El Comienzo de la Existencia en Hegel y Kierkegaard

This text aims to contrast the metaphysical beginnings of the philosophies of Hegel and Kierkegaard. For this task, the notion of Being Pure of the Hegel of Logic will be used in relation with the concept of Irony that Kierkegaard expresses in his Concept of irony. The need for this "contrast of beginnings" seeks to clarify, from a “metaphysical awakening”, the evident theoretical courtship that has so far distanced by the dominant historiographical traditions of continental philosoph

Implicaciones de la introducción del Nalmefeno en el tratamiento de la dependencia alcohólica en España

Nalmefeno es el primer tratamiento aprobado por la Unión Europea para reducir el consumo de alcohol en dependientes del alcohol con consumo de riesgo prescrito en el contexto de un abordaje motivacional. Nalmefeno mejoraba los días de consumo y las cantidades de alcohol más que el placebo. Es un fármaco bien tolerado. Su utilización puede aumentar el número de pacientes dependientes. Su introducción supone ofrecer un nuevo abordaje terapéutico basado en el paradigma de la disminución del daño.Nalmefene is the first pharmacological therapy approved in the EU to reduce alcohol consumption in alcohol-dependent subjects with a high drinking risk level in the context of a motivational approach. Nalmefene significantly reduced both the number of heavy drinking days and total alcohol consumption in alcohol-dependent patients. Also, this compound is generally well tolerated. This type of intervention has the potential to engage more patients in treatment, and also implies the implementation of the paradigm based on harm reduction

All-optical nonequilibrium pathway to stabilizing magnetic Weyl semimetals in pyrochlore iridates

Nonequilibrium many-body dynamics is becoming one of the central topics of modern condensed matter physics. Floquet topological states were suggested to emerge in photodressed band structures in the presence of periodic laser driving. Here we propose a viable nonequilibrium route without requiring coherent Floquet states to reach the elusive magnetic Weyl semimetallic phase in pyrochlore iridates by ultrafast modification of the effective electron-electron interaction with short laser pulses. Combining \textit{ab initio} calculations for a time-dependent self-consistent reduced Hubbard $U$ controlled by laser intensity and nonequilibrium magnetism simulations for quantum quenches, we find dynamically modified magnetic order giving rise to transiently emerging Weyl cones that are probed by time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Our work offers a unique and realistic pathway for nonequilibrium materials engineering beyond Floquet physics to create and sustain Weyl semimetals. This may lead to ultrafast, tens-of-femtoseconds switching protocols for light-engineered Berry curvature in combination with ultrafast magnetism.Comment: 27 pages including methods and supplementary information, 4 figures, 4 supplementary figure

On the electronic structure of silicene on Ag substrate: strong hybridization effects

The electronic structure of the recently synthesised (3x3) reconstructed silicene on (4x4) Ag(111) is investigated by first-principles calculations. New states emerge due to the strong hybridization between silicene and Ag. Analyzing the nature and composition of these hybridized states, we show that i) it is possible to clearly distinguish them from states coming from the Dirac cone of free-standing silicene or from the sp-bands of bulk Ag and ii) assign their contribution to the description of the linearly dispersing band observed in photoemission. Furthermore, we show that silicene atoms contribute to the Fermi level, which leads to similar STM patterns as observed below or above the Fermi level. Our findings are crucial for the proper interpretation of experimental observations.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures including supplementary materia

The Importance of Hydration in Wound Healing: Reinvigorating the clinical perspective

Balancing skin hydration levels is important as any disruption in skin integrity will result in disturbance of the dermal water balance. The discovery that a moist wound healing environment actively supports the healing response when compared to a dry environment highlights the importance of water and good hydration levels for optimal wound healing. The benefits of “wet” or “hyper-hydrated” wound healing appears to offer benefits that are similar to those offered by moist wound healing over wounds healing in a dry environment. This suggests that the presence of free water itself during wound healing may not be detrimental to healing but that any adverse effects of wound fluid on tissues is more likely related to the biological components contained within chronic wound exudate (e.g. elevated protease levels). Appropriate dressings applied to wounds must be able to absorb not only the exudate but also retain this excess fluid together with its protease solutes while concurrently preventing desiccation. This is particularly important in the case of chronic wounds where peri-wound skin barrier properties are compromised and there is increased permeation across the injured skin barrier. This review discusses the importance of appropriate levels of hydration in skin with a particular focus on the need for optimal hydration levels for effective healing

NGC 6309, a Planetary Nebula that Shifted from Round to Multipolar

We present new narrow-band Ha, [N II], and [O III] high-resolution images of the quadrupolar planetary nebula (PN) NGC 6309 that show in great detail its bipolar lobes and reveal new morphological features. New high- and low-dispersion long-slit spectra have been obtained to help in the investigation of the new nebular components. The images and spectra unveil two diffuse blobs, one of them located at 55 arcsec from the central star along the NE direction (PA= +71) and the other at 78 arcsec in the SW direction (PA= -151). Therefore, these structures do not share the symmetry axes of the inner bipolar outflows. Their radial velocities relative to the system are quite low: +3 and -4 km/s, respectively. Spectroscopic data confirm a high [O III] to Ha ratio, indicating that the blobs are being excited by the UV flux from the central star. Our images convincingly show a spherical halo 60 arcsec in diameter encircling the quadrupolar nebula. The expansion velocity of this shell is low, 66 km/s. The software SHAPE has been used to construct a morpho-kinematic model for the ring and the bipolar flows that implies an age of 4,000 yrs, the expansion of the halo sets a lower limit for its age 46,000 yrs, and the very low expansion of the blobs suggests they are part of a large structure corresponding to a mass ejection that took place 150,000 yrs ago. In NGC 6309 we have direct evidence of a change in the geometry of mass-loss, from spherical in the halo to axially-symmetric in the two pairs of bipolar lobes.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRA

Multi-wavelength analysis of the dust emission in the Small Magellanic Cloud

We present an analysis of dust grain emission in the diffuse interstellar medium of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). This study is motivated by the availability of 170 microns ISOPHOT data covering a large part of the SMC, with a resolution enabling to disentangle the diffuse medium from the star forming regions. After data reduction and subtraction of Galactic foreground emission, we used the ISOPHOT data together with HiRes IRAS data and ATCA/Parkes combined HI column density maps to determine dust properties for the diffuse medium. We found a far infrared emissivity per hydrogen atom 30 times lower than the Solar Neighborhood value. The modeling of the spectral energy distribution of the dust, taking into account the enhanced interstellar radiation field, gives a similar conclusion for the smallest grains (PAHs and very small grains) emitting at shorter wavelength. Assuming Galactic dust composition in the SMC, this result implies a difference in the gas-to-dust ratio (GDR) 3 times larger than the difference in metallicity. This low depletion of heavy elements in dust could be specific of the diffuse ISM and not apply for the whole SMC dust if it results from efficient destruction of dust by supernovae explosions.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysic

Tying malaria and microRNAs: from the biology to future diagnostic perspectives

Symptoms caused by bacterial, viral and malarial infections usually overlap and aetiologic diagnosis is difficult. Patient management in low-resource countries with limited laboratory services has been based predominantly on clinical evaluation and syndromic approaches. However, such clinical assessment has limited accuracy both for identifying the likely aetiological cause and for the early recognition of patients who will progress to serious or fatal disease. Plasma-detectable biomarkers that rapidly and accurately diagnose severe infectious diseases could reduce morbidity and decrease the unnecessary use of usually scarce therapeutic drugs. The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) has opened exciting new avenues to identify blood biomarkers of organ-specific injury. This review assesses current knowledge on the relationship between malaria disease and miRNAs, and evaluates how future research might lead to the use of these small molecules for identifying patients with severe malaria disease and facilitate treatment decisions