524 research outputs found
Radicalization in Correctional Systems: A Scoping Review of the Literature Evaluating the Effectiveness of Preventing and Countering Interventions
Although several prevention and countering radicalization programs in correctional institutions have been carried out in Europe and worldwide, little is known about their effectiveness. Thus, the current scoping review aimed at reporting on the state of the art of the literature assessing and evaluating such actions, identifying knowledge gaps, and examining methods used to assess their successfulness and impact. A total of eight studies that met eligibility criteria were reviewed after performing a search on Scopus, Web of Science, and PsychInfo (Ebsco) databases: Two studies evaluated a reintegration initiative based in the Netherlands; four focused on an Australian disengagement program; and two offered insights on a rehabilitation program carried out in Sri Lanka. Findings were discussed according to their evaluation methods (qualitative, mixed-methods, and quantitative) and instruments. Results highlighted that the evaluation process is still confronted with several methodological difficulties, such as a lack of agreement on how to univocally define and measure success and the identification of uniform indicators of deradicalization and disengagement. Additionally, results revealed that the effectiveness of these interventions is predominantly based on anecdotal evidence rather than on rigorous, empirical proofs. As such, it was not possible to compare these programs and determine which worked best. Suggestions for future research and practical implications for policymakers, prison governors, and practitioners are offered in the concluding section of this work
Validation of the Italian version of the Devaluation consumers' Scale and the Devaluation Consumers Families Scale
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Italian versions of the Devaluation of Consumers Scale (DCS) and the Devaluation of Consumer Families Scale (DCFS), two short-scales examining public stigma towards people with mental disorders and their relatives. Methods: The scales were administered to 117 individuals with a clinical diagnosis of affective or non-affective psychoses (ICD 10 criteria F20-29, F30-33). Translation procedures were carried out according to accepted standards. Internal reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Convergent validity was evaluated in terms of correlation with the Global Functioning Scale (GAF) and with the Questionnaire on Users' Opinions (QUO). Known-group validity was assessed comparing patients at first-episode of psychosis and patients with a history of psychosis of at least 3 years (long-term psychosis). Results: The overall Cronbach's alpha value was 0.85 for DCS and 0.81 for DCFS; subscales' alpha values ranged from 0.80 to 0.55 for DCS, and from 0.68 to 0.55 for DCFS. Negative correlations were found between the Italian DCS and the DCFS total score and the QUO affective problems (DCS -0.33; DCFS -0.235) and social distance subscales (DCS -0.290; DCFS -0.356). Moreover, the GAF positively correlated with some of the DCS and DCFS subscales. Patients with long-term psychosis had higher scores in most DCS and DCFS subscales. Conclusion: The Italian translation of DCF and DCFS showed good internal consistency, known-group validity, and convergent validity. These psychometric properties support their application in routine clinical practice in Italy as well as their use in international studies
The Physics of Heavy Flavours at SuperB
This is a review of the SuperB project, covering the accelerator, detector,
and highlights of the broad physics programme. SuperB is a flavour factory
capable of performing precision measurements and searches for rare and
forbidden decays of , , and
particles. These results can be used to test fundamental symmetries and
expectations of the Standard Model, and to constrain many different
hypothesised types of new physics. In some cases these measurements can be used
to place constraints on the existence of light dark matter and light Higgs
particles with masses below . The potential impact of the
measurements that will be made by SuperB on the field of high energy physics is
also discussed in the context of data taken at both high energy in the region
around the \Upsilon({\mathrm{4S}})$, and near charm threshold.Comment: 49 pages, topical review submitted to J. Phys
Psychometric evaluation of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS) in Italy
Two studies were conducted to adapt the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS) to the Italian context. Results suggest that the BPNSFS can be considered a promising instrument in the context of SDT-based research for investigating satisfaction and frustration of the three basic needs in Italy
Study of Excited States Decaying into and Baryons
Using a data sample of 980 of annihilation data
taken with the Belle detector operating at the KEKB asymmetric-energy
collider, we report the results of a study of excited states that
decay, via the emission of photons and/or charged pions, into or
ground state charmed-strange baryons. We present new measurements of
the masses of all members of the , ,
, , and isodoublets, measurements of
the intrinsic widths of those that decay strongly, and evidence of previously
unknown transitions.Comment: Submitted to PR
Energy scan of the cross sections and evidence for decays into charged bottomonium-like states
Using data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy
collider, we measure the energy dependence of the cross sections from thresholds up to GeV.
We find clear and peaks with little or no
continuum contribution. We study the resonant substructure of the
transitions and find evidence that they
proceed entirely via the intermediate isovector states and
. The relative fraction of these states is loosely constrained by
the current data: the hypothesis that only is produced is excluded
at the level of 3.3 standard deviations, while the hypothesis that only
is produced is not excluded at a significant level.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letter
Evidence for a vector charmonium-like state in
We report the measurement of via
initial-state radiation using a data sample of an integrated luminosity of
921.9 fb collected with the Belle detector at the and
nearby. We find evidence for an enhancement with a 3.4 significance in
the invariant mass of The measured mass and width
are
and ,
respectively. The mass, width, and quantum numbers of this enhancement are
consistent with the charmonium-like state at 4626 MeV/ recently reported
by Belle in The product of the cross section and the branching fraction of
is measured from
threshold to 5.6 GeV.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
Measurement of the CKM Matrix Element from at Belle
We present a new measurement of the CKM matrix element from decays, reconstructed with the full Belle data set
of integrated luminosity. Two form factor
parameterizations, originally conceived by the Caprini-Lellouch-Neubert (CLN)
and the Boyd, Grinstein and Lebed (BGL) groups, are used to extract the product
and the decay form factors, where
is the normalization factor and is a small
electroweak correction. In the CLN parameterization we find
, , , . For the BGL parameterization we
obtain , which is consistent with the World Average when correcting for
. The branching fraction of is measured to be . We also present a new
test of lepton flavor universality violation in semileptonic decays,
. The errors correspond to the statistical and
systematic uncertainties respectively. This is the most precise measurement of
and form factors to date and the first
experimental study of the BGL form factor parameterization in an experimental
measurement
Observation of and search for violation in radiative charm decays
We report the first observation of the radiative charm decay and the first search for violation in decays , , and , using a data sample of
943 fb collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy
collider. The branching fraction is measured to be , where the first
uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The obtained
asymmetries, , , and
, are consistent with no violation. We also present an improved
measurement of the branching fractions and
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