Studying the Warm Hot Intergalactic Medium in emission: a reprise

The Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM) is believed to host a significant fraction of the ``missing baryons'' in the nearby Universe. Its signature has been detected in the X-ray absorption spectra of distant quasars. However, its detection in emission, that would allow us to study the WHIM in a systematic way, is still lacking. Motivated by the possibility to perform these studies with next generation integral field spectrometers, and thanks to the availability of a large suite of state-of-the-art hydrodynamic simulations -- the CAMELS suite -- we study here in detail the emission properties of the WHIM and the possibility to infer its physical properties with upcoming X-ray missions like Athena. We focused on the two most prominent WHIM emission lines, the OVII triplet and the OVIII singlet, and build line surface brightness maps in a lightcone, mimicking a data cube generated through integral field spectroscopy. We confirm that detectable WHIM emission, even with next generation instruments, is largely associated to galaxy-size dark matter halos and that the WHIM properties evolve little from $z\simeq0.5$ to now. Some characteristics of the WHIM, like the line number counts as a function of their brightness, depend on the specific hydrodynamic simulation used, while others, like the WHIM clustering properties, are robust to this aspect. The large number of simulations available in the CAMELS datasets allows us to assess the sensitivity of the WHIM properties to the background cosmology and to the energy feedback mechanisms regulated by AGN and stellar activity. [ABRIDGED]Comment: 23 pages, 17 figures, 3 table

Neutrino clustering in the Milky Way and beyond

The standard cosmological model predicts the existence of a Cosmic Neutrino Background, which has not yet been observed directly. Some experiments aiming at its detection are currently under development, despite the tiny kinetic energy of the cosmological relic neutrinos, which makes this task incredibly challenging. Since massive neutrinos are attracted by the gravitational potential of our Galaxy, they can cluster locally. Neutrinos should be more abundant at the Earth position than at an average point in the Universe. This fact may enhance the expected event rate in any future experiment. Past calculations of the local neutrino clustering factor only considered a spherical distribution of matter in the Milky Way and neglected the influence of other nearby objects like the Virgo cluster, although recent N-body simulations suggest that the latter may actually be important. In this paper, we adopt a back-tracking technique, well established in the calculation of cosmic rays fluxes, to perform the first three-dimensional calculation of the number density of relic neutrinos at the Solar System, taking into account not only the matter composition of the Milky Way, but also the contribution of the Andromeda galaxy and the Virgo cluster. The effect of Virgo is indeed found to be relevant and to depend non-trivially on the value of the neutrino mass. Our results show that the local neutrino density is enhanced by 0.53% for a neutrino mass of 10 meV, 12% for 50 meV, 50% for 100 meV or 500% for 300 meV

Evidence-Based role of nutrients and antioxidants for chronic pain management in musculoskeletal frailty and sarcopenia in aging

Musculoskeletal disorders in aging and pain are closely connected because of multiple mechanisms leading to loss of mobility and autonomy. Pain is predictive of diability and worsening frailty and the strength of this relationship increases with the severity of pain. This study presents a systematic review of randomized controlled trials, cross sectional studies, and observational studies based on treatment of pain in adults with musculoskeletal disorders using nutritional non-pharmacological (nutrients and antioxidants) interventions. The review found the efficiency of the following topics: (a) accession of the patient to a dietary counselling (e.g., daily recommended amount of protein-equivalent to at least of 1 g of protein per kilogram of body weight); (b) intake of glutamic acid-rich such as soy, egg, and cod and tryptophan-rich foods such as milk and peanuts-or taking quick-acting, free-form supplements; (c) supplementation of vitamin D and magnesium, if lacking; (d) weekly consumption of fish or supplements of omega-3 fatty acids; and (e) availability of botanicals, in particular curcumin and gingerol. These non-pharmacological interventions can help the pain therapist to create a personalized medicine (precision medicine), acting with the maximum efficacy and safety, and also reducing the dosage of analgesic drugs needed

Euclid: Modelling massive neutrinos in cosmology -- a code comparison

The measurement of the absolute neutrino mass scale from cosmological large-scale clustering data is one of the key science goals of the Euclid mission. Such a measurement relies on precise modelling of the impact of neutrinos on structure formation, which can be studied with $N$-body simulations. Here we present the results from a major code comparison effort to establish the maturity and reliability of numerical methods for treating massive neutrinos. The comparison includes eleven full $N$-body implementations (not all of them independent), two $N$-body schemes with approximate time integration, and four additional codes that directly predict or emulate the matter power spectrum. Using a common set of initial data we quantify the relative agreement on the nonlinear power spectrum of cold dark matter and baryons and, for the $N$-body codes, also the relative agreement on the bispectrum, halo mass function, and halo bias. We find that the different numerical implementations produce fully consistent results. We can therefore be confident that we can model the impact of massive neutrinos at the sub-percent level in the most common summary statistics. We also provide a code validation pipeline for future reference.Comment: 43 pages, 17 figures, 2 tables; published on behalf of the Euclid Consortium; data available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.729797

Correlation between clinical signs and laboratory tests with diagnosis, type and severity of intestinal infarction

I.F.=0,904 (ISI 2007