Awards, Archives, and Affects: Tropes in the World Press Photo Contest 2009 - 2011

__Abstract__ Photography contests have assumed an increasingly significant public role in the context of the global surge of mass-mediated war reporting. This study focuses on the recurrence of visual tropes in press photographs awarded in the annual contest World Press Photo (WPP) in the years 2009–11. By tropes, we mean conventions (e.g. a mourning woman, a civilian facing soldiers, a distressed witness to an atrocity) that remain unchanged despite their travels across the visual sphere, gaining professional and public recognition and having a strong affective impact. We contend that photography contests such as the WPP influence and organize a process of generic understanding of war, disaster and atrocity that is based on a number of persistent tropes, such as the mourner, the protester or the survivor amidst chaos and ruins. We further show that these tropes are gendered along traditional conceptions of femininity and masculinity, appealing strongly to both judges and wider audiences. The evidence for our claim comes from an analysis of the photographs that won awards, observation of the judging sessions, semi-structured interviews with three jury chairmen, and public commentary on the juries’ choices (blogs, newspapers and websites)

Conserved Genes Act as Modifiers of Invertebrate SMN Loss of Function Defects

Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is caused by diminished function of the Survival of Motor Neuron (SMN) protein, but the molecular pathways critical for SMA pathology remain elusive. We have used genetic approaches in invertebrate models to identify conserved SMN loss of function modifier genes. Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans each have a single gene encoding a protein orthologous to human SMN; diminished function of these invertebrate genes causes lethality and neuromuscular defects. To find genes that modulate SMN function defects across species, two approaches were used. First, a genome-wide RNAi screen for C. elegans SMN modifier genes was undertaken, yielding four genes. Second, we tested the conservation of modifier gene function across species; genes identified in one invertebrate model were tested for function in the other invertebrate model. Drosophila orthologs of two genes, which were identified originally in C. elegans, modified Drosophila SMN loss of function defects. C. elegans orthologs of twelve genes, which were originally identified in a previous Drosophila screen, modified C. elegans SMN loss of function defects. Bioinformatic analysis of the conserved, cross-species, modifier genes suggests that conserved cellular pathways, specifically endocytosis and mRNA regulation, act as critical genetic modifiers of SMN loss of function defects across species

PENGARUH KOMPETENSI DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PUSTAKAWAN DI PERPUSTAKAAN KOTA YOGYAKARTA

Rahmat Iqbal. 1420011004. The Effect of Competence and Motivation to Librarian Performance in The Library of Yogyakarta. Master Thesis. Master Program of Interdisciplinary Islamic Studies, Library and Information Science Major. Graduate School of UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta. The Library of Yogyakarta is the only library in Yogyakarta which is opened until 12.00 PM, so it needs the competent human resources and enough motivations to increase the librarians performance. This study is aim to understand the effect of competence and motivation to librarian performance in The Library of Yogyakarta. This study is a quantitative research. The populations are all of the librarians at The Library of Yogyakarta, and for the samples are taken from the total of population, they are 26 librarians, this techniques is usually used if the total of population. For the data collecting methods, in this study uses the observation and the questionaire. Pearson’s product moment is used for check the validity and Conbach Alpha is used for check reliability of the questionaire. There are two types of data analysis: 1) descriptive analysis uses mean; 2) to understand the effect among variables uses simple and multiple liniear regression. The result of the study indicate that: (1) the librarian competence is high with the average of 3,967; (2) the motivation is high with the average of 4,141; (3) the librarian performance is high with the average of 4,114, (4) there is a significant effect of competence to librarian performance with the coefficient of determination of 67%, (5) there is an effect of motivation to librarian performance with the coefficient of determination of 18,8 %, (6) there is an effect of competence and motivation to librarian performance with the coefficient of determination of 67,1%. The writer give a suggestion: to increase the librarian performance, head of library should more considers the competence approach than the motivation, because the competence variable gives more effect than motivation variable. Keyword: Librarian Competence, Motivation, and Librarian Performance. Perpustakaan Kota Yogyakarta merupakan perpustakaan satu-satunya di Yogyakarta yang membuka layanan sampai pukul 24:00, oleh karena itu maka dibutuhkan SDM yang kompeten dan motivasi yang cukup agar pustakawan memberikan kinerja/performa terbaiknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui untuk mengetahui seberapa pengaruh kompetensi dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja pustakawan di Perpustakaan Kota Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Adapun populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua pustakawan di Perpustakaan Kota Yogyakarta. Teknik pengambilan sempel menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh yaitu 26 pustakawan. Teknik ini dilakukan jika jumlah populasi relatif sedikit. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan observasi dan kuesioner/angket. Untuk menguji keterandalan instrument dilakukan dengan uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas. Analisis data deskriptif menggunakan rumus mean, dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh antar variabel menggunakan regresi linier sederhana dan regresi linier ganda. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa kompetensi pustakawan tinggi dibuktikan dengan skor mean 3,967, motivasi kerja pustakawan tinggi dibuktikan dengan skor mean 4,141, dan kinerja pustakawan tinggi dibuktikan dengan skor mean 4,114. Diketahui juga kompetensi (X1) memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja sebesar 67%, motivasi kerja (X2) memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja sebesar 18,8% dan diketahui juga kedua variabel secara bersama-sama memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja sebesar 67,1%. Peneliti memberi saran, yaitu: untuk meningkatkan kinerja pustakawan pimpinan disarankan untuk lebih mempertimbangkan pendekatan kompetensi dari pada motivasi kerja, hal tersebut dikarenakan variabel kompetensi memiliki pengaruh yang lebih besar dari pada variabel motivasi kerja. Kata kunci: Kompetensi, Kompetensi Pustakawan, Motivasi Kerja, dan kinerja Pustakawan