La monetarización de la profesión académica en México: Un cuarto de siglo de transferencias monetarias condicionadas.

Al instaurarse el Sistema Nacional de Investiga-dores (SNI) en 1985, inicia una época distinta en cuanto a la relación Estado-Universidades, a la que vivió la educación superior en México durante el periodo de la “masificación” de la educación superior en el país (1960-1980) y su crisis. El mejor indicador de esta inflexión es la modificación de los términos de ingreso, pro-moción, permanencia, retribuciones y diferenciación de la profesión académica nacional. En el artículo se da cuenta de los rasgos sobresalientes del periodo previo, su crisis y las modalidades de reorganización de la “profesión de profesiones” hasta nuestros días. Se muestran los impactos de esta mutación del contexto y las políticas públicas en torno al oficio académico, bajo una hipótesis de trabajo: el predominio de las Transferencias Monetarias Condiciona-das, TMC, como guía en la reconfiguración de la profesión académica, sus rasgos actuales y los logros y límites de la estrategia seguida.With the introduction of the National System of Researchers (SNI) in 1985, began a new era regarding relations between the State and universities, which differed from the period of ´massification´ of higher education in the country (1960-1980) and its crisis. The best indicator for this shift is the modification of the terms for hiring, promotion, tenure, compensation and differentiation in the national academic profession. This paper gives an account of the salient features of the preceding period, its crisis, and the modalities of reorganization of the profession of professions up to the present. It shows the impacts of the changes in the context and in public policy regarding the academic profession, under a working hypothesis: the predominance of conditional cash transfers as a guide in the reconfiguration of the academic profession, its current characteristics and the achievements and limits of the strategy followed

La UAM en la crisis

1 archivo PDF (39 páginas)El presente volumen , que hoy se publica siguiendo el compromiso de difundir los distintos materiales del Foro de Análisis y Evaluación que la División de Ciencias y Artes para el Diseño llevó a cabo del 27 al 29 de junio de 1983, el cual representó para la comunidad de CYAD una oportunidad de reexaminar los objetivos de la Universidad en su conjunto y de la División en particular, así como sobre nuestras posibilidades de acción en el marco de la profunda crisis que vive el país, ha sido dividido en dos partes: La UAM, situación y perspectivas, que contiene las ponencias de los panelistas, y Réplicas e Interrogantes, la cual reúne las respuestas de los ponentes a las inquietudes expresadas por los asistentes a través de sus preguntas

Effectiveness of Motor Imagery on Motor Recovery in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Systematic Review

The effects of motor imagery (MI) on functional recovery of patients with neurological pathologies, such as stroke, has been recently proven. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of MI on motor recovery and quality of life (QOL) in patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). A search was carried out in the following scientific databases: PubMed, CINAHL, PEDro, Scopus, Cochrane and Web of Science, up to November 2020. The grey literature and reference lists of potentially relevant articles were also searched. The Checklist for Measuring Quality and The Cochrane collaboration's tool were used to assess the methodological quality and risk of bias of the studies. Five studies were included in the systematic review. Findings showed that pwMS using MI had significant improvements in walking speed and distance, fatigue and QOL. In addition, several benefits were also found in dynamic balance and perceived walking ability. Although the evidence is limited, rehabilitation using MI with the application of musical and verbal guides (compared to non-intervention or other interventions), can produce benefits on gait, fatigue and QOL in pwMS with a low score in the Expanded Disability Status Scale.Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia. Universidad de Cádiz; Ilustre Colegio Profesional de Fisioterapeutas de Andaluci

Arduino controlled valvometry equipment for laboratory monitoring

High-Frequency Non-Invasive (HFNI) instruments are currently used in bivalve mollusks in order to use them as bioindicators of the local conditions of the environment. Under the STRAUSS project an Arduino controlled equipment has been developed to log the valve movements activity of clams (Polititapes rhomboides) using Hall-efect sensors. The equipment is able to record at 10Hz the signals of 16 Hall-sensors, to store the records in internal microSD cards and to send the stream of data to a personal computer for storing and plotting them in real-time.Peer Reviewe

Arduino controlled valvometry equipment for mussel raft monitoring

High-Frequency Non-Invasive (HFNI) instruments are currently used in bivalve mollusks in order to use them as bio-indicators of the local conditions of the environment. Under the STRAUSS project an Arduino controlled equipment has been developed to log the valve movements activity of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) using Hall-effect sensors. The equipment is able to record at 10Hz the signals of 27 Hall-sensors, temperature, fluorescence and , to store the records in internal microSD cards and to send the stream of data to in premisses data servers for storing and plotting them.Peer Reviewe

Influence of the calibration on experimental UV index at a midlatitude site, Granada (Spain)

The ultraviolet index (UVI) is the most commonly used variable to inform about the level and potential harmful effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching the Earth's surface. This variable is derived from the output signal of UV radiometers applying conversion factors from calibration methods. This paper focused on the influence of the use of two of these methods (called one-step and two-steps methods) on the experimental UVI measured by a YES UVB-1 radiometer located in a midlatitude station, Granada (Spain) for the period 2006–2009. In addition, it also analyzes the deviation from the UVI values obtained when the manufacturer's calibration factors are applied. For this goal, a detailed characterization of the UVB-1 radiometer from the first Spanish calibration campaign of broadband UV radiometers at the "El Arenosillo" INTA station in 2007 was used. In addition, modeled UVI data derived from the LibRadtran/UVSPEC radiative transfer code are compared with the experimental values recorded at Granada for cloud-free conditions. Absolute mean differences between measured and modeled UVI data at Granada were around 5% using the one-step and two-steps calibration methods, indicating an excellent performance of these two techniques for obtaining UVI data from the UVB-1 radiometer. Conversely, the application of the manufacture's calibration factor produced a large overestimation (~14%) of the UVI values, generating unreliable alarming high UVI data in summer. Thus, the number of days with an extreme erythemal risk (UVI higher than 10) increased up to 46% between May and September at Granada. This percentage reduced to a more reliable value of 3% when the conversion factors obtained with the two-steps calibration method are used. These results evidence the need for a sound calibration of the broadband UV instruments in order to obtain reliable measurements.This work was partially supported by the Andalusian Regional Government through projects P08-RNM-3568 and P10-RNM-6299, the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology through projects CGL2010-18782 and CSD2007-00067

Augmented Reality in Physical Therapy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: Augmented reality (AR) is a rapidly expanding technology; it comprises the generation of new images from digital information in the real physical environment of a person, which simulates an environment where the artificial and real are mixed. The use of AR in physiotherapy has shown benefits in certain areas of patient health. However, these benefits have not been studied as a whole. Objective: This study aims to ascertain the current scientific evidence on AR therapy as a complement to physiotherapy and to determine the areas in which it has been used the most and which variables and methods have been most effective. Methods: A systematic review registered in PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) was conducted following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta - Analyses) recommendations. The search was conducted from July to August 2021 in the PubMed, PEDro, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library scientific databases using the keywords augmented reality, physiotherapy, physical therapy, exercise therapy, rehabilitation, physical medicine, fitness, and occupational therapy. The methodological quality was evaluated using the PEDro scale and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network scale to determine the degree of recommendation The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias. Results: In total, 11 articles were included in the systematic review. Of the 11 articles, 4 (36%) contributed information to the meta-analysis. Overall, 64% (7/11) obtained a good level of evidence, and most had a B degree of recommendation of evidence. A total of 308 participants were analyzed. Favorable results were found for the Berg Balance Scale (standardized mean change 0.473, 95% CI -0.0877 to 1.0338; z=1.65; P=.10) and the Timed Up and Go test (standardized mean change -1.211, 95% CI -3.2005 to 0.7768; z=1.194; P=.23). Conclusions: AR, in combination with conventional therapy, has been used for the treatment of balance and fall prevention in geriatrics, lower and upper limb functionality in stroke, pain in phantom pain syndrome, and turning in place in patients with Parkinson disease with freezing of gait. AR is effective for the improvement of balance; however, given the small size of the samples and the high heterogeneity of the studies, the results were not conclusive. Future studies using larger sample sizes and with greater homogeneity in terms of the devices used and the frequency and intensity of the interventions are needed

Improving speech intelligibility in hearing aids. Part I: Signal processing algorithms

[EN] The improvement of speech intelligibility in hearing aids is a traditional problem that still remains open and unsolved. Modern devices may include signal processing algorithms to improve intelligibility: automatic gain control, automatic environmental classification or speech enhancement. However, the design of such algorithms is strongly restricted by some engineering constraints caused by the reduced dimensions of hearing aid devices. In this paper, we discuss the application of state-of-theart signal processing algorithms to improve speech intelligibility in digital hearing aids, with particular emphasis on speech enhancement algorithms. Different alternatives for both monaural and binaural speech enhancement have been considered, arguing whether they are suitable to be implemented in a commercial hearing aid or not.This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, under project TEC2012-38142-C04-02.Ayllón, D.; Gil Pita, R.; Rosa Zurera, M.; Padilla, L.; Piñero Sipán, MG.; Diego Antón, MD.; Ferrer Contreras, M.... (2014). Improving speech intelligibility in hearing aids. Part I: Signal processing algorithms. Waves. 6:61-71. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/57901S6171

Improving speech intelligibility in hearing aids. Part II: Quality assessment

[EN] Subjective tests are the most reliable methods for quantifying the perceived speech intelligibility, but the process to perform these tests usually is time consuming and cost expensive. For this reason, different objective measures have been proposed in the literature to evaluate the intelligibility and/or quality of speech in such a way that cooperation of human listeners is not necessary. In this paper, we describe a wide range of subjective tests reported in the literature, focusing on those proposed to evaluate speech intelligibility of Spanish language, not only for normal hearing listeners, but for hearing impaired as well. Afterwards we summarize the most common objective measures of speech quality, and finally we perform a comparison between them and some subjective speech intelligibility tests. In the subjective tests, clean Spanish speech material has been contaminated with different real background noises: cafeteria and outside traffic noise. Results show that Short-Time Objective Intelligibility (STOI) and Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) indices present a better correlation and a lower mean square error when predicting intelligibility compared to other objective measures tested.This work has been supported by European Union ERDF and Spanish Government through TEC2012-38142-C04 project, and Generalitat Valenciana through PROMETEOII/2014/003 project. Participation of author A. Padilla has been supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from Conacyt (Mexico). The authors wish to acknowledge Prof. Felipe Orduña for his insightful comments that contributed to improve the manuscript, and to everyone who participated in the listening tests.Padilla, A.; Piñero Sipán, MG.; Diego Antón, MD.; Ferrer Contreras, M.; González Téllez, A.; Ayllón, D.; Gil Pita, R.... (2014). Improving speech intelligibility in hearing aids. Part II: Quality assessment. Waves. 6:73-85. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/57900S7385

Structural connectivity and subcellular changes after antidepressant doses of ketamine and Ro 25-6981 in the rat: an MRI and immuno-labeling study

Ketamine has rapid and robust antidepressant effects. However, unwanted psychotomimetic effects limit its widespread use. Hence, several studies examined whether GluN2B-subunit selective NMDA antagonists would exhibit a better therapeutic profile. Although preclinical work has revealed some of the mechanisms of action of ketamine at cellular and molecular levels, the impact on brain circuitry is poorly understood. Several neuroimaging studies have examined the functional changes in the brain induced by acute administration of ketamine and Ro 25-6981 (a GluN2B-subunit selective antagonist), but the changes in the microstructure of gray and white matter have received less attention. Here, the effects of ketamine and Ro 25-6981 on gray and white matter integrity in male Sprague-Dawley rats were determined using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). In addition, DWI-based structural brain networks were estimated and connectivity metrics were computed at the regional level. Immunohistochemical analyses were also performed to determine whether changes in myelin basic protein (MBP) and neurofilament heavy-chain protein (NF200) may underlie connectivity changes. In general, ketamine and Ro 25-6981 showed some opposite structural alterations, but both compounds coincided only in increasing the fractional anisotropy in infralimbic prefrontal cortex and dorsal raphe nucleus. These changes were associated with increments of NF200 in deep layers of the infralimbic cortex (together with increased MBP) and the dorsal raphe nucleus. Our results suggest that the synthesis of NF200 and MBP may contribute to the formation of new dendritic spines and myelination, respectively. We also suggest that the increase of fractional anisotropy of the infralimbic and dorsal raphe nucleus areas could represent a biomarker of a rapid antidepressant response.Funding: Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This work was supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la Investigación (PI13/00038, PI16/00217 and PI19/00170 to A.A.) that were co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (‘A way to build Europe’); Generalitat Valenciana, Conselleria d’ Educació, Investigació, Cultura i Esport (GV/2018/049 to A.B-S.); Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (RTI2018-097534-B-I00 to F.P.-C.). Funding from the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III is also acknowledged