Occurrence and quantification of drosophila suzukii in the urban area of Vacaria, RS.

Drosophila suzukii, also called spotted-wing drosophila (SWD), is a fruit fly which originated in South-eastern Asia. This fly damages small fruits and usually disperses via passive transport in host fruits. Thus, tracking its occurrence is important in that it allows control strategies to be directed to urban areas as well. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of D. suzukii adults inside and nearby 14 commercial establishments that sell fruits in the urban area of Vacaria, RS, at 2014 and 2016. SWD adults were captured by means of PET bottle traps baited with pure apple vinegar. A total Occurrence and quantification of Drosophila suzukii in the urban area of Vacaria, RS Regis S.S dos Santos et al. 589 Rev. Elet. Cient. UERGS, v. 3, n. 3, p. 588-599, 2017 of 23 flies (15 females and 8 males) and 51 flies (29 females and 22 males) were sampled in 2014 and 2016 respectively. On both occasions, the spotted-wing drosophila was detected in 64.3% of the establishments. In 2016 specifically, 13 females were collected at a sampling point inside a supermarket. The results show that control strategies should take into account the presence of the spotted-wing drosophila in urban areas, especially inside commercial stablishments, since this pest may be causing damage to fruits via crosscontamination. Keywords: Distribution. Fruit Trade. Infestation. Control Strategies. Cross-Contamination. Drosophila suzukii ou SWD é uma mosca das frutas nativa do sudeste da Ásia que danifica pequenos frutos, cuja dispersão é atribuída ao transporte passivo em frutas hospedeiras. O conhecimento sobre a ocorrência de SWD em ambientes urbanos é importante, pois permite que estratégias de controle também sejam direcionadas para as áreas urbanas. Neste contexto, foi avaliada a ocorrência de adultos SWD no entorno e interior de 14 mercados de frutas na área urbana do município de Vacaria, RS, nos anos de 2014 e 2016. Adultos de SWD foram monitorados com armadilhas feitas a partir de garrafas PET com vinagre de maçã puro como atrativo. Um total de 23 (15 fêmeas e 8 machos) e 51 (29 fêmeas e 22 machos) indivíduos foram amostrados em 2014 e 2016, respectivamente. Em ambos os anos, em 64,3 % dos pontos avaliados houve ocorrência de SWD. Em 2016, num ponto amostral foram coletadas 13 fêmeas no interior do mercado. Os resultados mostram que estratégias de controle para SWD devem levar em conta a sua ocorrência em áreas urbanas, especialmente no interior dos mercados, pois a praga pode estar causando danos nas frutas por infestação cruzada. Palavras-chave: Distribuição. Comércio De Frutas. Infestação. Estratégia De Controle. Infestação Cruzada

Seletividade de herbicidas à cultura da erva-mate.

A erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) é uma espécie florestal arbórea nativa da América do Sul. Dentre os fatores que afetam o desenvolvimento das plantas, a interferência por plantas daninhas é um dos mais importantes. Nesse sentido o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a seletividade de herbicidas em plantas de erva-mate de um e dois anos de idade. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação, com delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com arranjo fatorial 2 x 18, com quatro repetições. O fator A foi composto por plantas de erva-mate com 1 e 2 anos de idade, enquanto o fator B era composto por testemunha; clethodim+haloxifop (72+36); imazethapyr (100); chlorimuron (17,5); metsulfuron (6); nicosulfuron (45); nicosulfuron safener (60); diclosulam (25,2); atrazine+s-metalochlor (1295+805); bentazone (720); diquat (400); saflufenacil (24,5); fomesafen (250); oxyfluorfen (720); glyphosate (1440); glufosinate (420); florpyrauxifen (15,93); e fluroxypyr (149,8 g de i.a. ou e.a. ha-1). Foram avaliadas as variáveis fitotoxicidade e altura de plantas. Para a variável altura de plantas os tratamentos não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significativa. As plantas de 1 ano apresentaram menores níveis de fitotoxicidade quando comparadas às plantas de 2 anos (exceto para glufosinate). Os herbicidas clethodim + haloxifop, imazethapyr e diclosulam apresentaram baixa fitotoxicidade e são uma possibilidade para o uso em erva-mate. Em plantas de 1 ano, todos os inibidores da ALS testados apresentaram baixa fitotoxicidade

The role of clothing in thermal comfort: how people dress in a temperate and humid climate in Brazil

Abstract Thermal insulation from clothing is one of the most important input variables used to predict the thermal comfort of a building's occupants. This paper investigates the clothing pattern in buildings with different configurations located in a temperate and humid climate in Brazil. Occupants of two kinds of buildings (three offices and two university classrooms) assessed their thermal environment through 'right-here-right-now' questionnaires, while at the same time indoor climatic measurements were carried out in situ (air temperature and radiant temperature, air speed and humidity). A total of 5,036 votes from 1,161 occupants were collected. Results suggest that the clothing values adopted by occupants inside buildings were influenced by: 1) climate and seasons of the year; 2) different configurations and indoor thermal conditions; and 3) occupants' age and gender. Significant intergenerational and gender differences were found, which might be explained by differences in metabolic rates and fashion. The results also indicate that there is a great opportunity to exceed the clothing interval of the thermal comfort zones proposed by international standards such as ASHRAE 55 (2013) - 0.5 to 1.0 clo - and thereby save energy from cooling and heating systems, without compromising the occupants' indoor thermal comfort

The novel object recognition memory: neurobiology, test procedure, and its modifications

Animal models of memory have been considered as the subject of many scientific publications at least since the beginning of the twentieth century. In humans, memory is often accessed through spoken or written language, while in animals, cognitive functions must be accessed through different kind of behaviors in many specific, experimental models of memory and learning. Among them, the novel object recognition test can be evaluated by the differences in the exploration time of novel and familiar objects. Its application is not limited to a field of research and enables that various issues can be studied, such as the memory and learning, the preference for novelty, the influence of different brain regions in the process of recognition, and even the study of different drugs and their effects. This paper describes the novel object recognition paradigms in animals, as a valuable measure of cognition. The purpose of this work was to review the neurobiology and methodological modifications of the test commonly used in behavioral pharmacology

Open and Hidden Charm Production in 920 GeV Proton-Nucleus Collisions

The HERA-B collaboration has studied the production of charmonium and open charm states in collisions of 920 GeV protons with wire targets of different materials. The acceptance of the HERA-B spectrometer covers negative values of xF up to xF=-0.3 and a broad range in transverse momentum from 0.0 to 4.8 GeV/c. The studies presented in this paper include J/psi differential distributions and the suppression of J/psi production in nuclear media. Furthermore, production cross sections and cross section ratios for open charm mesons are discussed.Comment: 5 pages, 9 figures, to be published in the proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Hyperons, Charm & Beauty Hadrons (BEACH04), Chicago, IL, June 27 - July 3, 200

Search for the Flavor-Changing Neutral Current Decay D0→μ+μ−D^0 \to \mu^+\mu^- with the HERA-B Detector

We report on a search for the flavor-changing neutral current decay $D^0 \to \mu^+\mu^-$ using $50 \times 10^6$ events recorded with a dimuon trigger in interactions of 920 GeV protons with nuclei by the HERA-B experiment. We find no evidence for such decays and set a 90% confidence level upper limit on the branching fraction $Br(D^0 \to \mu^+\mu^-) <2.0 \times 10^{-6}$.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures (of which 1 double), paper to be submitted to Physics Letters