POSSIBILITIES OF DEVELOPING A SINGLE FOOD MARKET IN THE COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL ASIA

Central Asia experienced major socio-economic shocks during the 1990s, which has increased food insecurity, malnutrition, and poverty. In response, Central Asia has adopted food self-sufficiency policies. This paper argues that regional and international trade can improve food security if implemented properly. However, a new constraint on food trade has arisen — food safety. Using food commodity data and analysis from Trade Map, this paper analyzes Central Asia’s intra-region food security policies. Evidence shows that food safety practices will affect internal food trade in Central Asia. Finally, a framework for creating a single food market is proposed.Central Asia experienced major socio-economic shocks during the 1990s, which has increased food insecurity, malnutrition, and poverty. In response, Central Asia has adopted food self-sufficiency policies. This paper argues that regional and international trade can improve food security if implemented properly. However, a new constraint on food trade has arisen — food safety. Using food commodity data and analysis from Trade Map, this paper analyzes Central Asia’s intra-region food security policies. Evidence shows that food safety practices will affect internal food trade in Central Asia. Finally, a framework for creating a single food market is proposed

Effectiveness of diabetes mellitus management program at primary health care level

Publisher Copyright: © 2019 by the authors.Annotation: Diabetes mellitus is considered not only a serious chronic disease, but also as an important medical and social problem that is becoming increasingly important. Disease management programs are needed to empower patients and help them develop the necessary skills for self-management of their condition. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the Type 2 Diabetes Management Program at the primary health care level. Methods: Study design is a prospective study, case-control. The study of the intervention group included 114 adults with type 2 diabetes participating in the Disease Management Program and the control group-60 adults with type 2 diabetes not participating in the Disease Management Program. All the investigated persons live in the service area of the municipal polyclinic No. 4 of Aktobe city (Aktobe region, Western region of Kazakhstan). A traditional care which included regular follow-ups every 3 months was provided in the control group. The selection of patients in the control group was carried out by random sampling. Both groups were randomized by age, gender, and duration of illness. The main result evaluated glycated hemoglobin levels, blood pressure, body mass index, and low density lipoprotein levels after 9 months. Results: According to the data obtained after 9 months of the study the analysis showed a decrease in the average level of glycated hemoglobin in the intervention group (7.8 ± 1.5%) compared with the control group (8.6 ± 1.8%) (p <0.05). And also in the intervention group (134.6 ± 12.5 and 83.3 ± 6.5) compared with the control group (125.7 ± 10.4 and 80.7 ± 6.2), systolic and diastolic blood pressure is shown below. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups according to body mass index and low-density lipoprotein. Findings: This Diabetes Management Program allows you to control such indicators as glycated hemoglobin and blood pressure in a positive direction. While both body mass index and low density lipoproteins remained at the same level due to the short observation time.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Structural and logical model of contemporary global economic system

The purpose of the article is to build a structural and logical model of contemporary global economic system, forecast its development in future, and development of recommendations for maximization of advantages and minimization of negative aspects of such development. The authors focus on the problem of deepening contradictions of interests of various members of the global economic system with development of integration processes and on the problem of increase of the global economic problems with economic development of the global economic system. Methodology of conduct of the research in this work includes problem, systemic, and structural & functional analysis for determination of specifics of functioning of contemporary modern economy, as well as SWOT-analysis for determination of perspectives of its development. The authors analyze evolution and view specifics of modern stage of development of the global economic system, perform modeling of current state and tendencies of development of global economic system, and determine perspectives and compile recommendations for development of contemporary global economic system.peer-reviewe

Stimulating of entrepreneurs’ innovative activity in the Republic of Bashkortostan

The article views some aspects of promoting innovative activity in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The measures stimulating innovative activity have been grouped into blocks.1. Creating favorable conditions for innovative activity. 2. Increasing the population’s innovative activity. 3. Development of the system of scientific and production cooperation and innovation commercialization. 4. Investment support of innovative projects. 5. Development of innovative infrastructure. 6. Development of innovative small businesses. 7. Information provision of innovative activity. The main directions of implementing the above-mentioned conditions are: - lawmaking activity in the Republic, taking into consideration the federal legislation, international standards and traditions; - financial and tax inducement of scientific-technical and innovative activity; - international technological integration; - private-state partnership in the sphere of innovative activity. Recommendations are suggested, relating to the innovative policy activation for more efficient fulfillment of the key functions of the Republic’s scientific and research sector. The authors conclude that the Republic has all necessary preconditions for small entrepreneurship functioning: the natural conditions favorable for many kinds of economic activity, the forming local market infrastructure for small business servicing, and the availability of large enterprises and centers of economic activity.Keywords: entrepreneur, entrepreneurship, innovation, innovative activity, region, infrastructure, investments, stimulation, monitoring

Biocatalytic protein membranes fabricated by electrospinning

In this study, a protein-based catalytic membrane was produced by electrospinning. Membrane activity was characterised in terms of response current for various glucose concentrations. We focused on the preparation of a scaffold by converting a globular protein to other structural forms using catastrophic solvents. A scaffolding protein, bovine serum albumin, and an enzyme, glucose oxidase (GOD), were selected as a model natural carrier matrix and a biologically active agent, respectively. Beta-mercaptoethanol (β-ME) was used to convert the globular protein to an amyloid-like form. A structural stabilising agent, 2,2,2-triflouroethanol (TFE), was used to maintain the final α-helical structure of the amyloid-like protein. The TFE:PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) ratio and various electrospinning parameters were analysed to minimise activity loss. Using this approach, we applied electrospinning to an active enzyme to obtain biocatalytic nanofibrous membranes. After optimising the protein electrospinning process, the activities of the protein nanofibrous membranes were monitored. GOD remained active in the new membrane structure. The highest enzyme activity was observed for the membranes prepared with a 1.5:1 (v:v) TFE:PBS solvent ratio. In that particular case, the immobilized enzyme created a current of 0.7 μA and the apparent activity was 2547 ± 132 U/m2. © 2016, Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

The effect of pharmacological correction with vitamin D on the cytokine response in children with atopic bronchial asthma

Aim. To study the state of the cytokine response in children with atopic bronchial asthma during pharmacological correction with vitamin D. Methods. 63 children aged 3-17 years with atopic bronchial asthma of varying severity were examined. As a control group, 10 practically healthy children of the same age who had no history of allergic manifestations and no hereditary complications, were examined. The patients were divided into two groups matched by age: group 1 included 33 patients with mild (n=20) and moderate (n=13) bronchial asthma who received only basic anti-inflammatory therapy according to the severity of asthma; group 2 included 30 children with mild (n=18) and moderate (n=12) bronchial asthma who received basic anti-inflammatory therapy with vitamin D containing Tridrop [3 drops (1500 IU) per day for 1 month]. Patients were assessed for interleukin-2, -13 and -17 in the blood serum using a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after treatment. Results. The results obtained made it possible to clarify the changes in the cytokine spectrum in patients with atopic bronchial asthma in the course of the disease and the effect of pharmacological correction with vitamin D on it. The mean level of interleukin-2 in group 1 remained practically unchanged, the value of this cytokine was 2.77±1.51 pg/ml (p >0.05). In group 2, the mean interleukin-2 level increased to 5.07±1.02 pg/ml (p 0.05). Conclusion. Pharmacological correction with vitamin D on the background of basic anti-inflammatory therapy promotes the positive dynamics of the level of cytokines during the treatment of atopic bronchial asthma, which is related to the ability of vitamin D to regulate the function of Th2 and, as a result, to reduce the synthesis of interleukin-13 and -17, which participate in the pathogenesis of allergies and play an important protective role in bronchial asthma

Infrastructural development of agricultural products in the republic of Kazakhstan

This article explores the dependence of the agro-industrial products of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the development level of rural production, social and transport infrastructure. The paper presents main trend of the indices of the agribusiness infrastructural development in the Republic of Kazakhstan according to the time series based on the statistical data of Kazakhstan. The study revealed that the level of endowment in social and industrial infrastructure of agriculture in Kazakhstan remains extremely unstable. This circumstance can consequently form a tendency for a decline and even degradation of the Kazakh villages. As a result, it can lead to a violation and decline of the reproductive processes in the agribusiness, which, in turn, will negatively affect the endowment in products from agricultural raw materials. Hence, the formation and development of the agribusiness infrastructure is seen as an indispensable condition for the effective interaction of the actors of the main and auxiliary production, contributing to the development of general prerequisites for the growth and development of agricultural products. The results of the research can be used by the state in investing social, transport and production development of the village to ensure food security. Agricultural development of rural areas in Kazakhstan based on improving the infrastructure will increase the welfare of rural workers, solve the problem of quality food for the population of the country, and take an active part in the global task of eradicating hunger on the planet. © 2019 Stukach V. F., Saparova G. K., Sultanova G. T., Saginova S. A. Text

Конденсация вторичных аминов с СН-кислотами и формальдегидом под действием микроволнового излучения

Objectives. To synthesize tertiary amines containing gem-dichlorocyclopropane or 1,3-dioxolane fragmentusing the Mannich reaction, as well as obtain ethyl ester of β-aminopropionic acidbydecarboxylation of tert-amine, a derivative of diethylmalonate containing a gem- dichlorocyclopropane fragment.Methods. In order to obtain tertiary amines by the Mannich reaction, the microwave activation method was used. To determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of the reaction masses, gas chromatography, electron ionization mass spectrometry, and 1H-, 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry methodswere used.Results. Under microwave radiationconditions, tertiary amines containing gem- dichlorocyclopropane or 1,3-dioxolane fragment were synthesized by condensation of secondary amines, CH-acids, and paraformaldehyde.Conclusions. Tertiary amines containing a gem-dichlorocyclopropane or cycloacetal fragment in their structure were obtainedin high yields under microwave radiation.Цели. Синтезировать по реакции Манниха третичные амины, содержащие гем-дихлорциклопропановый или 1,3-диоксолановый фрагмент, а также получить этиловый эфир β-аминопропионовой кислоты декарбоксилированием трет-амина – производного диэтилмалоната, содержащего гем-дихлорциклопропановый фрагмент.Методы. Для получения третичных аминов по реакции Манниха был использован метод микроволной активации. Для определения качественного и количественного состава реакционных масс были использованы следующие методы анализа: газовая хроматография, масс-спектроскопия с электронной ионизацией, и 1H-, 13C-спектроскопия ядерного магнитного резонанса.Результаты. Третичные амины, содержащие гем-дихлорциклопропановый или 1,3-диоксолановый фрагмент, синтезированы конденсацией вторичных аминов, СН-кислот и параформальдегида в условиях микроволнового излучения.Выводы. С высокими выходами в условиях микроволнового излучения получены третичные амины, содержащие в своем строении гем-дихлорциклопропановый или циклоацетальный фрагмент