NATURAL BIODEGRADATION OF COPROSTANOL IN AN EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM OF THREE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS OF JAKARTA WATERS, INDONESIA

Constraint of using bio-indicator (coliform bacteria) as an indicator of domestic (sewage) pollution in the environment with high environmental stress encourages the discovering of other alternate indicators. Coprostanol has been proposed as a chemical indicator of domestic waste pollution, but most research on were conducted in the temperate (high latitude) region. The persistence of coprostanol in tropical region, especially in Indonesia, is still very poor. It is very important to understand the persistence of coprostanol in the nature, as one of the requirements to propose coprostanol as an alternate indicator of domestic waste pollution. In order to better understand the natural biodegradation of coprostanol, experimental system on three environmental conditions (river, river mouth, and coastal waters) was conducted. In April 2004, samples of water and surface bottom sediments were collected from each environmental condition in duplicate. Before the samples were put into aerated and non-aerated aquaria, about 35-40 g of surface bottom sediments were taken to analyze the initial concentration (C0) of coprostanol. The sediments were subsequently sampled from each aquarium within a certain interval day to analyze the concentration of coprostanol (C10, C20, and C40). The results showed that aeration plays not an important role in natural biodegradation of coprostanol. In average, the highest rate of coprostanol biodegradation is 0.438 µg/g day-1 in non aerated coastal water environment, where as the lowest was found in the non aerated river mouth environment (0.021 µg/g day-1). Since coprostanol was degraded very slowly, and could be detected in the sediments of three environmental conditions, coprostanol has an excellent potency to be used as an alternate indicator of domestic wastes

Campuran Tulang Sapi Dengan Asam Organik Untuk Meningkatkan PTersedia Dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung Di Inceptisol

The research aimed to determine the effect of a mixture of cow bone ash with organic acids on Pavailable inceptisol soil and growth of maize (Zea mays L.). The research was conducted in thegreenhouse and analyzed in the laboratory of research and technology of Agriculture Faculty ofNorth Sumatera University of Medan from May-October 2013. The research design was nonfactorialrandomized block design consisting of 13 treatments with 3 replications that is: Control,T1K (cow bone ash 166.7 g), T1S1 (cow bone ash 166.7 g + citric acid 2% 500.1 mL), T1A1 (cowbone ash 166.7 g + acetic acid 2% 500.1 mL), T1L1 (cow bone ash 166.7 g + lactic acid 2%500.1mL), T2K (cow bone ash 333.4 g), T2S2 (cow bone ash 333.4 g + citric acid 2% 1000.2 mL),T2A2 (cow bone ash 333.4 g + acetic acid 2% 1000.2 mL), T2L2 (cow bone ash 333.4 g + lactic acid2% 1000.2 mL), T3K (cow bone ash 500.1 g), T3S3 (cow bone ash 500.1 g + citric acid 2% 1500.3mL), T3A3 (cow bone ash 500.1 g + acetic acid 2% 1500.3 mL), dan T3L3 (cow bone ash 500.1 g +lactic acid 2% 1500.3 mL).The result of research indicated that application of 500.1 g cow bone ash+ citric 1000.2 mL citric acid 2% was the highest increasing soil pH (6.78), P available (20 ppm),P-uptake of plants (0.26 g P/plant), plant shoot dry weight (51.66 g), plant root dry weight (14.23),and plant height (187.27 cm) compared with other treatments

Kandungan Kolesterol dalam Berbagai Bahan Makanan Hewani

The risk of consuming large quantities of food containing cholesterol has been widely known by the community. However, information concerning cholesterol content in a variety of foods originating from animal tissue is not very well known. By knowing the cholesterol content of food products, people could restrict or prevent their consumption of high cholesterol food and select foods with a low cholesterol content. The cholesterol content of various foods originating from animal tissues, such as beef, mutton, broiler and domestic chicken meat, entrails (liver, heart, kidney and intestines), skin, tail part and eggs and fish (salt water and fresh water) had been investigated. Cholesterol content was analysed using David Sleighton's method, which was a modification from Abell et. al. The study revealed that the cholesterol content of every 100 g wet weight meat of domestic chiken was similar to that of broiler chicken, 116 mg and 110 mg respectively. Cholesterol content of broiler chiken entrails was higher than that of domestic chicken. The highest cholesterol content of broiler chicken entrails was liver (529 mg/100 g) and the lowest was heart (171 mg/100 g), while for domestic chicken, the highest was kidney (336 mg/100 g) and the lowest was heart (164 mg/100 g). Egg yolk cholesterol content of domestic chicken was 922 mg/100 g nearly two folds of broiler chicken's egg which was 485 mg/100 g. The highest content of cholesterol among salt water animals was shrimp (179 mg/100 g) and the lowest was pomfret (97 mg/100 g), while for fresh water fishes the highest was catfish (94 mg/100 g) and the lowest was mujair (52 mg/100 g)

Boston University Symphony Orchestra, April 28, 1985

This is the concert program of the Boston University Symphony Orchestra performance on Sunday, April 28, 1985 at 3:00 p.m., at the Concert Hall, 855 Commonwealth Avenue. Works performed were Symphony No. 88 in G major by Franz Joseph Haydn and Pictures at an Exhibition by Modest Mussorgsky and orchestrated by Maurice Ravel. Digitization for Boston University Concert Programs was supported by the Boston University Humanities Library Endowed Fund

An alternative approach to efficient simulation of micro/nanoscale phonon transport

Starting from the recently proposed energy-based deviational formulation for solving the Boltzmann equation [J.-P. Peraud and N. G. Hadjiconstantinou, Phys. Rev. B 84, 2011], which provides significant computational speedup compared to standard Monte Carlo methods for small deviations from equilibrium, we show that additional computational benefits are possible in the limit that the governing equation can be linearized. The proposed method exploits the observation that under linearized conditions (small temperature differences) the trajectories of individual deviational particles can be decoupled and thus simulated independently; this leads to a particularly simple and efficient algorithm for simulating steady and transient problems in arbitrary three-dimensional geometries, without introducing any additional approximation.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

PENGEMBANGAN ALAT PERMAINAN EDUKATIF JENGA KARTU PINTAR (JENG KATAR) UNTUK TEMA “ORGAN TUBUH MANUSIA DAN HEWAN” KELAS V SD

Penelitian pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan APE Jenga Kartu Pintar (Jeng Katar) untuk Tema “Organ Tubuh Manusia dan Hewan” Kelas V SD yang baik untuk digunakan. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi karena belum tersedia APE unuk tema “Organ Tubuh Manusia dan Hewan “ kelas V yang baik digunakan. APE Jeng Katar dikembangkan dengan mengadaptasi dan memodifikasi langkah penelitian R&D yang dikemukakan oleh Borg & Gall. Prosedur penelitian meliputi pencarian data awal, perencanaan, pengembangan rancangan produk, uji coba produk awal, revisi produk awal, uji coba produk lapangan utama, revisi produk uji coba lapangan utama, uji coba produk lapangan operasional, dan revisi akhir produk. Produk awal dinilai dan divalidasi oleh ahli materi dan ahli media. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SD N Wonosobo dimana siswa akan mencoba APE sebanyak tiga tahap, yaitu: ujicoba produk lapangan awal, ujicoba produk lapangan utama, dan ujicoba produk lapangan oprasional. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan angket. Analisis data berupa deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian pengembangan ini telah menghasilkan produk alat permainan edukatif Jeng Katar dengan menggunakan sembilan tahap penelitian R&D menurut Borg & Gall. Pada validasi ahli media, APE Jeng Katar mendapatkan hasil penilaian “Sangat Baik” dan pada validasi ahli media, APE Jeng Katar mendapakan hasil penilaian “Sangat Baik”. Telah dilakukan uji coba produk awal dengan melibatkan 3 orang siswa kelas V SD dengan hasil respon “Baik”. Selanjutnya, telah dilakukan uji coba produk lapangan utama melibatkan 9 orang siswa kelas V SD dengan hasil respon “Baik”. Telah dilakukan uji coba produk lapangan operasional melibatkan 20 orang siswa kelas V SD dengan hasil “Baik” dan hasil akhir produk dalam penelitian menunjukkan bahwa APE Jeng Katar “Baik” digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran tema “Organ Tubuh Manusia dan Hewan”

Asymmetric exclusion processes with constrained dynamics

Asymmetric exclusion processes with locally reversible kinetic constraints are introduced to investigate the effect of non-conservative driving forces in athermal systems. At high density they generally exhibit rheological-like behavior, negative differential resistance, two-step structural relaxation, dynamical heterogeneity and, possibly, a jamming transition driven by the external field.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures; revised version: minor changes, added references; to be publishe

Structure of the cuspidal rational torsion subgroup of J_1(p^n)

In this article, we determine the structure of the $p$-primary subgroup of the cuspidal rational torsion subgroup of the Jacobian $J_1(p^n)$ of the modular curve $X_1(p^n)$ for a regular prime $p$.Comment: 26 page