The strategic potential of community-based hybrid models: the case of global business services in Africa

Firms in latecomer economies, such as Sub-Saharan Africa, often have limited success with traditional business models. We explain why it can be more feasible to adopt a hybrid model in such a region that combines profitability with serving local communities, e.g., by promoting inclusive employment or by targeting underserved markets. Sub-Saharan Africa supports hybrid models and social enterprises mainly through local community resources (e.g., labor, market ideas), community organizations giving access to such resources, and experience with business-community alliances. Hybrid models can benefit from such conditions when business clients and governments support the social mission and when firms are ready to target niche rather than mainstream markets. We illustrate the business potential of hybrid enterprises based on the case of ‘impact sourcing’ in global business services in Kenya and South Africa

An overview of the Michigan Positron Microscope Program

An overview of the Michigan Positron Microscope Program is presented with particular emphasis on the second generation microscope that is presently near completion. The design and intended applications of this microscope will be summarized.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87602/2/391_1.pd

Origin and insertion of the medial patellofemoral ligament: a systematic review of anatomy.

PURPOSE: The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is the major medial soft-tissue stabiliser of the patella, originating from the medial femoral condyle and inserting onto the medial patella. The exact position reported in the literature varies. Understanding the true anatomical origin and insertion of the MPFL is critical to successful reconstruction. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine these locations. METHODS: A systematic search of published (AMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed and Cochrane Library) and unpublished literature databases was conducted from their inception to the 3 February 2016. All papers investigating the anatomy of the MPFL were eligible. Methodological quality was assessed using a modified CASP tool. A narrative analysis approach was adopted to synthesise the findings. RESULTS: After screening and review of 2045 papers, a total of 67 studies investigating the relevant anatomy were included. From this, the origin appears to be from an area rather than (as previously reported) a single point on the medial femoral condyle. The weighted average length was 56 mm with an 'hourglass' shape, fanning out at both ligament ends. CONCLUSION: The MPFL is an hourglass-shaped structure running from a triangular space between the adductor tubercle, medial femoral epicondyle and gastrocnemius tubercle and inserts onto the superomedial aspect of the patella. Awareness of anatomy is critical for assessment, anatomical repair and successful surgical patellar stabilisation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Systematic review of anatomical dissections and imaging studies, Level IV

Organizing risk: organization and management theory for the risk society

Risk has become a crucial part of organizing, affecting a wide range of organizations in all sectors. We identify, review and integrate diverse literatures relevant to organizing risk, building on an existing framework that describes how risk is organized in three ‘modes’ – prospectively, in real-time, and retrospectively. We then identify three critical issues in the existing literature: its fragmented nature; its neglect of the tensions associated with each of the modes; and its tendency to assume that the meaning of an object in relation to risk is singular and stable. We provide a series of new insights with regard to each of these issues. First, we develop the concept of a risk cycle that shows how organizations engage with all three modes and transition between them over time. Second, we explain why the tensions have been largely ignored and show how studies using a risk work perspective can provide further insights into them. Third, we develop the concept of risk translation to highlight the ways in the meanings of risks can be transformed and to identify the political consequences of such translations. We conclude the paper with a research agenda to elaborate these insights and ideas further

A silicified Early Triassic marine assemblage from Svalbard

peerreview_statement: The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope. aims_and_scope_url: http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=tjsp2