Geographic range predicts photosynthetic and growth response to warming in co-occurring tree species

www.nature.comPopulations near the warm edge of species ranges may be particularly sensitive to climate change, but lack of empirical data on responses to warming represents a key gap in understanding future range dynamics. Herein we document the impacts of experimental warming on the performance of 11 boreal and temperate forest species that co-occur at the ecotone between these biomes in North America. We measured in situ net photosynthetic carbon gain and growth of >4,100 juvenile trees from local seed sources exposed to a chamberless warming experiment that used infrared heat lamps and soil heating cables to elevate temperatures by +3.4 °C above- and belowground for three growing seasons across 48 plots at two sites. In these ecologically realistic field settings, species growing nearest their warm range limit exhibited reductions in net photosynthesis and growth, whereas species near their cold range limit responded positively to warming. Differences among species in their three-year growth responses to warming parallel their photosynthetic responses to warming, suggesting that leaf-level responses may scale to whole-plant performance. These responses are consistent with the hypothesis, from observational data and models, that warming will reduce the competitive ability of currently dominant southern boreal species compared with locally rarer co-occurring species that dominate warmer neighbouring regions. © 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved

Pilot-scale fluidized-coal feeder utilizing zone fluidization /

Bibliography: p. 19-20.Mode of access: Internet

Operating a pressure-gasification pilot plant using pulverized coal and oxygen : effect of heat loss on economy /

Includes bibliographic references.Mode of access: Internet

Pair-wise multicomparison and OPLS analyses of cold-acclimation phases in Siberian spruce

Analysis of metabolomics data often goes beyond the task of discovering biomarkers and can be aimed at recovering other important characteristics of observed metabolomic changes. In this paper we explore different methods to detect the presence of distinctive phases in seasonal-responsive changes of metabolomic patterns of Siberian spruce (Picea obovata) during cold acclimation occurred in the period from mid-August to January. Multivariate analysis, specifically orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLSDA), identified time points where the metabolomic patterns underwent substantial modifications as a whole, revealing four distinctive phases during acclimation. This conclusion was re-examined by a univariate analysis consisting of multiple pair-wise comparisons to identify homogeneity intervals for each metabolite. These tests complemented OPLS-DA, clarifying biological interpretation of the classification: about 60% of metabolites found responsive to the cold stress indeed changed at one or more of the time points predicted by OPLS-DA. However, the univariate approach did not support the proposed division of the acclimation period into four phases: less than 10% of metabolites altered during the acclimation had homogeneous levels predicted by OPLS-DA. This demonstrates that coupling the classification found by OPLS-DA and the analysis of dynamics of individual metabolites obtained by pair-wise multicomparisons reveals a more correct characterization of biochemical processes in freezing tolerant trees and leads to interpretations that cannot be deduced by either method alone. The combined analysis can be used in other ‘omics’-studies, where response factors have a causal dependence (like the time in the present work) and pairwise multicomparisons are not conservative.Published online 11 april 2011. Copywright, The Author(s) 2011. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.co

Progress report on operation of pressure-gasification pilot plant utilizing pulverized coal and oxygen /

"May 1953."Mode of access: Internet

Impacts of warming and changes in precipitation frequency on theregeneration of two Acer species

Climate projections indicate that temperatures will increase by up to 4.5 °C in Europe by the end of this century, and that more extreme rainfall events and longer intervening dry periods will take place. Climate change will likely affect all phases of the life cycle of plants, but plant reproduction has been suggested to be especially sensitive. Here, using a combination of approaches (soil heaters and different provenances along a latitudinal gradient), we analyzed the regeneration from seeds of Acer platanoides and A. pseudoplatanus, two tree species considered, from a management point of view, of secondary relevance. We studied germination, seedling survival and growth in a full-factorial experiment including warming and changes in watering frequency. Both species responded to warming, watering frequency and seed provenance, with stronger (negative) effects of warming and provenance than of watering frequency. In general, the central provenances performed better than the northernmost and southernmost provenances. We also detected interactive effects between warming, watering frequency and/or seed provenance. Based on these results, both species are expected to show dissimilar responses to the changes in the studied climatic factors, but also the impacts of climate change on the different phases of plant regeneration may differ in direction and magnitude. In general increases in the precipitation, frequency will stimulate germination while warming will reduce survival and growth. Moreover, the frequent divergent responses of seedlings along the latitudinal gradient suggest that climate change will likely have heterogeneous impacts across Europe, with stronger impacts in the northern and southern parts of the species’ distribution ranges.Fil: Carón, María Mercedes. University of Ghent; Bélgica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta; ArgentinaFil: de Frenne, P.. University of Ghent; BélgicaFil: Chabrerie, O.. Jules Verne University of Picardie. UR Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés; FranciaFil: Cousins, S. O. A.. Stockholms Universitet; SueciaFil: De Backer, L.. Sylva nurseries BVBA; BélgicaFil: Decocq, G.. Jules Verne University of Picardie. UR Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés; FranciaFil: Diekmann, M.. Universitat Bremen; AlemaniaFil: Heinken, T.. University of Potsdam. Institute of Biochemistry and Biology. Biodiversity and Systematic Botany; AlemaniaFil: Kolb, A.. Universitat Bremen; AlemaniaFil: Naaf, T.. Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research. Institute of Land Use Systems; AlemaniaFil: Plue, J.. Stockholms Universitet; SueciaFil: Selvi, F.. Universita Degli Studi Di Firenze; ItaliaFil: Strimbeck, G. R.. Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Department of Biology; ItaliaFil: Wulf, M.. Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research. Institute of Land Use Systems; AlemaniaFil: Verheyen, K.. University of Ghent; Bélgic