1,516 research outputs found
Poly-MTO, {(CH_3)_{0.92} Re O_3}_\infty, a Conducting Two-Dimensional Organometallic Oxide
Polymeric methyltrioxorhenium, {(CH_{3})_{0.92}ReO_{3}}_{\infty} (poly-MTO),
is the first member of a new class of organometallic hybrids which adopts the
structural pattern and physical properties of classical perovskites in two
dimensions (2D). We demonstrate how the electronic structure of poly-MTO can be
tailored by intercalation of organic donor molecules, such as
tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) or bis-(ethylendithio)-tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF),
and by the inorganic acceptor SbF. Integration of donor molecules leads to
a more insulating behavior of poly-MTO, whereas SbF insertion does not
cause any significant change in the resistivity. The resistivity data of pure
poly-MTO is remarkably well described by a two-dimensional electron system.
Below 38 K an unusual resistivity behavior, similar to that found in doped
cuprates, is observed: The resistivity initially increases approximately as
ln) before it changes into a dependence below 2 K.
As an explanation we suggest a crossover from purely two-dimensional
charge-carrier diffusion within the \{ReO\} planes at high
temperatures to three-dimensional diffusion at low temperatures in a
disorder-enhanced electron-electron interaction scenario (Altshuler-Aronov
correction). Furthermore, a linear positive magnetoresistance was found in the
insulating regime, which is caused by spatial localization of itinerant
electrons at some of the Re atoms, which formally adopt a electronic
configuration. X-ray diffraction, IR- and ESR-studies, temperature dependent
magnetization and specific heat measurements in various magnetic fields suggest
that the electronic structure of poly-MTO can safely be approximated by a
purely 2D conductor.Comment: 15 pages, 16 figures, 2 table
A Computationally Efficient Modeling Code for Sh-Waves in Austenitic Welds Using an Explicit Space-Time Green-Function
For ultrasonic inspection of austenitic welds and cladded components horizontally polarized shear (SH) waves â as generated by electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) â have certain benefits compared with quasi-vertically polarized shear and quasi-pressure waves. SH-waves suffer the least distortion of all three wave modes when propagated through anisotropic weld material and no energy is lost through mode conversion at the steel/free surface or base metal/weld interfaces. To explain experimentally observed phenomena and to predict the cases where SH-waves might be best employed, modeling of the respective wave propagation effects is useful. In this contribution, a computationally efficient modeling code is presented for SH-waves propagating in transversely isotropic media, thus particularly applicable to ideally fiber-textured austenitic weld material. An explicit space-time domain far-field representation of Greenâs dyadic function has been derived with respect to the wave type under concern, the fiber direction being included as a free parameter. The obtained relationships have been applied to the Generalized Point-Source-Synthesis method (GPSS [1,2]) to model radiation, propagation and scattering effects. The code thus improved â SH-GPSSâ is characterized by a considerable reduction of computer run-time and is therefore particularly convenient in view of a respective extension to inhomogeneous weldments. Numerical results are presented for both continuous wave and time-dependent rf-impulse modeling for austenitic weld metal specimens, covering field profiles as well as wave front snapshots for a phased array EMAT-probe
Effect of Conventional Mouthrinses on Initial Bioadhesion to Enamel and Dentin in situ
Aim: The study aimed to investigate the effect of a customary fluoride solution, containing sodium fluoride and amine fluoride, on initial biofilm formation on enamel and dentin in situ compared directly to chlorhexidine.
Methods: Bovine enamel and dentin specimens were mounted on maxillary splints carried by 9 subjects. After 1 min of pellicle formation, rinses with tap water (control), chlorhexidine (meridol med CHX 0.2%, GABA) and a fluoride mouthrinse (elmex, GABA) were performed for 1 min. Subsequently, the slabs were carried for another 8 h. The adherent bacteria were determined by DAPI staining, live-dead staining and determination of colony-forming units after desorption; glucan formation was visualized with concanavalin A. Additionally, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis of the in situ biofilm layers was conducted, and contact angle measurements were performed. Statistical evaluation was performed by means of the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.05).
Results: In the control group, significantly higher amounts of adherent bacteria were detected on dentin (4.8 x 10ⶠ± 5.4 x 10ⶠbacteria/cmÂČ) than on enamel (1.2 x 10ⶠ± 1.5 x 10ⶠbacteria/cmÂČ , DAPI). Chlorhexidine significantly reduced the amount of adherent bacteria (dentin: 2.8 x 10┠± 3.4 x 10â” bacteria/cmÂČ ; enamel: 4.2 x 10┠± 8.7 x 10â” bacteria/cmÂČ). Rinses with the fluoride solution also significantly reduced bacterial adherence to dentin (8.1 x 10┠± 1.5 x 10ⶠbacteria/cmÂČ). Fluoride could not be detected by EDX analysis of the biofilms. Fluoride mouthrinsing did not influence the wettability of the pellicle-covered enamel surface.
Conclusion: In addition to the reduction of demineralization and antibacterial effects, fluorides inhibit initial biofilm formation on dental hard tissues considerably, especially on dentin
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Tailoring three-dimensional architectures by rolled-up nanotechnology for mimicking microvasculatures
Artificial microvasculature, particularly as part of the bloodâbrain barrier, has a high benefit for pharmacological drug discovery and uptake regulation. We demonstrate the fabrication of tubular structures with patterns of holes, which are capable of mimicking microvasculatures. By using photolithography, the dimensions of the cylindrical scaffolds can be precisely tuned as well as the alignment and size of holes. Overlapping holes can be tailored to create diverse three-dimensional configurations, for example, periodic nanoscaled apertures. The porous tubes, which can be made from diverse materials for differential functionalization, are biocompatible and can be modified to be biodegradable in the culture medium. As a proof of concept, endothelial cells (ECs) as well as astrocytes were cultured on these scaffolds. They form monolayers along the scaffolds, are guided by the array of holes and express tight junctions. Nanoscaled filaments of cells on these scaffolds were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This work provides the basic concept mainly for an in vitro model of microvasculature which could also be possibly implanted in vivo due to its biodegradability
Durable remission after treatment with very low doses of imatinib for FIP1L1-PDGFRα-positive chronic eosinophilic leukaemia
Current cosmological constraints from a 10 parameter CMB analysis
We compute the constraints on a ``standard'' 10 parameter cold dark matter
(CDM) model from the most recent CMB and data and other observations, exploring
30 million discrete models and two continuous parameters. Our parameters are
the densities of CDM, baryons, neutrinos, vacuum energy and curvature, the
reionization optical depth, and the normalization and tilt for both scalar and
tensor fluctuations.
Our strongest constraints are on spatial curvature, -0.24 < Omega_k < 0.38,
and CDM density, h^2 Omega_cdm <0.3, both at 95%. Including SN 1a constraints
gives a positive cosmological constant at high significance.
We explore the robustness of our results to various assumptions. We find that
three different data subsets give qualitatively consistent constraints. Some of
the technical issues that have the largest impact are the inclusion of
calibration errors, closed models, gravity waves, reionization, nucleosynthesis
constraints and 10-dimensional likelihood interpolation.Comment: Replaced to match published ApJ version. More details added. 13 ApJ
pages. CMB movies and color figs at
http://www.hep.upenn.edu/~max/10par_frames.html or from [email protected]
Conservação da umidade do solo em pomar de pessegueiro utilizando cobertura morta de aveia preta.
bitstream/CPACT/11047/1/COMUNICADO_136.pd
Whole-exome and HLA sequencing in Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome
Febrile infectionârelated epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is a devastating epilepsy characterized by newâonset refractory status epilepticus with a prior febrile infection. We performed exome sequencing in 50 individuals with FIRES, including 27 patientâparent trios and 23 single probands, none of whom had pathogenic variants in established genes for epilepsies or neurodevelopmental disorders. We also performed HLA sequencing in 29 individuals with FIRES and 529 controls, which failed to identify prominent HLA alleles. The genetic architecture of FIRES is substantially different from other developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, and the underlying etiology remains elusive, requiring novel approaches to identify the underlying causative factors
Extractability and Intracellular Localisation of Urea Cycle Enzym es from Rat Liver
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