Carcinoma oral de células escamosas: parámetros citométricos de interés pronóstico

Objetivos: el presente estudio se realizó para encontrar posibles factores pronósticos del Carcinoma oral de células escamosas puesto que es una enfermedad frecuente ( 3 ' 4 % de los tumores malignos ) que origina una gran morbilidad y mortalidad y que justifica cualquier intento que trate de aportar algo para conocer mejor esta patología. Diseño del estudio: hemos realizado un estudio sobre 81 carcinomas orales de células escamosas extraídos del archivo del Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla ( Santander ) , tratados con el mismo procedimiento , de los cuales en 67 de ellos se realizó citometría de flujo. Resultados: No hemos encontrado diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el índice de proliferación celular y el índice mitótico , la ploidía y la fase S. Así mismo ninguna de las variables citométricas estudiadas ha presentado relación con la aparición de recidiva loco-regional , metástasis a distancia ni con la supervivencia. Conclusiones: no podemos utilizar éstas variables como factor pronóstico en el carcinoma de células escamosas de la cavidad oral.Objectives: the present study was made in order to find possible prognostic factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma, given that it is a frequent disease (3-4% of all malignant tumors) and is the cause of a high morbidity and mortality which justifies any attempt to contribute something towards the understanding of this pathology. Study design: 81 oral squamous cell carcinomas, treated with the same procedure, and retrieved from the archive of the Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla (Santander) were studied. Flow cytometry was carried out on 67 of the samples. Results: no statistically significant differences were found between the cellular proliferative index and the mitotic index, ploidy and the S-phase factor. Likewise, none of the cytometric variables studied presented any association with the appearance of local relapse, distant metastases or survival. Conclusions: these variables cannot be used as a prognostic factors in squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity

Acoustic Events in the Solar Atmosphere from Hinode/SOT NFI observations

We investigate the properties of acoustic events (AEs), defined as spatially concentrated and short duration energy flux, in the quiet sun using observations of a 2D field of view (FOV) with high spatial and temporal resolution provided by the Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) onboard \textit{Hinode}. Line profiles of Fe \textsc{i} 557.6 nm were recorded by the Narrow band Filter Imager (NFI) on a $82" \times 82"$ FOV during 75 min with a time step of 28.75 s and 0.08$"$ pixel size. Vertical velocities were computed at three atmospheric levels (80, 130 and 180 km) using the bisector technique allowing the determination of energy flux in the range 3-10 mHz using two complementary methods (Hilbert transform and Fourier power spectra). Horizontal velocities were computed using local correlation tracking (LCT) of continuum intensities providing divergences. The net energy flux is upward. In the range 3-10 mHz, a full FOV space and time averaged flux of 2700 W m$^{-2}$ (lower layer 80-130 km) and 2000 W m$^{-2}$ (upper layer 130-180 km) is concentrated in less than 1% of the solar surface in the form of narrow (0.3$"$) AE. Their total duration (including rise and decay) is of the order of $10^{3}$ s. Inside each AE, the mean flux is $1.6 10^{5}$ W m$^{-2}$ (lower layer) and $1.2 10^{5}$ W m$^{-2}$ (upper). Each event carries an average energy (flux integrated over space and time) of $2.5 10^{19}$ J (lower layer) to $1.9 10^{19}$ J (upper). More than $10^{6}$ events could exist permanently on the Sun, with a birth and decay rate of 3500 s$^{-1}$. Most events occur in intergranular lanes, downward velocity regions, and areas of converging motions.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figure

Cóndilo bífido: a propósito de un caso

En este artículo, a propósito de un caso clínico, se presenta el cóndilo bífido como una rara alteración mandibular con muchas incógnitas. Su diagnóstico suele ser un hallazgo casual en radiografías panorámicas de rutina. El número de casos relatados en literatura ha experimentado en los últimos años un crecimiento debido al aumento de pruebas radiológicas que se realizan. Se discute sobre las diferentes teorías existentes con respecto a la etiología de este proceso. En lo referente a la relevancia clínica del cóndilo bífido señalamos que la gran mayoría son asintomáticos. Es importante realizar un buen diagnóstico diferencial de éste proceso con otras lesiones que producen alteraciones morfológicas condilares, la prueba de elección es la tomografía computerizada. El tratamiento conservador suele ser efectivo en los casos con clínica de disfunción articular leve, la cirugía tan sólo suele indicarse en casos de anquilosis condilar, normalmente éstos casos son secundarios a traumatismos.The double headed mandible condyle is a rare alteration that is frequently diagnosticated as an incidental finding in a panoramic radiograph. The different theories about its etiology are explained in this article. Symptoms described with bifid condyles vary from case to case, but in most instances are absent. Computer tomography is the ideal imaging method to evaluate the condyle morphology and to role out any degenerative process to achieve the differential diagnosis. Treatment is conservative for symptomatic patients with TMJ disorders, surgical treatment is described in literature in TMJ ankylosis that develops in bifid condyles secondary to trauma

Nonsingular instantons for the creation of open universes

We show that the instability of the singular Vilenkin instanton describing the creation of an open universe can be avoided using, instead of a minimally coupled scalar field, an axionic massless scalar field which gives rise to the Giddings-Strominger instanton. However, if we replace the singularity of the Hawking Turok instanton for an axionic wormhole some interpretational and technical difficulties would appear which can be overcome by introducing a positive cosmological constant in the action. This would make the instanton finite and free constant in the action. This would make the instanton finite and free from any instabilities.Comment: 8 pages, RevTex. A new section on the instantonic global structure and a figure have been added. To appear in Phys. Rev.

Turbulent luminance in impassioned van Gogh paintings

We show that the patterns of luminance in some impassioned van Gogh paintings display the mathematical structure of fluid turbulence. Specifically, we show that the probability distribution function (PDF) of luminance fluctuations of points (pixels) separated by a distance R compares notably well with the PDF of the velocity differences in a turbulent flow, as predicted by the statistical theory of A.N. Kolmogorov. We observe that turbulent paintings of van Gogh belong to his last period, during which episodes of prolonged psychotic agitation of this artist were frequent. Our approach suggests new tools that open the possibility of quantitative objective research for art representation

Statistical properties of the GALEX spectroscopic stellar sample

The GALEX General Data Release 4/5 includes 174 spectroscopic tiles, obtained from slitless grism observations, for a total of more than 60,000 ultraviolet spectra. We have determined statistical properties of the sample of GALEX stars. We have defined a suitable system of spectroscopic indices, which measure the main mid-UV features at the GALEX low spectral resolution and we have employed it to determine the atmospheric parameters of of stars in the range 4500<Teff<9000 K. Our preliminary results indicate that the sample is formed by a majority of main sequence F- and G-type stars, with metallicity [M/H]>-1 dex.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space Science, UV universe special issu

Resistance to colistin and production of extended-spectrum ß-lactamases and/or AmpC enzymes in Salmonella isolates collected from healthy pigs in Northwest Spain in two periods: 2008-2009 and 2018

Salmonellosis is a common subclinical infection in pigs and therefore apparently healthy animals may represent a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella for humans. This study estimates and characterizes resistance to two classes of antimicrobials considered of the highest priority within the critically important antimicrobials for humans, i.e. colistin (CR) and 3rd generation cephalosporins (3GC), on a collection of Salmonella isolates from pigs from two periods: between 2008 and 09, when colistin was massively used; and in 2018, after three years under a National Plan against Antibiotic Resistance. Prevalence of CR was low (6 out of 625; 0.96%; 95%CI: 0.44–2.1) in 2008–09 and associated mostly to the mcr-1 gene, which was detected in four S. 4,5,12:i:- isolates. Polymorphisms in the pmrAB genes were detected in a S. 9,12:-:- isolate. No CR was detected in 2018 out of 59 isolates tested. Among 270 Salmonella isolates considered for the assessment of resistance to 3GC in the 2008–2009 sampling, only one Salmonella Bredeney (0.37%; 95%CI: 0.07–2.1) showed resistance to 3GC, which was associated with the blaCMY-2 gene (AmpC producer). In 2018, six isolates out of 59 (10.2%; 95%CI: 4.7–20.5) showed resistance to 3GC, but only two different strains were identified (S. 4,12:i:- and S. Rissen), both confirmed as extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producers. The blaCTX-M-3 and blaTEM-1b genes in S. 4,12:i:- and the blaTEM-1b gene in S. Rissen seemed to be associated with this resistance. Overall, the prevalence of CR in Salmonella appeared to be very low in 2008–2009 despite the considerable use of colistin in pigs at that time, and seemed to remain so in 2018. Resistance to 3GC was even lower in 2008–2009 but somewhat higher in 2018. Resistance was mostly coded by genes associated with mobile genetic elements. Most serotypes involved in these antimicrobial resistances displayed a multidrug resistance pattern and were considered zoonotic

Delta rho pi interaction leading to N* and Delta* resonances

We have performed a calculation for the three body $\Delta \rho \pi$ system by using the fixed center approximation to Faddeev equations, taking the interaction between $\Delta$ and $\rho$, $\Delta$ and$\pi$, and $\rho$ and $\pi$ from the chiral unitary approach. We find several peaks in the modulus squared of the three-body scattering amplitude, indicating the existence of resonances, which can be associated to known $I=1/2, 3/2$ and $J^P=1/2^+, 3/2^+$ and $5/2^+$ baryon states.Comment: Presented at the 21st European Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Salamanca, Spain, 30 August - 3 September 201

Proposal for the numerical solution of planar QCD

Using quenched reduction, we propose a method for the numerical calculation of meson correlation functions in the planar limit of QCD. General features of the approach are outlined, and an example is given in the context of two-dimensional QCD.Comment: 31 pages, 10 figures, uses axodraw.sty, To appear in Physical Review

Residential green and blue spaces and working memory in children aged 6–12 years old. Results from the INMA cohort

Availability of green and blue spaces in the area of residence has been related to various health outcomes during childhood, including neurodevelopment. Some studies have shown that children living in greener and/or bluer areas score better on cognitive tasks although the evidence is inconsistent. These protective effects are hypothesized to occur in part through reductions in air pollution exposure and odds of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study analysed the effects of residential green and blue spaces on working memory of children in the Spanish INfancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) birth cohort and the potential joint mediating role of air pollution and ADHD. The study samples were composed of 1738 six-to eight-year-olds (M = 7.53, SD = 0.68, 49% female) and 1449 ten-to twelve-year-olds (M = 11.18, SD = 0.69, 50% female) living in Asturias, Gipuzkoa, Sabadell or Valencia, Spain. Individual Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values in 100-, 300- and 500-m buffers and availability of green and blue spaces &gt;5000 m2 in 300-m buffers were calculated using Geographic Information Systems software. Individual NO2 values for the home environment were estimated using ESCAPE's land use regression models. ADHD diagnosis was reported by participants' parents via a questionnaire. Working memory was measured with numbers and colours (in the younger group only) N-back tests (2- and 3-back d’). Mixed-effects models informed of the beneficial effects of NDVI in a 300-m buffer on numerical working memory in the younger sample although the results were not consistent for all d’ scores considered and failed to detect significant effects through the candidate mediators. Availability of major blue spaces did not predict working memory performance. Provision of green spaces may play a role in children's working memory but further research is required.</p