Problems and perspectives of formation of agricultural clusters for increasing food security of developing countries

The authors of the article develop the proprietary methodology of integral approach to formation of the projects and programs of socio-economic development, which allows differentiating the sub-system of previously viewed indicators as to the level of users’ demands. The sense of cluster approach to increasing the competitiveness of agro-industrial complex is analyzed, and the problems and perspectives for formation of agricultural clusters for the growth of food security of developing countries are determined. As a result of the research, the authors came to the conclusion that agricultural clusters are a perspective course of increasing food security of developing countries, as they improve competitiveness of domestic agricultural producers and increase food independence and food self-sufficiency of economic systems. However, implementation of internal cluster cooperation requires reconsidering the existing notions of management, related to the level of methods and control, protection of intellectual property, education, and integration. The created system of relations should allow economic agents to keep balance between self-organizing and manageable behavior, combining innovational diversity and freedom of actions with the necessary level of integration. Intercompany cooperation in this regard should be similar to cooperation of ecosystem elements.peer-reviewe

Extended Theory of Finite Fermi Systems: Application to the collective and non-collective E1 strength in 208^{208}Pb

The Extended Theory of Finite Fermi Systems is based on the conventional Landau-Migdal theory and includes the coupling to the low-lying phonons in a consistent way. The phonons give rise to a fragmentation of the single-particle strength and to a compression of the single-particle spectrum. Both effects are crucial for a quantitative understanding of nuclear structure properties. We demonstrate the effects on the electric dipole states in $^{208}$Pb (which possesses 50% more neutrons then protons) where we calculated the low-lying non-collective spectrum as well as the high-lying collective resonances. Below 8 MeV, where one expects the so called isovector pygmy resonances, we also find a strong admixture of isoscalar strength that comes from the coupling to the high-lying isoscalar electric dipole resonance, which we obtain at about 22 MeV. The transition density of this resonance is very similar to the breathing mode, which we also calculated. We shall show that the extended theory is the correct approach for self-consistent calculations, where one starts with effective Lagrangians and effective Hamiltonians, respectively, if one wishes to describe simultaneously collective and non-collective properties of the nuclear spectrum. In all cases for which experimental data exist the agreement with the present theory results is good.Comment: 21 figures corrected typos in author fiel

Provision of economic security by creating innovation network of transnational cluster initiatives

The article is devoted to the study of perspectives of creating innovational network of transnational cluster initiatives for provision of economic security of modern economic systems. The authors determine the notion of transnational cluster initiatives and allocate their peculiar features as compared to traditional clusters. The authors analyze statistical information about economic security of developed and developing countries of the world and build a model of economic security of modern economic system before and after creation of innovational network of transnational cluster initiatives. The advantage of forming transnational clusters for national economy consists in expansion of international innovational and technological cooperation and use of world practice of commercialization of technologies which covers the whole innovational cycle – from fundamental research to realization of final products in the world market, including marketing of science-intensive goods and services.peer-reviewe

Isospin Character of the Pygmy Dipole Resonance in 124Sn

The pygmy dipole resonance has been studied in the proton-magic nucleus 124Sn with the (a,a'g) coincidence method at E=136 MeV. The comparison with results of photon-scattering experiments reveals a splitting into two components with different structure: one group of states which is excited in (a,a'g) as well as in (g,g') reactions and a group of states at higher energies which is only excited in (g,g') reactions. Calculations with the self-consistent relativistic quasiparticle time-blocking approximation and the quasiparticle phonon model are in qualitative agreement with the experimental results and predict a low-lying isoscalar component dominated by neutron-skin oscillations and a higher-lying more isovector component on the tail of the giant dipole resonance

SN 2006bp: Probing the Shock Breakout of a Type II-P Supernova

HET optical spectroscopy and unfiltered ROTSE-III photometry spanning the first 11 months since explosion of the Type II-P SN 2006bp are presented. Flux limits from the days before discovery combined with the initial rapid brightening suggest the supernova was first detected just hours after shock breakout. Optical spectra obtained about 2 days after breakout exhibit narrow emission lines corresponding to HeII 4200, HeII 4686, and CIV 5805 in the rest frame, and these features persist in a second observation obtained 5 hours later; however, these emission lines are not detected the following night nor in subsequent observations. We suggest that these lines emanate from material close to the explosion site, possibly in the outer layers of the progenitor that have been ionized by the high energy photons released at shock breakout. A P-Cygni profile is observed around 4450 A in the +2 and +3 day spectra. Previous studies have attributed this feature to high velocity H-beta, but we discuss the possibility that this profile is instead due to HeII 4687. Further HET observations (14 nights in total) covering the spectral evolution across the photometric plateau up to 73 days after breakout and during the nebular phase around day +340 are presented, and expansion velocities are derived for key features. The measured decay slope for the unfiltered light curve is 0.0073 +/- 0.0004 mag/day between days +121 and +335, which is significantly slower than the decay of rate 56Co. We combine our HET measurements with published X-ray, UV, and optical data to obtain a quasi-bolometric light curve through day +60. We see a slow cooling over the first 25 days, but no sign of an early sharp peak; any such feature from the shock breakout must have lasted less than ~1 day.[ABRIDGED]Comment: ApJ accepted, 43 page

GLAUCOMA PROGRESSION. IMPACT OF RISK FACTORS ON THE DISEASE

The aim of the study is to assess the effect of systemic and local risk factors on the rate of glaucoma progression, the specificity and informative nature of ophthalmological studies for assessment of the rate of glaucoma progression.Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the medical case histories and outpatient charts of 217 patients (268 eyes) for the period from 2014 to 2017 was conducted. The patients with primary open-angle glaucoma having at least 5 Humphrey field-of-view (24-2) studies and optic coherence tomography of the optic nerve disk and retina with a guided progression analysis (GPA) function (SD-OCT) were included in the study. The patients were divided into 2 groups: with rapid progression (more than 1 dB per year, 144 eyes (103 patients)) and slow progression (less than 1 dB per year, 124 eyes (114 patients)). The data of standard ophthalmological methods of investigation (visometry, ophthalmoscopy, biomicroscopy, measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) according to Maklakov) were additionally analyzed. Demographic and clinical data were assessed: gender, age, cornea central thickness, refraction, IOP, glucocorticosteroid intake, cardiovascular diseases presence, arterial hypertension, arterial hypotension, local hypotensive therapy. Results and discussion. The analysis revealed the main risk factors in glaucoma progression, which include age, cardiovascular diseases presence, high initial IOP values, pronounced functional changes in thevisual fields (lower mean deviation), pseudoexfoliation syndrome

ПИТАННЯ КОМУНІКАТИВНИХ КОМПЕТЕНЦІЙ У ПІДГОТОВЦІ ФАХІВЦІВ ГРОМАДСЬКОГО ЗДОРОВ’Я

The aim of the work – to find out the role and the place of communication issues in the training programs of public health specialists at European and other world-class universities in order to substantiate the relevant educational regulations in Ukraine.The main body. Communication skills in public health are used in such fields as education, medical journalism, outreach in the media, the show business, interpersonal communication, communication within organizations and between them, information dissemination on risks, crises and emergencies, social communication and social marketing.Possible forms of communication are multimedia, interactive, traditional. The choice of communication form should take into account target audiences, cultural assumptions, etc., and should include interpersonal communication, the coverage of a small population base, mass-communication channels, considering television, radio, newspapers. Current forms of communication are the usage of blogs, video sharing, mobile phone service, online forums. Herewith, the communication process should be preceded by the adaptation of information about wide range of public health issues to the specifics of concrete consuming publics.Public health specialist should know and master communication technologies as it is a guarantee of effective counteraction to unhealthy behavior pattern and unwholesome products, including alcohol and tobacco.The feedback receipt is critical to successful implementation of communication in public health and it requires the ability to listen, receive and analyze information about people’s perceptions of messages for improving communication processes.The study of Bachelors’ and Masters’ Public Health Training Programs revealed that a considerable amount of time was spent on studying communication in Poland, Bulgaria, Hungary, and in the USA.Conclusions. Mastering of communicative competence is essential for the effective performance of public health specialists, as evidenced by the conceptual conditions of a number of world-class strategic documents and manifestos.As the Association of Public Health Schools of the European Region listed communicative competences on the main competences of public health, it indicates the need to ensure the communicative competence acquisition in the process of public health staff training.Formation of curricula and training programs for Bachelors and Masters in Public Health in Ukraine should be carried out taking into account the national context, international organizations recommendations and best foreign experience.Мета роботи – з’ясувати роль і місце питань комунікації в навчальних планах та програмах підготовки фахівців громадського здоров’я у вищих навчальних закладах країн Європи і світу для обґрунтування відповідних освітніх нормативних документів в Україні.Основна частина. Сфери застосування комунікаційних навичок у питаннях громадського здоров’я включають освіту, медичну журналістику, інформаційно-роз’яснювальну діяльність у засобах масової інформації, індустрію розваг, міжособистісне спілкування, комунікацію всередині організацій і між ними, поширення інформації про ризики, кризи і надзвичайні події, соціальну комунікацію і соціальний маркетинг.Можливими формами комунікації є мультимедійні, інтерактивні, традиційні. Вибір форми комунікації повинен враховувати цільові аудиторії, культурні особливості тощо і включати міжособистісне спілкування, охоплення незначної чисельності населення, масові канали, включаючи телебачення, радіо, газети. Сучасними формами комунікації є використання блогів, обмін відеоматеріалами, мобільний телефонний зв’язок, онлайнові форуми. При цьому процесу комунікації повинна передувати адаптація інформації з різнобічних питань громадського здоров’я до особливостей конкретних груп споживачів.Знання фахівцями громадського здоров’я комунікаційних технологій та володіння ними є запорукою ефективної протидії нездоровим формам поведінки і шкідливої для здоров’я продукції, зокрема алкоголю, тютюну. Вагомою умовою для успішної  реалізації комунікацій у громадському здоров’ї є отримання зворотного зв’язку, що потребує вміння слухати, отримувати й аналізувати інформацію про сприйняття людьми меседжів для удосконалення комунікаційних процесів.Дослідження планів підготовки бакалаврів та магістрів громадського здоров’я виявило, що вивченню питань комунікації відведено значний обсяг часу в Польщі, болгарії, угорщині, США.Висновки. Володіння комунікативними компетенціями має важливе значення для забезпечення ефективної діяльності фахівців громадського здоров’я, що підтверджено концептуальними положеннями низки стратегічних та програмних документів міжнародного рівня.Включення Асоціацією шкіл громадського здоров’я Європейського регіону комунікаційних компетенцій до основних компетенцій громадського здоров’я свідчить про необхідність забезпечення їх набуття в процесі навчання кадрів для громадського здоров’я.Формування навчальних планів та програм підготовки бакалаврів і магістрів громадського здоров’я в Україні доцільно здійснювати з урахуванням національного контексту, рекомендацій міжнародних організацій та кращого зарубіжного досвіду

Concentration of neurospecific enolase (nse) in the umbilical blood of newborns with asphyxia

The research was aimed at the estimation of NSE in the umbilical blood of newborns with asphyxia. 54 newborns with asphyxia born by cesarean section were examined during the period of early postnatal adaptation. The comparison group consisted of 7 healthy newborns. NSE concentration was estimated by immunoenzyme analysis. The reliability of differences between groups was estimated with the help of nonparametric U-criteria of Mann-Whitney. It has been found that after combined hypoxia (chronic fetal hypoxia due to fetoplacental insufficiency and mild asphyxia in birth) NSE concentration was significantly higher than in intranatal mild and moderate asphyxia. This fact testified to the direct influence of long-termed oxygen deficiency upon the rise of the level of this protein and, consequently, on the activation of the death of neurons and cells of neuroendocrine differentiation.Целью исследования явилась оценка содержание нейроспецифической енолазы (NSE) в пуповиной крови новорожденных при асфиксии различной степени тяжести. Проведено клинико-лабораторное обследование 54 новорожденных детей с асфиксией различной степени тяжести, извлеченных оперативным путем, в период ранней постнатальной адаптации. Группу сравнения составили 7 здоровых новорожденных. Содержание NSE в пуповинной крови определяли методом иммуноферментного анализа, достоверность различий между группами оценивали с использованием непараметрического U-критерия Манна-Уитни. Установлено, что при перенесенной сочетанной гипоксии (хронической гипоксии плода на фоне фетоплацентарной недостаточности и асфиксии средней степени тяжести при рождении) содержание NSE существенно выше, чем при интранатальной асфиксии легкой и средней степени тяжести. Это свидетельствует о непосредственном влиянии длительного дефицита кислорода на повышение уровня данного белка, тем самым, на усиление процессов гибели нейронов и клеток нейроэндокринной дифференцировки

Laser Doppler flowmetry in blood and lymph monitoring, technical aspects and analysis

The aim of this work was to study the possibilities of the laser Doppler flowmetry method for the joint study of microhaemo- and lymph circulation of human skin. Conducting a series of experimental studies allowed to trace the relationship of recorded signals of microcirculation of blood flow and lymph flow, as well as to study their oscillation nature by using wavelet analysis

The blood perfusion and NADH/FAD content combined analysis in patients with diabetes foot

Skin blood microcirculation and the metabolism activity of tissue were examined on the patients with type 2 diabetes. Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) with 1064 nm laser light source and fluorescence spectroscopy (FS) with excitation light of 365 nm and 450 nm have been used to monitor the blood perfusion and the content of coenzymes NADH and FAD. Concluding, the proposed combined LDF and tissue FS approach allows to identify the significant violations in the blood microcirculation and metabolic activity for type 2 diabetes patients