Covering classes and 1-tilting cotorsion pairs over commutative rings

We are interested in characterising the commutative rings for which a 1-tilting cotorsion pair provides for covers, that is when the class A is a covering class. We use Hrbekšfs bijective correspondence between the 1-tilting cotorsion pairs over a commutative ring R and the faithful finitely generated Gabriel topologies on R. Moreover, we use results of Bazzoni-Positselski, in particular a generalisation of Matlis equivalence and their characterisation of covering classes for 1-tilting cotorsion pairs arising from flat injective ring epimorphisms. Explicitly, if is the Gabriel topology associated to the 1-tilting cotorsion pair, and R is the ring of quotients with respect to, we show that if A is covering, then G is a perfect localisation (in Stenstromšfs sense [B. Stenstrom, Rings of Quotients, Springer, New York, 1975]) and the localisation R has projective dimension at most one as an R-module. Moreover, we show that is covering if and only if both the localisation RG and the quotient rings R/J are perfect rings for every J ∈. Rings satisfying the latter two conditions are called G-almost perfect

DEVELOPING SUPPLEMENTARY READING MATERIAL FOR GRADE 11 STUDENTS OF MULTIMEDIA STUDY PROGRAM AT SMK SYUBBANUL WATHON MAGELANG

ABSTRACT Nunun Nuki Erfiani. S891508031. 2018. Developing Supplementary Reading Material for Grade 11 Students of Multimedia Study Program at SMK Syubbanul Wathon Magelang. (A Research and Development Study). THESIS. Consultants: Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd (2) Dr. Suparno, M.Pd. Graduate Program of English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Sebelas Maret University. This research is aimed at developing a supplementary reading material to fulfill students’ need in learning reading towards multimedia study program at vocational secondary school. The design of this research is Research and Development (R&D) which is proposed by Borg and Gall. This research was oriented to the product development and it was conducted in two main stages; (1) exploration stage and (2) product development stage. The exploration stage includes (1) literature review, (2) field study, and (3) need analysis. Meanwhile, the product development stage describes (1) prototype development, (2) experts’ judgement, and (3) try out. This research was conducted at SMK Syubbanul Wathon Magelang. There were an English teacher, two material experts, and students involved in this research. The data of the exploration stage were obtained through observation, interview, questionnaire distribution, and document analysis. Exploration stage was done to know the quality of the existing English textbook used at SMK Syubbanul Wathon Magelang and the students’ need towards reading material. The findings show that the existing textbook used to teach reading contains general English material and it is less specific to be used for the students of multimedia study program. Therefore, it implies that there should be a supplementary reading material developed in regard to provide the teacher and to provide the students’ specific need in learning reading. The supplementary reading material was developed by considering some aspects. It contains theoretical theories of English in vocational secondary schools, ESP, CBI, reading, material development, and material evaluation. Then, it was evaluated and reviewed through the experts’ judgement and tried out in class Jadda 3 to make the material feasible. Through observation, questionnaire distribution, and FGD, the prototype was revised to be the final product which is feasible for the English teachers to teach, for the students to study, and to develop all indicators of reading skill since the supplementary reading material provides (a) sufficient reading material; (b) interesting reading material; (c) multimedia-related themes; and (d) comprehension reading material. Keywords: multimedia study program, exploration stage, product development, supplementary reading materia

Complex symplectic lie algebras with large abelian subalgebras

We present two constructions of complex symplectic structures on Lie algebras with large Abelian ideals. In particular, we completely classify complex symplectic structures on almost Abelian Lie algebras. By considering compact quotients of their corresponding connected, simply connected Lie groups we obtain many examples of complex symplectic manifolds which do not carry (hyper)kähler metrics. We also produce examples of compact complex symplectic manifolds endowed with a fibration whose fibers are Lagrangian tori

Role of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles in tumour microenvironment

Abstract Stromal cells, deriving from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), are crucial component of tumour microenvironment and represent key regulators of tumour processes. MSCs can be recruited to the tumour environment and interact with many cellular elements, thus influencing tumour biology. Cell-to-cell communication is in part mediated by the release of extracellular vesicle (EVs). EVs can induce significant molecular changes in recipient cells, delivering bioactive molecules. In this review, we describe the MSC-derived EVs content and discuss their role in different processes related to cancer biology. Furthermore, we summarize chemical or biological EVs modifications aiming to develop more efficient antitumor therapies

The proangiogenic capacity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils delineated by microarray technique and by measurement of neovascularization in wounded skin of CD18-deficient mice

Growing evidence supports the concept that polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are critically involved in inflammation-mediated angiogenesis which is important for wound healing and repair. We employed an oligonucleotide microarray technique to gain further insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the proangiogenic potential of human PMN. In addition to 18 known angiogenesis-relevant genes, we detected the expression of 10 novel genes, namely midkine, erb-B2, ets-1, transforming growth factor receptor-beta(2) and -beta(3), thrombospondin, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2, ephrin A2, ephrin B2 and restin in human PMN freshly isolated from the circulation. Gene expression was confi rmed by the RT-PCR technique. In vivo evidence for the role of PMN in neovascularization was provided by studying neovascularization in a skin model of wound healing using CD18-deficient mice which lack PMN infi ltration to sites of lesion. In CD18-deficient animals, neo- vascularization was found to be signifi cantly compromised when compared with wild- type control animals which showed profound neovascularization within the granulation tissue during the wound healing process. Thus, PMN infiltration seems to facilitate inflammation mediated angiogenesis which may be a consequence of the broad spectrum of proangiogenic factors expressed by these cells. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel

Abrogation of Junctional Adhesion Molecule-A Expression Induces Cell Apoptosis and Reduces Breast Cancer Progression

Intercellular junctions promote homotypic cell to cell adhesion and transfer intracellular signals which control cell growth and apoptosis. Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) is a transmembrane immunoglobulin located at tight junctions of normal epithelial cells of mammary ducts and glands. In the present paper we show that JAM-A acts as a survival factor for mammary carcinoma cells. JAM-A null mice expressing Polyoma Middle T under MMTV promoter develop significantly smaller mammary tumors than JAM-A positive mice. Angiogenesis and inflammatory or immune infiltrate were not statistically modified in absence of JAM-A but tumor cell apoptosis was significantly increased. Tumor cells isolated from JAM-A null mice or 4T1 cells incubated with JAM-A blocking antibodies showed reduced growth and increased apoptosis which paralleled altered junctional architecture and adhesive function. In a breast cancer clinical data set, tissue microarray data show that JAM-A expression correlates with poor prognosis. Gene expression analysis of mouse tumor samples showed a correlation between genes enriched in human G3 tumors and genes over expressed in JAM-A +/+ mammary tumors. Conversely, genes enriched in G1 human tumors correlate with genes overexpressed in JAM-A−/− tumors. We conclude that down regulation of JAM-A reduces tumor aggressive behavior by increasing cell susceptibility to apoptosis. JAM-A may be considered a negative prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target

Expression of Regulatory Platelet MicroRNAs in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease

Background: Increased platelet activation in sickle cell disease (SCD) contributes to a state of hypercoagulability and confers a risk of thromboembolic complications. The role for post-transcriptional regulation of the platelet transcriptome by microRNAs (miRNAs) in SCD has not been previously explored. This is the first study to determine whether platelets from SCD exhibit an altered miRNA expression profile. Methods and Findings: We analyzed the expression of miRNAs isolated from platelets from a primary cohort (SCD = 19, controls = 10) and a validation cohort (SCD = 7, controls = 7) by hybridizing to the Agilent miRNA microarrays. A dramatic difference in miRNA expression profiles between patients and controls was noted in both cohorts separately. A total of 40 differentially expressed platelet miRNAs were identified as common in both cohorts (p-value 0.05, fold change>2) with 24 miRNAs downregulated. Interestingly, 14 of the 24 downregulated miRNAs were members of three families - miR-329, miR-376 and miR-154 - which localized to the epigenetically regulated, maternally imprinted chromosome 14q32 region. We validated the downregulated miRNAs, miR-376a and miR-409-3p, and an upregulated miR-1225-3p using qRT-PCR. Over-expression of the miR-1225-3p in the Meg01 cells was followed by mRNA expression profiling to identify mRNA targets. This resulted in significant transcriptional repression of 1605 transcripts. A combinatorial approach using Meg01 mRNA expression profiles following miR-1225-3p overexpression, a computational prediction analysis of miRNA target sequences and a previously published set of differentially expressed platelet transcripts from SCD patients, identified three novel platelet mRNA targets: PBXIP1, PLAGL2 and PHF20L1. Conclusions: We have identified significant differences in functionally active platelet miRNAs in patients with SCD as compared to controls. These data provide an important inventory of differentially expressed miRNAs in SCD patients and an experimental framework for future studies of miRNAs as regulators of biological pathways in platelets. © 2013 Jain et al

Histone modifications underlie monocyte dysregulation in patients with systemic sclerosis, underlining the treatment potential of epigenetic targeting.

Background and objective S ystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a severe autoimmune disease, in which the pathogenesis is dependent on both genetic and epigenetic factors. Altered gene expression in SSc monocytes, particularly of interferon (IFN)-responsive genes, suggests their involvement in SSc development. We investigated the correlation between epigenetic histone marks and gene expression in SSc monocytes. Methods C hromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIPseq) for histone marks H3K4me3 and H3K27ac was performed on monocytes of nine healthy controls and 14 patients with SSc. RNA sequencing was performed in parallel to identify aberrantly expressed genes and their correlation with the levels of H3K4me3 and H3K27ac located nearby their transcription start sites. ChIP-qPCR assays were used to verify the role of bromodomain proteins, H3K27ac and STATs on IFNresponsive gene expression. Results 1046 and 534 genomic loci showed aberrant H3K4me3 and H3K27ac marks, respectively, in SSc monocytes. The expression of 381 genes was directly and significantly proportional to the levels of such chromatin marks present near their transcription start site. Genes correlated to altered histone marks were enriched for immune, IFN and antiviral pathways and presented with recurrent binding sites for IRF and STAT transcription factors at their promoters. IFN\u3b1 induced the binding of STAT1 and STAT2 at the promoter of two of these genes, while blocking acetylation readers using the bromodomain BET family inhibitor JQ1 suppressed their expression. Conclusion SS c monocytes have altered chromatin marks correlating with their IFN signature. Enzymes modulating these reversible marks may provide interesting therapeutic targets to restore monocyte homeostasis to treat or even prevent SSc

New evidence of pectenotoxins in farmed bivalve molluscs from Sardinia (Italy)

Several planktonic dinoflagellates can produce lipophilic phycotoxins that represent a significant threat to public health as well as to shellfish and fish farming. Poisoning related to some of these toxins is categorised as diarrhetic shellfish poisoning. We analysed 975 shellfish samples from Tortolì in the central-eastern region of Sardinia (Italy) from January 2016 to March 2020, to investigate the prevalence of different lipophilic marine biotoxins in mollusc bivalves. The results highlighted the predominant presence of toxins belonging to the okadaic acid group in all samples with toxin concentrations exceeding legal limits, and revealed the new occurrence of pectenotoxins in oysters and clams with a winter seasonality in recent years. The origin of shellfish toxicity was associated with the same Dinophysis species, mainly D. acuminata. Based on both these results and other precedents, monitoring and recording systems are strongly recommended