149 research outputs found
The Force Balance of Electrons During Kinetic Anti-parallel Magnetic Reconnection
Fully kinetic simulations are applied to the study of 2D anti-parallel
reconnection, elucidating the dynamics by which the electron fluid maintains
force balance within both the electron diffusion region (EDR) and the ion
diffusion region (IDR). Inside the IDR, magnetic field-aligned electron
pressure anisotropy ( develops upstream of the
EDR. Compared to previous investigations, the use of modern computer facilities
allows for simulations at the natural proton to electron mass ratio
. In this high--limit the electron dynamics changes
qualitatively, as the electron inflow to the EDR is enhanced and mainly driven
by the anisotropic pressure. Using a coordinate system with the -direction
aligned with the reconnecting magnetic field and the -direction aligned with
the central current layer, it is well-known that for the much studied 2D
laminar anti-parallel and symmetric scenario the reconnection electric field at
the -line must be balanced by the and
off-diagonal electron pressure stress
components. We find that the electron anisotropy upstream of the EDR imposes
large values of within the EDR, and along the
direction of the reconnection -line this stress cancels with the stress of a
previously determined theoretical form for . The
electron frozen-in law is instead broken by pressure tensor gradients related
to the direct heating of the electrons by the reconnection electric field. The
reconnection rate is free to adjust to the value imposed externally by the
plasma dynamics at larger scales.Comment: Submitted to Physics of Plasmas, 11 October 202
Spin Relaxation in Graphene with self-assembled Cobalt Porphyrin Molecules
In graphene spintronics, interaction of localized magnetic moments with the
electron spins paves a new way to explore the underlying spin relaxation
mechanism. A self-assembled layer of organic cobalt-porphyrin (CoPP) molecules
on graphene provides a desired platform for such studies via the magnetic
moments of porphyrin-bound cobalt atoms. In this work a study of spin transport
properties of graphene spin-valve devices functionalized with such CoPP
molecules as a function of temperature via non-local spin-valve and Hanle spin
precession measurements is reported. For the functionalized (molecular)
devices, we observe a slight decrease in the spin relaxation time ({\tau}s),
which could be an indication of enhanced spin-flip scattering of the electron
spins in graphene in the presence of the molecular magnetic moments. The effect
of the molecular layer is masked for low quality samples (low mobility),
possibly due to dominance of Elliot-Yafet (EY) type spin relaxation mechanisms
Co-ordinate Control for Fuel Cell And Photovoltaic Cell
The usual natural fuel energy resources such as petroleum, natural gas, and coal are getting shortage rapidly by fulfilling the high demand of the energy sector in the world. Also, affect the environment and leads to the greenhouse effect and serious pollution problem. Therefore renewable energy sources like solar, wind, tidal etc. are gaining more attention as an alternative energy. The hierarchical structure of the convention power system is experiencing a paradigm shift into a deregulated system. As a result many small generators are been connected to the system at the distribution level. In order to supply a reliable and sustainable power to select customers it becomes mandatory to connect renewable and dispatchable sources. This would result in a hybrid system which can operate in autonomous or non-autonomous mode. This project aims at analysing the performance of one such autonomous system for varying demand. PV and fuel cell sources are considered to form the hybrid system under concern. An overall coordinated controller has been analysed to ensure power sharing among the different sources used in the hybrid system also incorporating variations in the solar irradiations. Also a simulation for generation of pulses for appropriate switching of control between the different sources through MATLAB has been attempted in this work
Nonlinear analog spintronics with van der Waals heterostructures
The current generation of spintronic devices, which use electron-spin relies
on linear operations for spin-injection, transport and detection processes. The
existence of nonlinearity in a spintronic device is indispensable for
spin-based complex signal processing operations. Here we for the first time
demonstrate the presence of electron-spin dependent nonlinearity in a
spintronic device, and measure up to 4th harmonic spin-signals via nonlocal
spin-valve and Hanle spin-precession measurements. We demonstrate its
application for analog signal processing over pure spin-signals such as
amplitude modulation and heterodyne detection operations which require
nonlinearity as an essential element. Furthermore, we show that the presence of
nonlinearity in the spin-signal has an amplifying effect on the
energy-dependent conductivity induced nonlinear spin-to-charge conversion
effect. The interaction of the two spin-dependent nonlinear effects in the spin
transport channel leads to a highly efficient detection of the spin-signal
without using ferromagnets. These effects are measured both at 4K and room
temperature, and are suitable for their applications as nonlinear circuit
elements in the fields of advanced-spintronics and spin-based neuromorphic
computing.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figure
Medical Data Architecture Project Status
The Medical Data Architecture (MDA) project supports the Exploration Medical Capability (ExMC) risk to minimize or reduce the risk of adverse health outcomes and decrements in performance due to in-flight medical capabilities on human exploration missions. To mitigate this risk, the ExMC MDA project addresses the technical limitations identified in ExMC Gap Med 07: We do not have the capability to comprehensively process medically-relevant information to support medical operations during exploration missions. This gap identifies that the current in-flight medical data management includes a combination of data collection and distribution methods that are minimally integrated with on-board medical devices and systems. Furthermore, there are a variety of data sources and methods of data collection. For an exploration mission, the seamless management of such data will enable a more medically autonomous crew than the current paradigm. The medical system requirements are being developed in parallel with the exploration mission architecture and vehicle design. ExMC has recognized that in order to make informed decisions about a medical data architecture framework, current methods for medical data management must not only be understood, but an architecture must also be identified that provides the crew with actionable insight to medical conditions. This medical data architecture will provide the necessary functionality to address the challenges of executing a self-contained medical system that approaches crew health care delivery without assistance from ground support. Hence, the products supported by current prototype development will directly inform exploration medical system requirements
Large-scale Nonlinear Variable Selection via Kernel Random Features
We propose a new method for input variable selection in nonlinear regression.
The method is embedded into a kernel regression machine that can model general
nonlinear functions, not being a priori limited to additive models. This is the
first kernel-based variable selection method applicable to large datasets. It
sidesteps the typical poor scaling properties of kernel methods by mapping the
inputs into a relatively low-dimensional space of random features. The
algorithm discovers the variables relevant for the regression task together
with learning the prediction model through learning the appropriate nonlinear
random feature maps. We demonstrate the outstanding performance of our method
on a set of large-scale synthetic and real datasets.Comment: Final version for proceedings of ECML/PKDD 201
Why the Failure? How Adversarial Examples Can Provide Insights for Interpretable Machine Learning
Recent advances in Machine Learning (ML) have profoundly changed many detection, classification, recognition and inference tasks. Given the complexity of the battlespace, ML has the potential to revolutionise how Coalition Situation Understanding is synthesised and revised. However, many issues must be overcome before its widespread adoption. In this paper we consider two - interpretability and adversarial attacks. Interpretability is needed because military decision-makers must be able to justify their decisions. Adversarial attacks arise because many ML algorithms are very sensitive to certain kinds of input perturbations. In this paper, we argue that these two issues are conceptually linked, and insights in one can provide insights in the other. We illustrate these ideas with relevant examples from the literature and our own experiments
Thermoelectric spin voltage in graphene
In recent years, new spin-dependent thermal effects have been discovered in
ferromagnets, stimulating a growing interest in spin caloritronics, a field
that exploits the interaction between spin and heat currents. Amongst the most
intriguing phenomena is the spin Seebeck effect, in which a thermal gradient
gives rise to spin currents that are detected through the inverse spin Hall
effect. Non-magnetic materials such as graphene are also relevant for spin
caloritronics, thanks to efficient spin transport, energy-dependent carrier
mobility and unique density of states. Here, we propose and demonstrate that a
carrier thermal gradient in a graphene lateral spin valve can lead to a large
increase of the spin voltage near to the graphene charge neutrality point. Such
an increase results from a thermoelectric spin voltage, which is analogous to
the voltage in a thermocouple and that can be enhanced by the presence of hot
carriers generated by an applied current. These results could prove crucial to
drive graphene spintronic devices and, in particular, to sustain pure spin
signals with thermal gradients and to tune the remote spin accumulation by
varying the spin-injection bias
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