85 research outputs found

    The gamma-ray telescope Gamma-1

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    French and Soviet specialists have designed and built the gamma-ray telescope GAMMA-1 to detect cosmic gamma rays above 50 MeV. The sensitive area of the detector is 1400 sq cm, energy resolution is 30% at 300 MeV, and angular resolution 1.2 deg at 300 MeV (and less than 20' arc when a coded aperture mask is used). Results on calibration of the qualification model and Monte-Carlo calculations are presented

    Role of the 12-lipoxygenase pathway in diabetes pathogenesis and complications

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    12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) is one of several enzyme isoforms responsible for the metabolism of arachidonic acid and other poly-unsaturated fatty acids to both pro- and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators. Mounting evidence has shown that 12-LOX plays a critical role in the modulation of inflammation at multiple checkpoints during diabetes development. Due to this, interventions to limit pro-inflammatory 12-LOX metabolites either by isoform-specific 12-LOX inhibition, or by providing specific fatty acid substrates via dietary intervention, has the potential to significantly and positively impact health outcomes of patients living with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. To date, the development of truly specific and efficacious inhibitors has been hampered by homology of LOX family members; however, improvements in high throughput screening have improved the inhibitor landscape. Here, we describe the function and role of human 12-LOX, and mouse 12-LOX and 12/15-LOX, in the development of diabetes and diabetes-related complications, and describe promise in the development of strategies to limit pro-inflammatory metabolites, primarily via new small molecule 12-LOX inhibitors

    Расчет пульсаций продуктов химического превращения при газоимпульсной регенерации фильтров скважин

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    The paper considers a mathematical model of pulsation of gas explosion products in the operational chamber during gas-impulse regeneration of water well filters. Second-order differential equation with constant coefficients has been derived. A special calculation program has been developed to solve the equation. The paper proposes analytical method for determination of maximum hydraulic flow rate. In order to increase efficiency of regeneration improved technological treatment schemes are given in the paper.Рассмотрена математическая модель процесса пульсаций продуктов газового взрыва в рабочей камере при газоимпульсной регенерации фильтров водозаборных скважин. Получено дифференциальное уравнение второго порядка с постоянными коэффициентами, для решения которого составлена программа расчета. Предложены аналитический метод определения максимальной скорости гидропотока, а также усовершенствованные технологические схемы обработки для повышения эффективности регенерации

    ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ВТОРИЧНЫХ ГОРЮЧИХ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА КОММУНАЛЬНО-БЫТОВОГО ТОПЛИВА

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    The paper shows an advantage to utilize secondary power resources (lignin, wastes of fine coal with its dressing, sawdust) in mixture with local types of fuel (peat) in order to fulfill power supply purpose, namely: obtaining hot water in boilers of small capacity and obtaining household fuel.Показано преимущество использования вторичных энергоресурсов (лигнин, отходы мелких углей при их обогащении, опилки) в смеси с местными видами топлива (торф) в энергетических целях, в частности при получении горячей воды в котлах малой производительности и при получении бытового топлива.

    Prostaglandin profiling reveals a role for haematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase in adipose tissue macrophage polarisation in mice and humans.

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    BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity has been associated with both changes in adipose tissue lipid metabolism and inflammation. A key class of lipid-derived signalling molecules involved in inflammation are the prostaglandins. In this study, we aimed to determine how obesity affects the levels of prostaglandins within white adipose tissue (WAT) and determine which cells within adipose tissue produce them. To avoid the effects of cellular stress on prostaglandin levels, we developed a multivariate statistical approach in which metabolite concentrations and transcriptomic data were integrated, allowing the assignment of metabolites to cell types. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Eicosanoids were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and mRNA levels using real-time PCR. Eicosanoid levels and transcriptomic data were combined using principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering in order to associate metabolites with cell types. Samples were obtained from C57Bl/6 mice aged 16 weeks. We studied the ob/ob genetically obese mouse model and diet-induced obesity model. We extended our results in mice to a cohort of morbidly obese humans undergoing bariatric surgery. RESULTS: Using our modelling approach, we determined that prostglandin D₂ (PGD₂) in adipose tissue was predominantly produced in macrophages by the haematopoietic isoform of prostaglandin D synthase (H-Pgds). Analysis of sub-fractionated WAT confirmed that H-Pgds was expressed in adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs). Furthermore, H-Pgds expression in ATMs isolated from lean and obese mice was consistent with it affecting macrophage polarisation. Functionally, we demonstrated that H-PGDS-produced PGD₂ polarised macrophages toward an M2, anti-inflammatory state. In line with a potential anti-inflammatory role, we found that H-PGDS expression in ATMs was positively correlated with both peripheral insulin and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity in humans. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we have developed a method to determine the cellular source of metabolites within an organ and used it to identify a new role for PGD₂ in the control of ATM polarisation.HQL-79 was a kind gift of Professor Yoshihiro Urade. Professor Vidal-Puig was funded by the BHF, MRC and BBSRC. Dr Virtue was funded by the BBSRC and the BHF. Dr Eiden, Dr Masoodi and Dr Griffin were funded by the MRC. Dr Mok was funded by the Wellcome Trust.This is the final published version. It first appeared at http://www.nature.com/ijo/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ijo201534a.htm

    Adhesion to carbon nanotube conductive scaffolds forces action-potential appearance in immature rat spinal neurons

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    In the last decade, carbon nanotube growth substrates have been used to investigate neurons and neuronal networks formation in vitro when guided by artificial nano-scaled cues. Besides, nanotube-based interfaces are being developed, such as prosthesis for monitoring brain activity. We recently described how carbon nanotube substrates alter the electrophysiological and synaptic responses of hippocampal neurons in culture. This observation highlighted the exceptional ability of this material in interfering with nerve tissue growth. Here we test the hypothesis that carbon nanotube scaffolds promote the development of immature neurons isolated from the neonatal rat spinal cord, and maintained in vitro. To address this issue we performed electrophysiological studies associated to gene expression analysis. Our results indicate that spinal neurons plated on electro-conductive carbon nanotubes show a facilitated development. Spinal neurons anticipate the expression of functional markers of maturation, such as the generation of voltage dependent currents or action potentials. These changes are accompanied by a selective modulation of gene expression, involving neuronal and non-neuronal components. Our microarray experiments suggest that carbon nanotube platforms trigger reparative activities involving microglia, in the absence of reactive gliosis. Hence, future tissue scaffolds blended with conductive nanotubes may be exploited to promote cell differentiation and reparative pathways in neural regeneration strategies

    Pulsation Calculation of Chemical Transformation Products during Gas-Impulse Regeneration of Hole Filters

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    The paper considers a mathematical model of pulsation of gas explosion products in the operational chamber during gas-impulse regeneration of water well filters. Second-order differential equation with constant coefficients has been derived. A special calculation program has been developed to solve the equation. The paper proposes analytical method for determination of maximum hydraulic flow rate. In order to increase efficiency of regeneration improved technological treatment schemes are given in the paper

    UTILIZATION OF SECONDARY COMBUSTIBLE POWER RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF MUNICIPAL AND HOUSEHOLD FUEL

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    The paper shows an advantage to utilize secondary power resources (lignin, wastes of fine coal with its dressing, sawdust) in mixture with local types of fuel (peat) in order to fulfill power supply purpose, namely: obtaining hot water in boilers of small capacity and obtaining household fuel
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