Effects of Temperature on the Toxicity to the Aquatic Biota of Waste Discharges - A Compilation of the Literature

An extensive compiliation and general evaluation of the literature is presented which describes the temperature interaction with toxicity. Recent literature is summarized and made accessible along with a few generalized relationships such that researchers may design studies in a manner that will increase the utility of their results. A detailed indexing system is employed which makes the information contained in the report accessible by author, toxicant, and text organism. Summary tables of the most pertinent literature are also presented for easy subject retrieval. It was concluded that very little uniformity in experimental design is found between experiments on temperature-toxicity relationships, and a generalized summary of the results presented in th eliterature is essentially impossible because of the inconsistencies in experimental designs. The utilization of standard bioassay procedures is highly recommened, and these procedures should be applied to experimental designs which allow the estimation of parameters related to the theoretical effects of temperature

Survival estimates of bycatch individuals discarded from bivalve dredges

The fate of released bycatch is an issue of great interest for fisheries research and management. Survival experiments were carried out to assess the survival capacity of animals damaged and discarded during clam dredging operations. Three common bycatch species, two fish (Trachinus vipera; Dicologlossa cuneata) and one crab (Polybius henslowii), were collected during the sorting of catches from a commercial dredging boat. An arbitrary score scale was used to quantify the type and extent of damage to the organisms. Onboard, damaged individuals were placed in tanks containing seawater which were subsequently transferred to the laboratory. Survival experiments were conducted during the subsequent 48h. D. cuneata exhibited the lowest mortality after 48h (54%), followed by P. henslowii (65%) and T. vipera (81%). Despite the magnitude of the percentage mortalities determined, the average number of individuals estimated to die during a 15 minutes tow (standard commercial fishing time) was relatively small: 1.2, 3.24 and 11 for D. cuneata, T. vipera and P. henslowii, respectively. Nevertheless, when these figures are extrapolated to cover all the dredging fleet the impact of this practice on the populations of the species studied can be significant, particulary for D. cuneata

Low-mass star formation in Lynds 1333

Medium-resolution optical spectroscopy of the candidate YSOs associated with the small, nearby molecular cloud Lynds~1333 revealed four previously unknown classical T Tauri stars, two of which are components of a visual double, and a Class I source, IRAS 02086+7600. The spectroscopic data, together with new V,R_ C,I_C photometric and 2MASS J, H, and K_s data allowed us to estimate the masses and ages of the new T Tauri stars. We touch on the possible scenario of star formation in the region. L1333 is one of the smallest and nearest known star forming clouds, therefore it may be a suitable target for studying in detail the small scale structure of a star forming environment.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted by MNRA

Água na pecuária: requerimento animal e gerenciamento das fontes.

As exigências de água para a manutenção do rebanho bovino brasileiro podem competir com as da população humana, ou com as demandas da produção agrícola do país. Portanto, a utilização racional da água na propriedade torna-se cada dia mais necessária, especialmente se levarmos em conta a previsão de cenários futuros do comércio internacional de produtos de origem animal. Com relação ao uso da água pelos animais, principalmente aqueles criados a pasto, alguns aspectos fundamentais devem ser considerados pelos produtores. O primeiro é relacionado à qualidade da água, o que pode ser garantido com as medidas discorridas ao longo deste capítulo, tais como, impedir o acesso dos animais às fontes, manutenção e limpeza periódica destas, construção de bebedouros e tratamento da água, quando possível. O segundo aspecto é com relação ao fornecimento de quantidade adequada aos animais. Finalmente, outro aspecto que nem sempre é observado, mas que é tão importante quanto os primeiros, diz respeito ao uso racional da mesma, evitando-se desperdício. Medidas como o controle da água captada e consumida, pela instalação de hidrômetros ou ainda a reutilização da água de lavagem dos equipamentos e instalações de leiterias para a fertirrigação, podem ser simples, mas representam economia com relação ao uso da água. Tanto do ponto de vista sanitário, quanto de redução do consumo, o ideal é a construção de bebedouros para o fornecimento de água de beber aos animais. Nestes é possível fazer limpeza e desinfecção periódicas e usar água tratada. Além disso, este tipo de fonte não fornece acesso à imersão dos animais na água, minimizando a transmissão de doenças de veiculação hídrica. Também proporcionam menores perdas por evaporação, se comparados a fontes com grandes áreas de lâmina d?água e permitem o controle de captação e consumo de água. Porém, os custos de implantação de bebedouros muitas vezes inviabilizam seu uso em propriedades. Na impossibilidade de construir bebedouros, é desejável o acesso a sombreamento em abundância, para evitar que os animais permaneçam longos períodos imersos nas fontes de água, pois quanto maior o tempo de permanência dos animais dentro d agua, maior a chance de contaminação da mesma. Além das questões ambientais referentes aos mananciais, a melhoria na qualidade da água pode ter um impacto profundo na saúde, no bem-estar e no desempenho dos animais e, consequentemente, na lucratividade da propriedade. De forma geral, a gestão eficiente dos recursos hídricos deve assumir uma posição de destaque no planejamento do controle sanitário do rebanho, sempre vinculando quantidade e qualidade de água à produção animal, de forma a tornar mais racional o uso desse recurso.ODS 2

Manual de técnicas laboratoriais e de campo para a realização de ensaios experimentais em parasitologia veterinária: foco em helmintos gastrintestinais de ruminantes.

Coleta de amostras fecais; Contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG); Coprocultura; Identificação de larvas infectantes (l3) de nematódeos de ruminantes; Recuperação de larvas da pastagem; Criopreservação de larvas infectantes em nitrogênio líquido; Teste de eclodibilidade de ovos - TEO; Montagem de lâminas de helmintos; Coleta de helmintos adultos em necropsia de ovinos; Lista de soluçõesbitstream/item/136882/1/DT-148-online.pd

Sodium butyrate in growing and fattening diets for early-weaned rabbits

[EN] To study the effect of adding coated sodium butyrate (SB) to growing-fattening rabbit diets, 2 trials were conducted. In trial 1, 180 rabbits were housed in pairs and fattened from 23 (weaning) to 63 d of age to evaluate their zootechnical performance. Trial 2 involved 30 rabbits, from 23 to 37 d of age and housed individually in digestibility cages, to evaluate digestibility, caecal fermentative activity and morphology of the intestinal mucosa. In both trials rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups, each receiving one of the following diets: control diet [CTR, 360 g neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and 170 g crude protein (CP)/kg dry matter (DM)] and SB diet. The SB diet, similar to CTR diet, included coated SB at 5 g/kg by replacement of an identical quantity of wheat. In trial 1, after the first 2 wk, the SB content was reduced from 5 to 3 g/kg. In trial 2, faeces were collected over the last 6 d (32-37 d of age), with rabbits being slaughtered at 37 d of age. Gastric and caecal pH were measured and fermentative activity was determined in caecal contents. Three sections of the small intestine were excised from 20 rabbits (10 per treatment) for microscopic examination of intestinal villi and crypts in the proximal region, central region and distal region. In the first 2 wk after weaning, SB rabbits grew 8% less than their counterparts (P=0.002), but had a better feed conversion ratio (1.58 vs. 1.61; P=0.036). During the whole trial 1 period, SB improved feed conversion (P=0.005) and decreased feed intake (104.1 CTR vs. 98.8 g/d SB; P=0.017). No difference was recorded in daily weight gain (42.7 vs. 42.9 g/d). In both diets, the digestibility of DM, organic matter, energy, CP and NDF were similar. In the 3 intestinal regions of rabbits fed SB diet, crypts were deeper (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in villus height and width between treatments. Pectinase activity was higher (P=0.054) with SB diet, but cellulase and xylanase activity remained unaffected by diet. In our experimental conditions, the addition of SB allowed an improvement in feed conversion.Ribeiro, J.; Gaspar, S.; Pinho, M.; Freire, JPB.; Falcão-E-Cunha, L. (2012). Sodium butyrate in growing and fattening diets for early-weaned rabbits. World Rabbit Science. 20(4):199-207. doi:10.4995/wrs.2012.1233SWORD19920720

Características biológicas de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus mantidos em novilhas naïve da raça Angus.

SIEPE

Vacinação de bovinos: esclarecendo algumas dúvidas.

bitstream/item/114667/1/Documentos-134-14-on-line.pd

A vacinação de bovinos no controle de doenças: novas perspectiva.

bitstream/item/136961/1/FEED-FOOD-9-jun-15.pdfOnline. Também publicado no Rural Centro e Correio Rural com o título: A ciência e a vacinologia

Population and production parameters of the wedge clam Donax trunculus (Linnaeus, 1758) in intertidal areas on the southwest Spanish coast: Considerations in relation to protected areas

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