42 research outputs found
Effects of combined administration of FK 506 and the purine biosynthesis inhibitors mizoribine or mycophenolic acid on lymphocyte DNA synthesis and T cell activation molecule expression in human mixed lymphocyte cultures
Our objective was to obtain new information on the in vitro antilymphocytic action of the cytokine synthesis inhibitor FK 506 and the purine biosynthesis inhibitors mycophenolic acid (MPA; the active moiety of RS61443) and mizoribine (MZB) when used alone or in combination. When added at the initiation of six-day human mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), FK 506, MPA or MZB exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of T-lymphocyte DNA synthesis. FK 506, however, was 100-fold more potent than MPA, and 10000-fold more potent than MZB. Combination of FK 506 with either MPA or MZB, each at suboptional concentrations, produced no more than additive inhibitory effects on 3H thymidine incorporation. Two-colour flow cytometric analysis of lymphocytes revealed that none of the drugs affected cell surface activation molecule expression (CD25 = IL-2R 55 kD α-chain, HLA-DR or CD71 = transferrin receptor [TR]) on allostimulated CD4+ or CD8+ cells harvested at three days of culture. By day six, however, all three agents, at levels which markedly inhibited proliferation, suppressed the expression of activation markers on both CD4+ and CD8+ cells. Also at day six, inhibition of activation molecule expression on CD4+ cells was achieved with the combination of FK 506 and either MPA or MZB at concentrations which, on their own, were ineffective. These data provide new, additional information on the in vitro antilymphocytic action of FK 506, MPA and MZB when used alone and in combination. © 1993
Heavy quarkonium: progress, puzzles, and opportunities
A golden age for heavy quarkonium physics dawned a decade ago, initiated by
the confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and an
explosion of related experimental activity. The early years of this period were
chronicled in the Quarkonium Working Group (QWG) CERN Yellow Report (YR) in
2004, which presented a comprehensive review of the status of the field at that
time and provided specific recommendations for further progress. However, the
broad spectrum of subsequent breakthroughs, surprises, and continuing puzzles
could only be partially anticipated. Since the release of the YR, the BESII
program concluded only to give birth to BESIII; the -factories and CLEO-c
flourished; quarkonium production and polarization measurements at HERA and the
Tevatron matured; and heavy-ion collisions at RHIC have opened a window on the
deconfinement regime. All these experiments leave legacies of quality,
precision, and unsolved mysteries for quarkonium physics, and therefore beg for
continuing investigations. The plethora of newly-found quarkonium-like states
unleashed a flood of theoretical investigations into new forms of matter such
as quark-gluon hybrids, mesonic molecules, and tetraquarks. Measurements of the
spectroscopy, decays, production, and in-medium behavior of c\bar{c}, b\bar{b},
and b\bar{c} bound states have been shown to validate some theoretical
approaches to QCD and highlight lack of quantitative success for others. The
intriguing details of quarkonium suppression in heavy-ion collisions that have
emerged from RHIC have elevated the importance of separating hot- and
cold-nuclear-matter effects in quark-gluon plasma studies. This review
systematically addresses all these matters and concludes by prioritizing
directions for ongoing and future efforts.Comment: 182 pages, 112 figures. Editors: N. Brambilla, S. Eidelman, B. K.
Heltsley, R. Vogt. Section Coordinators: G. T. Bodwin, E. Eichten, A. D.
Frawley, A. B. Meyer, R. E. Mitchell, V. Papadimitriou, P. Petreczky, A. A.
Petrov, P. Robbe, A. Vair
Time-resolved photoluminescence of sub-monolayer InGaAs/GaAs quantum-dot-quantum-well heterostructures
Vertical diversity of coalbed methane content and its geological controls in the Qingshan syncline, western Guizhou province, China
The distribution of methane content in the coalbed is complex in the Qinshan Syncline of western Guizhou Province. Analyses of factors controlling on the distribution of gas content are made in this paper. Coal ranks and geo-structure in the region showed strong controls on the gas distribution. Coals with higher degree of metamorphism or located in syncline most likely have higher gas content. With the concept of coalbed methane content unite thickness (CBMCUT), those factors such as coal seam buried depth and coal structure present positive relations with gas content. Results indicated that the variation of CBMCUT is not fixed in different research areas or in different coal structures. Namely, the variation follows "v-shaped" correlation with the increasing coal buried depth in the region of Qinshan Syncline. However, the trend is smooth for the coals in the Panzhuang mining area. Usually, the critical value for primary-texture coal and mylonitized is different based on the analysis of the relationship between coal structure and CBMCUT in those two areas described above. The value is commonly higher in mylonitized coal and lower in those mainly primary-texture and fragmented coals
Quartz Crystal Microbalance Study of Protein Adsorption on Chitosan, Chitosan/Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) Blends and Chitosan-graft-Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) Surfaces
Defect-induced magnetism in undoped wide band gap oxides: Zinc vacancies in ZnO as an example
10.1063/1.3609964AIP Advances12