Integration of Transcriptome, Gross Morphology and Histopathology in the Gill of Sea Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) : Lessons from Multi-site Sampling

Funding statement The study was supported by the Scottish Aquaculture Innovation Centre (SAIC grant SL 2017 08, ‘Nutritional Aspects of Gill Disease in Atlantic Salmon’) and co-funded by BioMar and Scottish Sea Farms (SSF). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank SSF farm personnel for accommodating our research, performing gross morphology scoring and helping with sampling. Edinburgh Genomics is partly supported through core grants from NERC (R8/H10/56), MRC (MR/K001744/1), and BBSRC (BB/J004243/1). We also thank two reviewers for their comments on the earlier draft of the article. EK dedicates this paper to her late mother, Irena Król.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Measurement of the inclusive isolated-photon cross section in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV using 36 fb−1 of ATLAS data

The differential cross section for isolated-photon production in pp collisions is measured at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb. The differential cross section is presented as a function of the photon transverse energy in different regions of photon pseudorapidity. The differential cross section as a function of the absolute value of the photon pseudorapidity is also presented in different regions of photon transverse energy. Next-to-leading-order QCD calculations from Jetphox and Sherpa as well as next-to-next-to-leading-order QCD calculations from Nnlojet are compared with the measurement, using several parameterisations of the proton parton distribution functions. The predictions provide a good description of the data within the experimental and theoretical uncertainties. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

El problema de la delincuencia de menores

Conferencia dada por el Profesor de Legislación y Administración de la Escuela de Ingeniería, señor Samuel Gajardo, en el Salón de Honor de la Casa Universitaria el 17 de Agosto de 1928

El problema de la delincuencia de menores

Conferencia dada por el Profesor de Legislación y Administración de la Escuela de Ingeniería, señor Samuel Gajardo, en el Salón de Honor de la Casa Universitaria el 17 de Agosto de 1928

Efectos del clima escolar sobre la deserción en Chile : un estudio de dimensión longitudonal en bases a datos SIMCE

Seminario para optar al título de Ingeniero Comercial, Mención Economía.Este es el primer estudio econométrico para Chile que examina la relación entre deserción escolar y el clima escolar en educación secundaria. Se utilizan datos de las bases de rendimiento del MINEDUC del año 2011 y 2012, y datos de las bases SIMCE de los años 2007 y 2011, permitiendo generar un indicador del clima escolar percibido por alumnos y profesores. A través de un modelo logit se explota la dimensión longitudinal de los datos. Se encuentra una relación positiva y significativa entre la probabilidad de desertar y la percepción de un mal clima escolar por parte de los estudiantes. En ambientes de mal clima escolar, la probabilidad de deserción alcanza hasta 29% mayor, en relación a la probabilidad de deserción en ambientes de buen clima escolar. Estos resultados dan respaldo a la política educacional que se ocupe de mejorar el clima escolar en las aulas

El debido proceso en los procedimientos administrativos sancionadores

Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicias y sociales)No autorizada por los autores para ser publicada a texto completoLa presente tesis tiene como tema central de investigación, la aplicación y el respeto de los derechos enmarcados dentro del debido proceso legal por parte de la Administración, en la substanciación de los procedimientos sancionadores aplicados por esta. La inquietud surge del hecho que en la actualidad nos encontramos con un número importante de órganos de la Administración del Estado que ejercen jurisdicción (Tribunales Tributarios, el Servicio de Salud y Medio Ambiente, la Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros, entre otros). Ante esta realidad cabe preguntarse si el "brazo jurisdiccional" de la Administración del Estado está respetando a cabalidad, en la substanciación de sus procedimientos, el derecho del ciudadano a un debido proceso legal, expresado este en sus diversas garantías y principios

Autonomic nervous system assessment by pupillary response as a potential biomarker for cardiovascular risk: A pilot study

Background: Cardiovascular risk (CVR) biomarkers are of increasing interest because of their potential utility in management of cardiovascular diseases. The activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is known to be highly correlated with CVR and therefore, is a putative biomarker. Common ANS measurement tools have several technological limitations and high-variance signals. The pupillary responses (PR) is controlled by both components of the ANS, and recent advances in pupillometry are making this measurement, easy and reliable. Thus, PR assessment could become a useful clinical tool to measure the ANS modulation and its relation to CVR. Here, we aimed to evaluate differences in PR between low CVR and moderate/high CVR individuals. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study. We recruited voluntaries with low CVR (group 1, n = 12) and patients with moderate/high CVR (group 2, n = 7). An eye tracker was used to measure PR to different visual stimulus that included colors (white, black, gray) and images with known emotional valence (pleasant, unpleasant and neutrals), which were intercalated by pink "noise" images. Differences in PR between both CVR groups were assessed by Mann Whitney U test of different epochs of the PR. Results: PR was significantly different between both CVR groups (p-value < 0,05) when the observed images were unpleasant, neutral, and pink noise, for different epochs of the PR. Conclusions: This is the first study that demonstrates that PR is different according to CVR. Thus, PR could be considered as a novel biomarker of CVR to be tested in prospective studies