Jimmy Carter and the sale of the AWACS to Iran in 1977

© 2017 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. It appeared that as 1977 dawned, the political climate in the United States might render multi-billion dollar arms sales into unstable regions a thing of the past. Jimmy Carter triumphed in the presidential election of November 1976 on a popular platform of arms control and the introduction of human rights considerations into American foreign policy. His transition from that idealistic candidate to the president who agreed to sell Iran a fleet of highly advanced AWACS aircraft, as part of a record breaking $5.7 billion arms package, is therefore outwardly confusing. Yet, when examining the entrenched policy path that Carter inherited regarding arming Iran, and the larger needs of Cold War containment, the logic of Carter’s decisions essentially to betray his own policies in this case becomes clear

Mass limit for the standard model Higgs boson with the full LEP I ALEPH data sample

complete author list: Buskulic D.; de Bonis I.; Decamp D.; Ghez P.; Goy C.; Lees J.; Lucotte A.; Minard M.; Nief J.; Odier P.; Pietrzyk B.; Casado M.; Chmeissani M.; Crespo J.; Delfino M.; Efthymiopoulos I.; Fernandez E.; Fernandez-Bosman M.; Garrido L.; Juste A.; Martinez M.; Orteu S.; Padilla C.; Park I.; Pascual A.; Perlas J.; Riu I.; Sanchez F.; Teubert F.; Colaleo A.; Creanza D.; de Palma M.; Gelao G.; Girone M.; Iaselli G.; Maggi G.; Maggi M.; Marinelli N.; Nuzzo S.; Ranieri A.; Raso G.; Ruggieri F.; Selvaggi G.; Silvestris L.; Tempesta P.; Zito G.; Huang X.; Lin J.; Ouyang Q.; Wang T.; Xie Y.; Xu R.; Xue S.; Zhang J.; Zhang L.; Zhao W.; Alemany R.; Bazarko A.; Bonvicini G.; Cattaneo M.; Comas P.; Coyle P.; Drevermann H.; Forty R.; Frank M.; Hagelberg R.; Harvey J.; Janot P.; Jost B.; Kneringer E.; Knobloch J.; Lehraus I.; Lutters G.; Martin E.; Mato P.; Minten A.; Miquel R.; Mir L.; Moneta L.; Oest T.; Pacheco A.; Pusztaszeri J.; Ranjard F.; Rensing P.; Rolandi L.; Schlatter D.; Schmelling M.; Schmitt M.; Schneider O.; Tejessy W.; Tomalin I.; Venturi A.; Wachsmuth H.; Wagner A.; Ajaltouni Z.; Barrès A.; Boyer C.; Falvard A.; Gay P.; Guicheney C.; Henrard P.; Jousset J.; Michel B.; Monteil S.; Montret J.; Pallin D.; Perret P.; Podlyski F.; Proriol J.; Rosnet P.; Rossignol J.; Fearnley T.; Hansen J.; Hansen J.; Hansen J.; Hansen P.; Nilsson B.; Rensch B.; Wäänänen A.; Kyriakis A.; Markou C.; Simopoulou E.; Siotis I.; Vayaki A.; Zachariadou K.; Blondel A.; Bonneaud G.; Brient J.; Bourdon P.; Rougé A.; Rumpf M.; Valassi A.; Verderi M.; Videau H.; Candlin D.; Parsons M.; Focardi E.; Parrini G.; Corden M.; Georgiopoulos C.; Jaffe D.; Antonelli A.; Bencivenni G.; Bologna G.; Bossi F.; Campana P.; Capon G.; Casper D.; Chiarella V.; Felici G.; Laurelli P.; Mannocchi G.; Murtas F.; Murtas G.; Passalacqua L.; Pepe-Altarelli M.; Curtis L.; Dorris S.; Halley A.; Knowles I.; Lynch J.; O'Shea V.; Raine C.; Reeves P.; Scarr J.; Smith K.; Teixeira-Dias P.; Thompson A.; Thomson F.; Thorn S.; Turnbull R.; Becker U.; Geweniger C.; Graefe G.; Hanke P.; Hansper G.; Hepp V.; Kluge E.; Putzer A.; Schmidt M.; Sommer J.; Stenzel H.; Tittel K.; Werner S.; Wunsch M.; Abbaneo D.; Beuselinck R.; Binnie D.; Cameron W.; Dornan P.; Moutoussi A.; Nash J.; Sedgbeer J.; Stacey A.; Williams M.; Dissertori G.; Girtler P.; Kuhn D.; Rudolph G.; Betteridge A.; Bowdery C.; Colrain P.; Crawford G.; Finch A.; Foster F.; Hughes G.; Sloan T.; Williams M.; Galla A.; Giehl I.; Greene A.; Kleinknecht K.; Quast G.; Renk B.; Rohne E.; Sander H.; van Gemmeren P.; Zeitnitz C.; Aubert J.; Bencheikh A.; Benchouk C.; Bonissent A.; Bujosa G.; Calvet D.; Carr J.; Diaconu C.; Etienne F.; Konstantinidis N.; Payre P.; Rousseau D.; Talby M.; Sadouki A.; Thulasidas M.; Trabelsi K.; Aleppo M.; Ragusa F.; Abt I.; Assmann R.; Bauer C.; Blum W.; Dietl H.; Dydak F.; Ganis G.; Gotzhein C.; Jakobs K.; Kroha H.; Lütjens G.; Lutz G.; Manner W.; Moser H.; Richter R.; Rosado-Schlosser A.; Schael S.; Settles R.; Seywerd H.; Denis R.; Wiedenmann W.; Wolf G.; Boucrot J.; Callot O.; Choi Y.; Cordier A.; Davier M.; Duflot L.; Grivaz J.; Heusse P.; Höcker A.; Jacquet M.; Kim D.; Le Diberder F.; Lefrançois J.; Lutz A.; Nikolic I.; Park H.; Schune M.; Simion S.; Veillet J.; Videau I.; Zerwas D.; Azzurri P.; Bagliesi G.; Batignani G.; Bettarini S.; Bozzi C.; Calderini G.; Carpinelli M.; Ciocci M.; Ciulli V.; Dell'Orso R.; Fantechi R.; Ferrante I.; Foà L.; Forti F.; Giassi A.; Giorgi M.; Gregorio A.; Ligabue F.; Lusiani A.; Marrocchesi P.; Messineo A.; Palla F.; Rizzo G.; Sanguinetti G.; Sciabà A.; Spagnolo P.; Steinberger J.; Tenchini R.; Tonelli G.; Vannini C.; Verdini P.; Walsh J.; Blair G.; Bryant L.; Cerutt F.; Chambers J.; Gao Y.; Green M.; Medcalf T.; Perrodo P.; Strong J.; von Wimmersperg-Toeller J.; Botteril D.; Clifft P.; Edgecock T.; Haywood S.; Maley P.; Norton P.; Thompson J.; Wright A.; Bloch-Devaux B.; Colas P.; Emery S.; Kozanecki W.; Lançon E.; Lemaire M.; Locci E.; Marx B.; Perez P.; Rander J.; Renardy J.; Roussarie A.; Schuller J.; Schwindling J.; Trabelsi A.; Vallage B.; Black S.; Dann J.; Johnson R.; Kim H.; Litke A.; McNeil M.; Taylor G.; Booth C.; Boswell R.; Brew C.; Cartwright S.; Combley F.; Koksal A.; Letho M.; Newton W.; Reeve J.; Thompson L.; Böhrer A.; Brandt S.; Büscher V.; Cowan G.; Grupen C.; Minguet-Rodriguez J.; Rivera F.; Saraiva P.; Smolik L.; Stephan F.; Apollonio M.; Bosisio L.; Delia Marina R.; Giannini G.; Gobbo B.; Musolino G.; Rothberg J.; Wasserbaech S.; Armstrong S.; Elmer P.; Feng Z.; Ferguson D.; Gao Y.; Gonzalez S.; Grahl J.; Greening T.; Hayes O.; Hu H.; McNamara P.; Nachtman J.; Orejudos W.; Pan Y.; Saadi Y.; Scott I.; Walsh A.; Wu S.; Wu X.; Yamartino J.; Zheng M.; Zobernig G.; Zobernig G.; Zheng M.; Yamartino J.; Wu X.; Buskulic D.</p

Tribe and state in Waziristan 1849-1883.

The thesis begins by describing the socio-political and economic organisation of the tribes of Waziristan in the mid-nineteenth century, as well as aspects of their culture, attention being drawn to their egalitarian ethos and the importance of tarburwali, rivalry between patrilateral parallel cousins. It goes on to examine relations between the tribes and the British authorities in the first thirty years after the annexation of the Punjab. Along the south Waziristan border, Mahsud raiding was increasingly regarded as a problem, and the ways in which the British tried to deal with this are explored; in the 1870s indirect subsidies, and the imposition of 'tribal responsibility' are seen to have improved the position, but divisions within the tribe and the tensions created by the Second Anglo-Afghan War led to a tribal army burning Tank in 1879. The contrast is drawn with the relatively good relations which were established with many of the Darwesh Khel Wazirs, some of whom had begun to graze flocks and cultivate land in the Bannu district on the north Waziristan border. However, clumsy handling of the latter led to a serious crisis in 1870, and the resulting efforts to improve tribal management are described. In conclusion, the nature of British frontier policy in Waziristan in this period is analysed, and the strategic, political, economic and cultural influences upon it examined; in particular ideas about how the tribes were organised and could be handled are investigated. Actual techniques of tribal management are described and their effectiveness assessed. Tribal reactions are briefly explored; the difficulties experienced with them are seen to have been due to factionalism and a general clash of cultures, as much as to their poverty. The relationship between the tribes and the government in Kabul in this period is also discussed. The implications for the general question of relations between 'tribe' and 'state' are briefly assessed, and the dialectical quality of the relationship emphasised

A multidisciplinary approach to investigate the osteobiography of the Roman Imperial population from Muracciola Torresina (Palestrina, Rome, Italy)

The present research provides the osteobiographical reconstruction of the Roman Imperial population of the rural area of Muracciola Torresina (Palestrina, Rome, Italy) through an innovative multidisciplinary approach, combining evidence from skeletal biology, biomolecules and archaeobotany. The excavation of the site, unearthed 76 individuals: 84.2% adults and 15.8% non-adults. Morphological examination showed a higher prevalence of females with respect to males (M:F = 0.89). Musculoskeletal stress marker analysis highlighted a probable division of daily tasks between sexes; the observed modifications mainly affected the upper limbs with a particular involvement of shoulder and elbow joints. The population seems to have experienced physically strenuous life conditions, as suggested by the high frequency of degenerative and infectious diseases. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope data supported an omnivorous diet mainly based on C3 plants and terrestrial animal protein. No statistically significant difference was found between sexes or age classes, even though a discrete variability of nitrogen isotopic values was observed which was hypothesized to reflect the consumption of pulses by certain individuals with the lowest values. Microscopic analysis of dental calculus detected Triticeae starch granules in the majority of the analyzed individuals. Chromatographic profiles additionally revealed the presence of ephedrine derivatives in the calculus of two individuals, an alkaloid which might indicate the consumption of Ephedra species used as medicinal plant due to its bronchodilator, nasal decongestant and vasoconstrictor properties. This use of multiple cutting-edge techniques has revealed a detailed snapshot of the diet and lifeways of the first Roman Imperial population to be recovered from the area of ancient Praeneste

Perceived life expectancy among dialysis recipients: a scoping review

Rationale & Objective: Greater prognostic understanding is associated with higher quality care at the end of life. We undertook a scoping review to explore how long dialysis recipients expect to live. Study Design: Scoping Review Setting and Study Population: People with kidney failure over 18 years old. Search Strategy & Sources: Studies were identified by searching Medline, Embase, APA PsycINFO, HMIC and ProQuest Database for terms related to “life expectancy”, “self -estimated” and “end stage kidney disease”. Data Extraction: Search strategies yielded 349 unique, potentially eligible studies, with 8 meeting the inclusion criteria after screening. Results: Significant mismatches between dialysis recipients and their healthcare provider estimations of prognosis were reported, with patients predicting significantly higher life expectancies than healthcare professionals and almost no agreement between patient and nephrologist estimates of one-year survival. Documented cognitive impairment did not affect 1- or 5-year prognosis estimates, neither did gender, age, time on dialysis or discussing perceived life expectancy. Dialysis recipients who thought they were on the transplant-list or self-identified as black had higher perceived life expectancy: people who were 75 years or older, or with fair/ poor self-reported health status had lower. Those with lower perceived life expectancy preferred care focusing on relieving pain and discomfort: people who thought they had a higher chance of survival were significantly more likely to prefer life-extending care. Limitations: There is a marked paucity of research in this area with most studies conducted in North American cohorts. Conclusions: Optimistic patient prognostic expectations persist in dialysis recipients. Given the effects of perceived life expectancy on treatment choices and subsequent quality of life, it is important that transparent discussions regarding prognosis are conducted with people receiving dialysis and their families