y feminismo

O presente artigo parte de uma escrita que faz parte da pesquisa de mestrado  em desenvolvimento do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande/FURG. O tema são os Turbantes e a Educação antirracista, busca colaborar para apresentar uma prática de educação antirracista por intermédio do conceito de educação transgressora da escritora afro-americana bell hooks (2017, p. 271), em meio ao olhar da docência feminina: “A lição importante que aprendemos juntos, a lição que nos permite caminhar juntos dentro e além da sala de aula, é a do engajamento mútuo”. Para isso, tem como foco o turbante, símbolo étnico que representa para a população negra um ato de resistência, de afirmação para sua identidade, herança de sua ancestralidade, um ato político.  Segundo Silva (2020, p.83), o “turbante traz acalento, promove cuidados e transforma em força vital, força de amor de afetividade especialmente entre mulheres negras”. Uma educação transgressora através dos turbantes apresenta a aplicação efetiva das Leis nº 10639/03 e nº 11645/08, as quais garantem a obrigatoriedade do ensino da História e Cultura Afro-brasileira, Africana e Indígena em espaços formais e informais de ensino. Nossas experiências enquanto mulheres negras e professoras junto às nossas práticas constituem esta escrita, em que os conceitos de bell hooks (2017), o esperançar (1992) e a pedagogia da autonomia (1996) de Paulo Freire,  junto à educação popular de Brandão (2007), geram um educar para a luta contra o racismo. bell hooks, enquanto docente e feminista negra, deixou em seu legado a missão de novas docentes negras refletirem e aprimorarem uma educação libertária. De acordo com hooks (2017, p.193), “para educar para a liberdade, portanto, temos que desafiar e mudar o modo como todos pensam sobre os processos pedagógicos”.This paper is part of a master's degree research developed in the Post-Graduate Program in Education at the Federal University of Rio Grande/FURG.  Based on the theme of turbans and anti-racist education, it is aimed to collaborate in presenting a practice of anti-racist education through the concept of transgressive education by the Afro-American writer bell hooks (2017, p. 271), from the gaze of female teaching: “The important lesson we learn together, the lesson that allows us to walk together into and beyond the classroom, is mutual engagement.”  Therefore, turbans are focused as an ethnic symbol and a political act representing resistance for the black people, as well as identity affirmation and ancestry inheritance. According to Silva (2020, p. 83), “turbans bring warmth, promote care and is transformed into a vital force, a force of love and affection, especially among black women”. Transgressive education with turbans represents the effective application of Laws nº 10639/03 and nº 11645/08, which guarantee the mandatory teaching of Afro-Brazilian, Indigenous and African History and Culture in formal and informal teaching spaces. Our experiences as black women and teachers together with our practices constitute this study, where the concepts of bell hooks (2017), the hoping (1992) and the pedagogy of autonomy (1996) by Paulo Freire, generate an education to fight against racism. bell hooks, as a black teacher and feminist, left the legacy for new black teachers to reflect and improve education as freedom. According to hooks (2017, p. 193), “to educate for freedom, therefore, we have to challenge and change the way people think about pedagogical processes”.Este artículo, parte de una redacción de una investigación de maestría en desarrollo em el  Programa de Posgrado en Educación de la Universidad Federal de Rio Grande/FURG, cuyo tema es Turbantes y Educación antirracista, y busca colaborar para presentar una práctica educativa a través del concepto de la educación transgresora de la escritora afroamericana bell hooks (2017, p. 271), en medio de la mirada de la enseñanza feminista: “La lección importante que aprendemos juntas, la lección que nos permite caminar juntas dentro y fuera del aula, es una de compromiso mutuo”. Para ella, se enfoca en el turbante, símbolo étnico que representa para la población negra un acto de resistencia, de afirmación de su identidad, herencia y un acto político. Según Silva (2020, p.83), el “turbante aporta calor, promueve el cuidado y lo transforma en una fuerza vital, una fuerza de amor y cariño, especialmente entre las mujeres negras”. Una educación transgresora a través de turbantes presenta la aplicación efectiva de las Leyes nº 10639/03 y nº 11645/08, que garantizan la enseñanza obligatoria de la Historia y Cultura Afrobrasileña, Africana e Indígena en los espacios de enseñanza formales e informales. Nuestras experiencias como mujeres negras y maestras junto con nuestras prácticas constituyen este escrito, en el que los conceptos de bell hooks (2017), el esperar (1992) y la pedagogía de la autonomía (1996) de Paulo Freire, junto a la educación popular de Brandão (2007), generar una educación para la lucha contra el racismo. bell hooks, como maestra negra y feminista, dejó en su legado la misión de nuevos maestros negros para reflexionar y mejorar una educación libertaria. Según hooks (2017, p.193), “para educar para la libertad, por lo tanto, tenemos que cuestionar y cambiar la forma en que todos piensan sobre los procesos pedagógicos”. &nbsp

Lenvatinib exhibits antineoplastic activity in anaplastic thyroid cancer in vitro and in vivo

Lenvatinib is an oral, multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of VEGFR1-VEGFR3, FGFR1-FGFR4, PDGFRα, RET and v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KIT) signaling networks involved in tumor angiogenesis. We have evaluated the antitumor activity of lenvatinib in primary anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cells, in the human cell line 8305C (undifferentiated thyroid cancer) and in an ATC-cell line (AF). The AF cell line was obtained from the primary ATC cultures and was the one that grew over 50 passages. The effect of lenvatinib (1 and 100 nM; and 1, 10, 25 and 50 μM) was investigated in primary ATC, 8305C and AF cells as well as in AF cells in CD nu/nu mice. Lenvatinib significantly reduced ATC cell proliferation (P<0.01, ANOVA) and increased the percentage of apoptotic ATC cells (P<0.001, ANOVA). Furthermore, lenvatinib inhibited migration (P<0.01) and invasion (P<0.001) in ATC. In addition, lenvatinib inhibited EGFR, AKT and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and downregulated cyclin D1 in the ATC cells. Lenvatinib also significantly inhibited 8305C and AF cell proliferation, increasing apoptosis. AF cells were subcutaneously injected into CD nu/nu mice and tumor masses were observed 20 days later. Tumor growth was significantly inhibited by lenvatinib (25 mg/kg/day), as well as the expression of VEGF-A and microvessel density in the AF tumor tissues. In conclusion, the antitumor and antiangiogenic activities of lenvatinib may be promising for the treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer, and may consist a basis for future clinical therapeutic applications

EDUCAÇÃO ANTIRRACISTA E RESISTÊNCIA: : o cabelo como posicionamento político

Esse artigo tem como objetivo principal refletir sobre o processo de transição capilar, que tem sido um fenômeno nos últimos tempos, sobretudo entre as mulheres. Sendo uma busca pela autoafirmação da identidade negra e a valorização das raízes afrodescendentes, o cabelo afro para além da questão estética, também é a expressão de um ato político contra o racismo. Tendo como base a mudança do cabelo, buscamos estabelecer relações entre esse fenômeno e a luta por uma educação de resistência antirracista, tendo em vista que um dos principais alvos das práticas racistas é o cabelo crespo. Reconhecendo o papel dos movimentos antirracistas da atualidade, o texto tem como base teórica intelectuais, principalmente mulheres brasileiras que têm feito a discussão sobre cabelo afro e a luta antirracista nos mais diversos espaços. A partir desta escrita é possível perceber uma discussão sobre a questão estética negra e a educação

Vandetanib has antineoplastic activity in anaplastic thyroid cancer, in vitro and in vivo

The antitumor activity of vandetanib [a multiple signal transduction inhibitor including the RET tyrosine kinase, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor (VEGFR), ERK and with antiangiogenic activity], in primary anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cells, in the human cell line 8305C [undifferentiated thyroid cancer (TC)] and in an ATC-cell line (AF), was investigated in the present study. Vandetanib (1 and 100 nM; 1, 10, 25 and 50 μM) was tested by WST-1, apoptosis, migration and invasion assays: in primary ATC cells, in the 8305C continuous cell line, and in AF cells; and in 8305C cells in CD nu/nu mice. Vandetanib significantly reduced ATC cell proliferation (P<0.01, ANOVA), induced apoptosis dose-dependently (P<0.001, ANOVA), and inhibited migration (P<0.01) and invasion (P<0.001). Furthermore, vandetanib inhibited EGFR, AKT and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and downregulated cyclin D1 in ATC cells. In 8305C and AF cells, vandetanib significantly inhibited the proliferation, inducing also apoptosis. 8305C cells were injected subcutaneously in CD nu/nu mice and tumor masses became detectable after 30 days. Vandetanib (25 mg/kg/day) significantly inhibited tumor growth and VEGF-A expression and microvessel density in 8305C tumor tissues. In conclusion, the antitumor and antiangiogenic activity of vandetanib is very auspicious in ATC, opening the way to a future clinical evaluation

Pyrazolopyrimidine Derivatives as Antineoplastic Agents: with a Special Focus on Thyroid Cancer

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are molecules that compete with ATP on tyrosine kinase receptors (TKRs), blocking tyrosine kinase (TK) activation and then oncogenic pathways; they have been studied, and some of them are right approved for the treatment of many types of cancer. Among TKIs, one of the most explored chemical template is the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP) heterocyclic core, which proved to be a useful scaffold for the obtainment of effective compounds. Actually, derivatives belonging to this structural class show a large spectrum of activity, thus standing out as multi-target agents. Different PP compounds have been shown to act as: a) ABL inhibitors and antiproliferative agents against human leukemia cell lines; b) Src kinase inhibitors in neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma and osteosarcoma; c) Phospholipase D inhibitors in different neoplasias; d) Urokinase plasminogen activator inhibitors, in breast cancer. In thyroid cancer (TC), PP1 and PP2 (inhibitors of RET, Hck, lck, and fynT kinases, and a good inhibitor of c-Src and platelet-derived growth factor receptor) showed antineoplastic actvity in human papillary TC cell lines that carry spontaneous RET/PTC1 rearrangements. More recently, new derivatives, (R)-1-phenethyl-N-(1-phenylethyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4- amine, namely, CLM3 and CLM29, have been demonstrated to exert a multiple signal transduction inhibition (including the RET-TK, BRAF, EGFR, and with antiangiogenic activity), showing antineoplastic activity, in vitro and in vivo, in papillary dedifferentiated, medullary and anaplastic TC. These data have shown the antineoplastic activity of PP in different neoplasias, opening the way to a future clinical evaluation in human cancers

Antineoplastic Effect of Lenvatinib and Vandetanib in Primary Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells Obtained From Biopsy or Fine Needle Aspiration

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a malignant tumor of the thyroid gland, infrequent but with a very poor prognosis, as it rapidly causes death (mean survival of about 6 months). ATC treatment includes a multimodal protocol consisting of surgery, chemotherapy (doxorubicin and cisplatin), and hyperfractionated accelerated external beam radiotherapy (median patient survival of 10 months). For this reason, the identification of an effective systemic treatment for ATC would be a major advance in the management of this deadly thyroid cancer. The opportunity to test the sensitivity to different drugs of primary cells from ATC (pATC) cultures, obtained from each patients, could improve the effectiveness of the treatment. Then, the administration of inactive therapeutics could be avoided. Our aim is to investigate the antineoplastic effect of two tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs; lenvatinib, vandetanib) in pATC obtained both from biopsy (biop-pATC), and from fine needle aspiration (FNA-pATC). The antiproliferative activity of lenvatinib and vandetanib was evaluated in 6 ATC patients, on biop-pATC, such as on FNA-pATC. A significant reduction of proliferation (obtained by WST-1 assay) vs. control was shown with lenvatinib and vandetanib in FNA-pATC, as well as in biop-pATC. The percentage of apoptosis in FNA-pATC, or biop-pATC, increased with both compounds dose-dependently. pATC cells from FNA, or biopsy, had a similar sensitivity to lenvatinib and vandetanib. In conclusion, primary cells (biop-pATC or FNA-pATC) have a similar sensitivity to TKIs, and lenvatinib and vandetanib are effective in reducing cell growth, increasing apoptosis in ATC. The possibility to test the sensitivity to different TKIs in each patient could open the way to personalized treatments, avoiding the administration of ineffective, and potentially dangerous, drugs

An isoform of the giant protein titin is a master regulator of human T lymphocyte trafficking

Response to multiple microenvironmental cues and resilience to mechanical stress are essential features of trafficking leukocytes. Here, we describe unexpected role of titin (TTN), the largest protein encoded by the human genome, in the regulation of mechanisms of lymphocyte trafficking. Human T and B lymphocytes express five TTN isoforms, exhibiting cell-specific expression, distinct localization to plasma membrane microdomains, and different distribution to cytosolic versus nuclear compartments. In T lymphocytes, the LTTN1 isoform governs the morphogenesis of plasma membrane microvilli independently of ERM protein phosphorylation status, thus allowing selectin-mediated capturing and rolling adhesions. Likewise, LTTN1 controls chemokine-triggered integrin activation. Accordingly, LTTN1 mediates rho and rap small GTPases activation, but not actin polymerization. In contrast, chemotaxis is facilitated by LTTN1 degradation. Finally, LTTN1 controls resilience to passive cell deformation and ensures T lymphocyte survival in the blood stream. LTTN1 is, thus, a critical and versatile housekeeping regulator of T lymphocyte trafficking

SARS-CoV-2 multi-variant rapid detector based on graphene transistor functionalized with an engineered dimeric ACE2 receptor

Reliable point-of-care (POC) rapid tests are crucial to detect infection and contain the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The emergence of several variants of concern (VOC) can reduce binding affinity to diagnostic antibodies, limiting the efficacy of the currently adopted tests, while showing unaltered or increased affinity for the host receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). We present a graphene field-effect transistor (gFET) biosensor design, which exploits the Spike-ACE2 interaction, the crucial step for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Extensive computational analyses show that a chimeric ACE2-Fragment crystallizable (ACE2-Fc) construct mimics the native receptor dimeric conformation. ACE2-Fc functionalized gFET allows in vitro detection of the trimeric Spike protein, outperforming functionalization with a diagnostic antibody or with the soluble ACE2 portion, resulting in a sensitivity of 20&nbsp;pg/mL. Our miniaturized POC biosensor successfully detects B.1.610 (pre-VOC), Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron (i.e., BA.1, BA.2, BA.4, BA.5, BA.2.75 and BQ.1) variants in isolated viruses and patient's clinical nasopharyngeal swabs. The biosensor reached a Limit Of Detection (LOD) of 65&nbsp;cps/mL in swab specimens of Omicron BA.5. Our approach paves the way for a new and reusable class of highly sensitive, rapid and variant-robust SARS-CoV-2 detection systems