"Propuesta para el ordenamiento territorial en el distrito de Pesé, provincia de Herrera"

El Ordenamiento Territorial se constituye en el proceso de organización del uso del suelo y la ocupación del territorio en función de sus características biofísicas, socioeconómicas, culturales, ambientales y político-institucionales con la finalidad de promover el desarrollo sostenible. El ordenamiento territorial es definido "como el proceso de planificación, programación global y coordinado de un conjunto de medidas que buscan una mejor distribución espacial de los seres humanos, actividades productivas y recreativas, tomando en cuenta los recursos naturales disponible (potencialidades - restricciones) y teniendo que contribuir al desarrollo armonioso de cada territorio"('). El ordenamiento territorial busca hacer coincidir los intereses propios de un territorio dado a los de un conjunto espacial más extenso en el cual se inserta la finca, la comunidad, el municipio, la región, la provincia y hasta el país entero. Por lo tanto, busca también remediar los excesos, desequilibrios y disparidades provocadas por acciones antrópicas demasiado libres, muy espontáneas y casi exclusivamente concentradas en la variable de rentabilidad económica. 1. Escuela de Planificación Orgánica Evolutiva (EPOE). Guatemala, La Ceiba, 2008. En este contexto nuestra propuesta de ordenamiento territorial se inspira en una planificación participativa concertada, para promover el desarrollo sostenible a nivel regional con enfoque de programas sectoriales en el distrito de Pesé. De esta manera, nuestro trabajo se divide en cuatro capítulos. El primer capítulo establece, de manera general, características geográficas y biofísicas del distrito de Pesé; en el segundo capítulo, se establecen las características del subsistema socioeconómico; por su parte, en el tercer capítulo se habla sobre la gestión local municipal en sus aspectos financieros, administrativos y sus niveles de conflicto; en el cuarto capítulo presentarnos nuestra propuesta de ordenamiento territorial sobre el uso propuesto de la tierra para el distrito de Pesé, a través de una zonificación, a fin de establecer las bases para el desarrollo integral en el distrito, equilibrando los componentes de atención social, preservación del medio ambiente y servicios de apoyo a la producción agroindustrial con relación a las características sociales en las que vive la población de esta región del país. Suponemos entonces, que los actores locales, privados y públicos identificaran mayormente las mejores opciones de desarrollo y conservación de sus territorios. Nuestra propuesta se orienta también al fortalecimiento de esas instituciones locales y regionales para la gestión medio-ambiente y financiera del distrito, así como sus planes, programas y proyectos a corto y mediano plazo. Nuestra propuesta se presenta sobre la base del ordenamiento territorial que representaría un marco de referencia destinado a permitir el examen de las grandes decisiones de los sectores públicos y privados en el distrito, en cuanto a ubicación geográfica de inversiones relevantes, y a la vez que se constituye en una guía para las políticas de desarrollo de todas las entidades del aparato estatal, y como instrumento de orientación de actividades del sector privado a futuro. Por último, el modelo territorial propuesto se concibe como un componente dinámico y espacial para hacerle frente a responsabilidades precisas relacionadas con el crecimiento económico y social del distrito

Effects of MDMA on blood glucose levels and brain glucose metabolism

Purpose This study was designed to assess changes in glucose metabolism in rats administered single or repeated doses of MDMA. Methods Two different experiments were performed: (1) A single-dose study with four groups receiving 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, saline or heat, and (2) a repeated-dose study with two groups receiving three doses, at intervals of 2 h, of 5 mg/kg or saline. Rats were imaged using a dedicated small-animal PET scanner 1 h after single-dose administration or 7 days after repeated doses. Glucose metabolism was measured in 12 cerebral regions of interest. Rectal temperature and blood glucose were monitored. Results Peak body temperature was reached 1 h after MDMA administration. Blood glucose levels decreased significantly after MDMA administration. In the single-dose experiment, brain glucose metabolism showed hyperactivation in cerebellum and hypo-activation in the hippocampus, amygdala and auditory cortex. In the repeated-dose experiment, brain glucose metabolism did not show any significant change at day 7. Conclusion These results are the first to indicate that MDMA has the potential to produce significant hypoglycaemia. In addition, they show that MDMA alters glucose metabolism in components of the motor, limbic and somatosensory systems acutely but not on a long-term basisPublicad

Capacidad reductora de 15 frutas tropicales

Los antioxidantes son compuestos usados en la industria de alimentos por su capacidad conservadora y se considera que previenen enfermedades. En ésta investigación se estudia la capacidad antioxidante de extractos acuosos por Voltametría Cíclica y el efecto reductor de extractos etanólicos por FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) de 15 frutas tropicales. Los mejores resultados tanto de capacidad antioxidante como reductora son los de la curuba larga (Passiflora mollisima (HBK) Bailey) con una altura de pico máxima de 38,6 décimas de μA a un potencial de 316,6 mV y 4127,346 ± 108,62 mg Ácido Ascórbico/ 100gr de muestra, respectivamente

Genomic epidemiology of NDM-1-encoding plasmids in latin American clinical isolates reveals insights into the evolution of multidrug resistance

Bacteria that produce the broad-spectrum Carbapenem antibiotic NewDelhi Metallo-b-lactamase (NDM) place a burden on health care systems worldwide, due to the limited treatment options for infections caused by them and the rapid global spread of this antibiotic resistancemechanism.Although it is believed that theassociated resistancegenebla NDM-1 originated inAcinetobacter spp., the role of Enterobacteriaceae in its dissemination remains unclear. In this study, we usedwhole genome sequencing to investigate the dissemination dynamics of blaNDM-1-positive plasmids in a set of 21 clinical NDM-1-positive isolates from Colombia and Mexico (Providencia rettgeri, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii) aswell as six representative NDM-1-positive Escherichia coli transconjugants. Additionally, the plasmids from three representative P. rettgeri isolates were sequenced by PacBio sequencing and finished. Our results demonstrate the presence of previously reported plasmids from K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii in different genetic backgrounds and geographically distant locations in Colombia. Three new previously unclassified plasmids were also identified in P. rettgeri from Colombia and Mexico, plus an interesting genetic link between NDM-1-positive P. rettgeri from distant geographic locations (Canada, Mexico, Colombia, and Israel) without any reported epidemiological links was discovered. Finally, we detected a relationship between plasmids present in P. rettgeri and plasmids from A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae. Overall, our findings suggest a Russian dollmodel for the dissemination of blaNDM-1 in LatinAmerica,with P. rettgeri playing a central role in this process, andrevealnewinsights into the evolution and disseminationof plasmids carrying such antibiotic resistance genes

Priorities and interactions of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with focus on wetlands

Wetlands are often vital physical and social components of a country's natural capital, as well as providers of ecosystem services to local and national communities. We performed a network analysis to prioritize Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets for sustainable development in iconic wetlands and wetlandscapes around the world. The analysis was based on the information and perceptions on 45 wetlandscapes worldwide by 49 wetland researchers of the GlobalWetland Ecohydrological Network (GWEN). We identified three 2030 Agenda targets of high priority across the wetlandscapes needed to achieve sustainable development: Target 6.3-'Improve water quality'; 2.4-'Sustainable food production'; and 12.2-'Sustainable management of resources'. Moreover, we found specific feedback mechanisms and synergies between SDG targets in the context of wetlands. The most consistent reinforcing interactions were the influence of Target 12.2 on 8.4-'Efficient resource consumption'; and that of Target 6.3 on 12.2. The wetlandscapes could be differentiated in four bundles of distinctive priority SDG-targets: 'Basic human needs', 'Sustainable tourism', 'Environmental impact in urban wetlands', and 'Improving and conserving environment'. In general, we find that the SDG groups, targets, and interactions stress that maintaining good water quality and a 'wise use' of wetlandscapes are vital to attaining sustainable development within these sensitive ecosystems. © 2019 by the authors

Gene Expression Changes in GABAA Receptors and Cognition Following Chronic Ketamine Administration in Mice

Ketamine is a well-known anesthetic agent and a drug of abuse. Despite its widespread use and abuse, little is known about its long-term effects on the central nervous system. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of long-term (1- and 3-month) ketamine administration on learning and memory and associated gene expression levels in the brain. The Morris water maze was used to assess spatial memory and gene expression changes were assayed using Affymetrix Genechips; a focus on the expression of GABAA receptors that mediate a tonic inhibition in the brain, was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. Compared with saline controls, there was a decline in learning and memory performance in the ketamine-treated mice. Genechip results showed that 110 genes were up-regulated and 136 genes were down-regulated. An ontology analysis revealed the most significant effects of ketamine were on GABAA receptors. In particular, there was a significant up-regulation of both mRNA and protein levels of the alpha 5 subunit (Gabra5) of the GABAA receptors in the prefrontal cortex. In conclusion, chronic exposure to ketamine impairs working memory in mice, which may be explained at least partly by up-regulation of Gabra5 subunits in the prefrontal cortex

Equilibrium conditions for semi-clathrate hydrates formed with CO2, N2 or CH4 in the presence of tri-n-butylphosphine oxide

We measured the thermodynamic stability conditions for the N, CO, or CH semiclathrate hydrate formed from the aqueous solution of tri-n-butylphosphine oxide (TBPO) at 26 wt %, corresponding to the stoichiometric composition for TBPO·34.5HO. The measurements were performed in the temperature range 283.71-300.34 K and pressure range 0.35-19.43 MPa with the use of an isochoric equilibrium step-heating pressure-search method. The results showed that the presence of TBPO made these semiclathrate hydrates much more stable than the corresponding pure N , CO, and CH hydrates. At a given temperature, the semiclathrate hydrate of 26 wt % TBPO solution + CH was more stable than that of 26 wt % TBPO solution + CO, which in turn was more stable than that of 26 wt % TBPO solution + N. We analyzed the phase equilibrium data using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation and found that, in the pressure range 0-20 MPa, the mean dissociation enthalpies for the semiclathrate hydrate systems of 26 wt % TBPO solution + N, 26 wt % TBPO solution + CO, and 26 wt % TBPO solution + CH were 177.75, 206.23, and 159.00 kJ·mol, respectively

Publisher Correction: Hydro-climatic changes of wetlandscapes across the world

Assessments of ecosystem service and function losses of wetlandscapes (i.e., wetlands and their hydrological catchments) suffer from knowledge gaps regarding impacts of ongoing hydro-climatic change. This study investigates hydro-climatic changes during 1976–2015 in 25 wetlandscapes distributed across the world’s tropical, arid, temperate and cold climate zones. Results show that the wetlandscapes were subject to precipitation (P) and temperature (T) changes consistent with mean changes over the world’s land area. However, arid and cold wetlandscapes experienced higher T increases than their respective climate zone. Also, average P decreased in arid and cold wetlandscapes, contrarily to P of arid and cold climate zones, suggesting that these wetlandscapes are located in regions of elevated climate pressures. For most wetlandscapes with available runoff (R) data, the decreases were larger in R than in P, which was attributed to aggravation of climate change impacts by enhanced evapotranspiration losses, e.g. caused by land-use changes