35 research outputs found
Magnetotail structures in a simulated Earth's magnetosphere
The structure of the magnetotail is investigated in a laboratory simulated magnetosphere. Particular emphasis is placed on the region of distant magnetotail where the closed field line region of the plasma sheet terminates and the process of reconnection takes place. Our study builds upon the previous investigation of the magnetotail where the main results were based on the magnetic field measurements in the tail region of the simulated magnetosphere. In this paper, more elaborate measurements of plasma flow and electric field are presented. Besides these measurements, this region of distant magnetotail is also explored by high resolution imaging with a gated optical imager (GOI) and by digital image analysis. These images clearly reveal a Y-type magnetic neutral line for the northward 'interplanetary' field (IMF) and a usual X-type for the southward IMF that confirms our previous results deduced from the magnetic field measurements. In the neighborhood of these neutral points a strong component of dawn to dusk electric field (E(sub y)) and a counterstreaming plasma flow is also observed. Plasma flow is measured by using a double sided Faraday cup which is also used to measure the y-component of tail current (J(sub y)) at different locations. These measurements reveal that the tail current is not carried by ions as previously thought, rather it is carried by electrons alone
The effect of CoQ10 and vitamin E on serum total sialic acid, lipid-bound sialic acid, some trace elements and minerals in rats induced with doxorubicin
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of CoQ10 and vitamin E on serum total sialic acid (TSA), lipid bound sialic acid (LSA) and some elements in rat administered doxorubicin (DXR). Cu levels were increased in the group treated with DXR + vitamin E in comparison with DXR (p<0.05) and CoQ10 groups (p = 0.001). Furthermore, copper levels were increased in the group treated with DXR + CoQ10 in comparison with CoQ10 group (p < 0.05). Zn levels were decreased in the group treated with DXR + vitamin E in comparison with CoQ10 group (p < 0.05). Mg levels were decreased in subjects treated with DXR + vitamin E in comparison with the control group values (p < 0.05). Particularly, the observed increase in Cu levels in rats from DXR + vitamin E group might be due to the decrease of vitamin E. However, the oxidative damage could be as a result of DXR occurence and may be helpful to clinicians in chemotherapy using anthracycline.Key words: Doxorubicin, total sialic acid (TSA), lipid bound sialic acid (LSA), trace elements, minerals
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Incremental Analysis of MOD Problem for C
Incremental data flow analysis seeks to efficiently and precisely update data flow information after source code changes, based on the knowledge of the former solution and the changes, without re-computation from scratch. Interprocedural modification side effect analysis (i.e., MOD) finds the set of variables modified by execution of a statement. Computing MOD information for a language with general purpose pointers, like C, is very complicated and costly. We study the applicability of the hybrid algorithm [MR90] to incrementalize PMOD - a subproblem of the MOD problem for C. We also show how to update data flow information when non-structural or structural changes are made to the flow graph. 1. Introduction Information about the uses and definitions of data in programs is crucial to software testing, debugging and maintenance, especially of large software systems [Ryd89]. This information is also essential in program optimization and parallelization [ASU86]. Since a software system ev..
ΠΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Ρ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ
Article concerns development of classification of real estate in Ukraine. The developed classification allows to solve correctly a number of the corresponding cadastral, land management, estimated and other tasks. The analysis of classifications of lands, improvements and real estate is made. National classification of real estate is created.Improving the existing classification of real estate in Ukraine. This will alleviate a number of problems and issues related to real estate. Now the market situation where any of the market participants may declare that a particular object belongs to a particular class. And in fact, objects that are positioned as one class may belong to very different segments and different price categories.Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
, Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π‘ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π³ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ. Π‘Π΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΡ. Π Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡ, ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ.Π ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π² Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
, Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
, ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ° ΡΠ½ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ. ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ· ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΉ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ. Π‘ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ. Π£Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±βΡΠΊΡΡΠ² Π½Π΅ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π² Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π³ΡΠΈΡΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΡ Π·Π°Π²Π΄Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²βΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ· Π½Π΅ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ°Π· ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ΄Ρ-ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ· ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ² ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅, ΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈ ΡΠ½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±βΡΠΊΡ Π½Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΈ ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡ. Π Π½Π°ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΄Ρ ΠΎΠ±βΡΠΊΡΠΈ, ΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΊΠ»Π°Ρ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ² ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΉ
ΠΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Π² Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ
Work concerns development of national system of classification of the land plots. The developed classification will allow to solve correctly a number of the corresponding cadastral, land management, estimated and other tasks. The analysis of classifications of lands, improvements and real estate in general is made. The created offers concerning creation of a new classification of the land plots in Ukraine.Today the Ukrainian real estate market has no single system that separates the system property groups, classes and types. This significantly complicates the work and can not fully be aware of the specific situation of real estate market. This task is designed to solve classification properties, it is used to transition from a diversity of individual properties to a limited number of classes of evaluation objects. The classification is different functional purpose (use) facilities assessment, which determines the difference in value.Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ². Π’Π°ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
, Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ. Π‘ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Π΅.ΠΠ° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°, ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ, ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅. ΠΡΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ (ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅) ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ.Π ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
, Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
, ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ° ΡΠ½ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ. ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ· ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΉ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌΡ. Π‘ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Π² Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ.ΠΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ΡΡΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°, ΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏ, ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ² Ρ ΡΠΈΠΏΡΠ². Π¦Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡ Ρ Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±'ΡΠΊΡΡΠ² Π½Π΅ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡ. Π¦Π΅ Π·Π°Π²Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½Π° Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±'ΡΠΊΡΡΠ² Π½Π΅ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ, Π²ΠΎΠ½Π° Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±'ΡΠΊΡΡΠ² Π½Π΅ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ² ΠΎΠ±'ΡΠΊΡΡΠ² ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ·Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ (Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ) ΠΎΠ±'ΡΠΊΡΡΠ² ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΊΠ΅ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π²Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Investigation of Polymorphism of Glutathione Peroxidase, Catalase, Superoxide Dismutase Gene and Genotype Distribution in Sheep with Fluorosis
Reactive oxygen species have been considered to play a significant part in the development of fluorosis, a critical public health issue in many parts of the world. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study, conducted on two groups of sheep, with and without fluorosis, was (i) to determine the effect of fluorosis on antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and on malondialdehyde (MDA); and (ii) to investigate the relationship between the SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px genotypes and the antioxidant enzyme levels. METHODS: The two groups of sheep were: (i) 24 Akkaraman sheep with fluorosis living in Dogubeyazit province of Agri and (ii) 20 Akkaraman sheep with no signs of fluorosis living in Van. The MDA level and the antioxidant enzyme activities were identified spectrophometrically. The genotype characteristics were determined by the PCR-RFLP method using DNA extracted from blood. RESULTS: Compared to the control sheep without fluorosis, we found in the fluorotic sheep: (i) an increase in plasma MDA levels and GSH-Px-1 activity (p<0.05), and (ii) a decrease in SOD and CAT activities (p<0.01). There were significant differences found in the genotype and allele frequencies in both groups (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Fluoride-induced oxidative stress affected the membrane structure resulting in elevated erythrocyte MDA levels and reduced enzyme activity of the enzymes SOD and CAT. According to our data, the gene polymorphisms show a tendency towards fluorosis for our local sheep population