The effect of chemical mutagen on haemolymph proteins of silkworm, Bombyx mori L.(Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) in F 1 stage

The chemical mutagen Diethylsulphate (DES) was treated to the mulberry silkworm, NB4D2 breed at the age, fifth instar fifth day with different concentrations (8mM and 10mM) by injection and spray methods. The F1 progeny was obtained from DES treated and control sets by selfing the moths. The quantitative analysis of haemolymph proteins revealed that 8mM injection set exhibit higher levels when compared with control and treated sets. The quantitative analysis also clearly indicate the variations in the number as well as intensity of the protein bands

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic (wave 2) and associated lockdown on wound care and the resultant increase in the number of amputations

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unparalleled impact on the socio-economic and healthcare structure of the entire world, including India. The risk of major amputations has increased during the COVID-19 lockdown.Aim of the study was to conduct a single-centered study on the prevalence of major amputations during the pre-pandemic and pandemic period to evaluate the indirect effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on people with lower limb cellulites and wounds. This study also emphasizes on the importance of easy and routine access to foot-care specialist.Methods: The data of patients attending the outpatient and emergency room of general surgery in K. R. Hospital with complaints of cellulites/wounds/ulcers during the months of March to July was evaluated. The number of amputations done during same time period was analyzed.Results: The patients attending outpatient department (OPD) during the lockdown had a fall, while cases and amputations immediately after lockdown had increased.Conclusions: The findings of the present study, reiterate the role of preventive actions in wound care and stress on the importance awareness of complications if such wounds are ignored

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING TABLET OF KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE

Aim: Ketorolac tromethamine is used for the treatment of a number of infections including infection of joints and bones, gastroenteritis, malignant otitis externa, respiratory tract infections, cellulitis, urinary tract infections, anthrax, skin structural infections, and typhoid fever, and it also used in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, chronic bacterial prostatitis, and nosocomial pneumonia. Objective: Difficulty in swallowing (dysphasia) is a common problem of all age groups, especially the elderly and pediatrics, due to physiological changes associated with these groups. Conclusion: In the present work, it has been observed from all formulations of pre-compression and post-compression studies were given within the limit of values. The in vitro dissolution data, F1 (combination of different superdisintegrants) when compared to other formulation

Pseudo cholinesterase-diagnostic and prognostic value in organophosphorus poisoning

Background: Organophosphorus compound poisoning is a common clinical situation encountered in emergency department. The estimation of pseudo cholinesterase levels in plasma help to identify OP poisoning. Aim of this study was the levels of pseudo cholinesterase in plasma as a diagnostic aid in patients with suspected organophosphorus poisoning and to predict the prognosis and mortality based on pseudo cholinesterase activity.Methods: 390 cases of suspected organophosphorus compound poisoning were selected above 18 years of age. Detailed history and clinical examination were done. The serum levels of enzyme pseudo cholinesterase were estimated on 1st and 3rd and 6th day.Results: 61% were males, 39% were females. Age range 18-55 years. Most of the patients were admitted within 4 hours of consumption. 50% cases were mild, 26% were moderate and 24% were severe cases, Commonest clinical features were vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal cramps. Common signs were miosis (46%), difficulty in breathing (42%), cold calmmy skin, bradycardia. Patients who survived had raising values of enzyme levels and in patients who expired did not show much increase in enzyme values.Conclusions: In initial stages of poisoning, determining pseudo cholinesterase activity forms a reliable test. In patients who survived had values above 4300 U/L and showed increasing levels on successive days indicating better prognosis. Low values of enzymes in initial stages of poisoning as well as decreasing values on the third day indicate increased mortality

Efficacy of systemic fungicides and antagonistic organism for the management of Phytophthora foot rot of black pepper in arecanut cropping system

Black pepper vines were less affected when the vines were treated either with metalaxyl goldMZ 64 WP (Ridomil gold) @ 2.5 g/vine or   potassium phosphonate ( 0.5 per cent)  as  spray(@ 2 l-vine ) and drench  twice (@ 3 l-vine) during before on set of monsoon and secondapplication in the month of August coupled with soil application of antagonistic organismi.e., Trichoderma harzianum   @ 50 g  (cfu 107 ) along with 1 kg of neem cake  to the root zoneof the vine.  Application of systemic fungicides alone i.e., metalaxyl MZ 68 WP  (Ridomilgold) @  2.5 g/vine or potassium phosphonate ( 0.5 per cent)  as  spray  (@ 2 l-vine ) anddrench  twice (@ 3 l-vine) also showed effectiveness in the combating the disease. &nbsp

Novel indole derivatives as hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase inhibitors: Pharmacophore modeling and 3D QSAR studies

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) encodes its own RNA dependent RNA polymerase (NS5b) in order to replicate its genome. An efficient pharmacophore was identified, by executing structural analysis of a set of 49 indole-based inhibitors of the HCV NS5B polymerase. Identified pharmacophoric features, two hydrophobic regions, and 4 aromatic rings i.e. HHRRRR.649. Ligand based 3D-QSAR was performed, partial least square regression analysis was employed which gave a regression coefficient R2 of 0.98 and Q2 of 0.88, and Pearson-R of 0.96

Stability analysis for yield and its attributing traits in advanced breeding lines of rabi sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

An experiment was carried out involving twenty three advanced breeding lines along with two checks M 35-1 and Muguthi during rabi season 2012-13 at four locations. Observations were recorded on 10 different characters viz., plant height (cm), stem diameter (cm), ear head length (cm), ear head diameter (cm), days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, 100 seed weight (g), fodder yield per plot (kg), seed yield per plot (kg), and lodging percentage. The pooled analysis of variance revealed that mean sum of squares due to genotypes was significant for ear head diameter, days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity and fodder yield, indicating presence of considerable amount of variability in the genotypes. The mean sum of square due to environment + (genotypes x environment) was significant for plant height, ear head length (cm), ear head diameter (cm), days to 50 per cent flowering, fodder yield per plot (kg), seed yield per plot (kg), and lodging percentage characters except stem diameter, days to maturity and 100 seed yield. On the basis of stability parameters a four genotypes viz., GS-6 (2364 kg/ha), GS-16 (2454 kg/ha), GS-22(2775 kg/ha) and GS-23(2978 kg/ha) were found most stable over Gulbarga, Raichur, Bellary and Malnoor environments of Hyderabad Karnataka region

Character association and path analysis in advanced breeding lines of rabi sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]

The field experiment was carried out using advanced breeding lines of rabi sorghum to study association among the yield and its component traits, direct and indirect effects of traits on the yield. Association studies indicated that seed yield per plot showed significant positive correlation with traits viz., plant height (rp=+0.7243, rg=+0.7409), ear head length (rp=+0.6002, rg=+0.6021), 100 seed weight (rp=+0.1593, rg=+0.1880), fodder yield (rp=+0.9434, rg=+0.9476) and lodging percentage (rp=+0.5263, rg=+0.5646) at both phenotypic and genotypic level.Genotypic correlation was higher magnitude than phenotypic correlation. Revealed increase in ear head length will increase the seed yield. Partitioning of yield and yield components both at phenotypic and genotypic levels into direct and indirect effects revealed that positive direct effects of ear head length (Ppi=+0.2533, Pgi=+0.5241), ear head diameter (Ppi=+0.0669, Pgi=+0.2580), days to maturity (Ppi=+0.0338, Pgi=+0.1193), fodder yield (Ppi=+0.6484, Pgi=+0.7461) were relatively high and followed by less lodging percentage (Ppi=+0.1751, Pgi=+0.2263). Residual effects were Pr=0.1303 and Gr=0.0624 at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Indicating importance of these characters and can be strategically used to improve the seed yield of sorghum

Doubly Differential Cross Sections of Low-Energy Electrons Emitted in the Ionization of Molecular Hydrogen by Bare Carbon Ions

We have measured the double differential cross sections (DDCS) (d2σ/dεedΩe) of low-energy electron emission in the ionization of H2 bombarded by bare carbon ions of energy 30 MeV. The energy and angular distributions of the electron DDCS have been obtained for 12 different emission angles and for electron energies varying between 0.1 and 300 eV. We have also deduced the single differential and total ionization cross section from the measured DDCS. The data have been compared with the predictions of first Born approximations and the CDW-EIS (continuum distorted wave–eikonal initial state) model. The CDW-EIS model provides an excellent agreement with the data. [S1050-2947~96!10109-8

Structure and N-acetylglucosamine binding of the distal domain of mouse adenovirus 2 fibre

15 pags, 8 figsMurine adenovirus 2 (MAdV-2) infects cells of the mouse gastrointestinal tract. Like human adenoviruses, it is a member of the genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae. The MAdV-2 genome has a single fibre gene that expresses a 787 residue-long protein. Through analogy to other adenovirus fibre proteins, it is expected that the carboxy-terminal virus-distal head domain of the fibre is responsible for binding to the host cell, although the natural receptor is unknown. The putative head domain has little sequence identity to adenovirus fibres of known structure. In this report, we present high-resolution crystal structures of the carboxy-terminal part of the MAdV-2 fibre. The structures reveal a domain with the typical adenovirus fibre head topology and a domain containing two triple ß-spiral repeats of the shaft domain. Through glycan microarray profiling, saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry and site-directed mutagenesis, we show that the fibre specifically binds to the monosaccharide N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). The crystal structure of the complex reveals that GlcNAc binds between the AB and CD loops at the top of each of the three monomers of the MAdV-2 fibre head. However, infection competition assays show that soluble GlcNAc monosaccharide and natural GlcNAc-containing polymers do not inhibit infection by MAdV-2. Furthermore, site-directed mutation of the GlcNAc-binding residues does not prevent the inhibition of infection by soluble fibre protein. On the other hand, we show that the MAdV-2 fibre protein binds GlcNAc-containing mucin glycans, which suggests that the MAdV-2 fibre protein may play a role in viral mucin penetration in the mouse gut.This research was sponsored by grant BFU2014-53425-P (to M. J. v. R.), coordinated grants CTQ2015-64597-P-C02-01 and CTQ2015-64597-P-C02-02 (to J. J. B. and F. J. C., respectively), grant BFU2015-70052-R (to M. M.) and the Spanish Adenovirus Network (AdenoNet, BIO2015-68990-REDT), all from the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación. Financial support to M. M. from the CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES) from the Spanish Institute of Health Carlos III is also acknowledged. These grants are co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund of the European Union. A. K. S. and T. H. N. were recipients of pre-doctoral fellowships from La Caixa and CSIC-VAST, respectively. The expression vectors were designed and created in Hungary, and this was financed by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA K100163). M. K. thanks Enterprise Ireland for a Commercialisation Fund grant (CF/2015/0089), A. K. acknowledges the National University of Ireland for a Cancer Care West Hardiman PhD scholarship and L. J. acknowledges the EU FP7 programme in support of the GlycoHIT consortium (grant no. 260600). This work was supported by R01 AI104920 (to J. G. S.) from the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (www.niaid.nih.gov). S. S. W. was also supported by the Helen Riaboff Whiteley Endowment to the University of Washington and by Public Health Service, National Research Service Awards T32 AI083203 from the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases and T32 GM007270 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences