The liquid carbon challenge: evolving views on transportation fuels and climate

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109834/1/wene133.pd

Comparison between transfer path analysis methods on an electric vehicle

A comparison between transfer path analysis and operational path analysis methods using an electric vehicle is presented in this study. Structure-borne noise paths to the cabin from different engine and suspension points have been considered. To realise these methods, two types of test have been performed; operational tests on a rolling road and hammer tests in static conditions. The main aim of this work is assessing the critical paths which are transmitting the structure-borne vibrations from the electric vehicle?s vibration sources to the driver?s ear. This assessment includes the analysis of the noise contribution of each path depending on the frequency and vehicle speed range and moreover, the assessment of the path noise impact for harmonic orders which arise due to the physical components of the electric vehicle. Furthermore, the applicability of these methods to electric vehicles is assessed as these techniques have been extensively used for vehicles powered with internal combustion engines.The authors would like to acknowledge the COST ACTION TU1105 for supporting this research

Alternative Transportation Energy

Transportation energy issues are moving to the forefront of the public consciousness in the U.S. and particularly California, and gaining increasing attention from legislators and regulators. The three principal concerns motivating interest in transportation energy are urban air quality, oil dependence, and the threat of global warming. Transportation fuels are a principal contributor to each of these. The transportation sector, mostly motor vehicles, contributes roughly half the urban air pollutants, almost one-third of the carbon dioxide, and consumes over 60% of all petroleum

Working Document, or, Final Product?: The Indo-Pacific Atlas in Seven Acts

The Indo-Pacific Atlas is a 10-meter-long collage of 4000 images and a sound piece, a series-of-maps that explores the role of architecture in rapidly transforming urban environments. The Atlas is a compilation of four research projects that are linked by post-traumatic conditions, capital flows, gentrification and media. It was first exhibited at the inaugural Chicago Architecture Biennial, 2015. Through a description of the methodology for its conception and production, this paper demonstrates the Indo-Pacific Atlas’s ability to intensify the production of collective research. The Atlas’s configuration as an ‘atomised’ cloud of detachable objects and images, encourages researchers to permanently re-negotiate its narrative structures. The simultaneous display of each element that constructs the Atlas allows researchers to visualise the adjacent, parallel, colliding, and intersecting connections between complex and multi-layered narrative sequences. Calling on vast assortments of field and desktop research, this paper interrogates how the process of making, re-making, packing, installing, exhibiting and publishing have generated competing modes of enquiry. Finally, the paper provides a critical commentary on the role of the artefact as a perpetual working document, or, final product, and asks: what is the value in making public experimental and makeshift research

Development of an ELISA for measuring the activity of tetanus toxoid in vaccines and comparison with the toxin neutralization test in mice

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed to measure anti-tetanus toxoid antibody levels in immunized guinea-pig sera as a useful alternative to the currently used toxin neutralization test (TNT) in determining the activity of the tetanus toxoid in vaccines. The ELISA was found to measure antibody levels as low as 5.8 x 10(-5) IU/ml. Furthermore, a comparison of the results from ELISA and TNT involving 132 different commercial vaccines showed a very good correlation (r = 0.94, p < 0.001) between antibody levels measured by both methods. The results suggest that the proposed ELISA is a reliable, simple and economical alternative to the TNT in mice for assessing the activity of tetanus toxoids in vaccines

Development of an alternative method for testing the immunogenicity of diphtheria vaccines

The immunogenicity of the diphtheria component of 73 commercial vaccines from five different manufacturers was tested by the toxin neutralization test (TNT) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) developed in our laboratory. A comparison of the antibody levels measured by both assays showed a very good correlation (r = 0.95, p < 0.001). The results suggest that the proposed ELISA is a reliable, simple and economical alternative to the TNT in guinea pigs. Also, the ELISA was found to measure IgG antibody levels as low as 5.5 x 10(-5) IU ml-1. To evaluate the possibility of accelerating the active immunization during the activity test of vaccines, an alternative schedule using one single human dose was assayed. A very good correlation was observed between the IgG antibody response obtained with this schedule and with the traditional programme. Therefore, the cost and the time required to perform the activity test may be considerably reduced when both the rapid immunization schedule and the ELISA are used