Machine learning for quality control system

In this work, we propose and develop a classification model to be used in a quality control system for clothing manufacturing using machine learning algorithms. The system consists of using pictures taken through mobile devices to detect defects on production objects. In this work, a defect can be a missing component or a wrong component in a production object. Therefore, the function of the system is to classify the components that compose a production object through the use of a classification model. As a manufacturing business progresses, new objects are created, thus, the classification model must be able to learn the new classes without losing previous knowledge. However, most classification algorithms do not support an increase of classes, these need to be trained from scratch with all . Thus. In this work, we make use of an incremental learning algorithm to tackle this problem. This algorithm classifies features extracted from pictures of the production objects using a convolutional neural network (CNN), which have proven to be very successful in image classification problems. We apply the current developed approach to a process in clothing manufacturing. Therefore, the production objects correspond to clothing itemsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersio

Geometrical analysis of the inland topography to assess the likely response of wave-dominated coastline to sea level: application to Great Britain

The need for quantitative assessments at a large spatial scale (103 km) and over time horizons of the order 101 to 102 years have been reinforced by the 2019 Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, which concluded that adaptation to a sea-level rise will be needed no matter what emission scenario is followed. Here, we used a simple geometrical analysis of the backshore topography to assess the likely response of any wave-dominated coastline to a sea-level rise, and we applied it along the entire Great Britain (GB) coastline, which is ca. 17,820 km long. We illustrated how the backshore geometry can be linked to the shoreline response (rate of change and net response: erosion or accretion) to a sea-level rise by using a generalized shoreline Exner equation, which includes the effect of the backshore slope and differences in sediment fractions within the nearshore. To apply this to the whole of GB, we developed an automated delineation approach to extract the main geometrical attributes. Our analysis suggests that 71% of the coast of GB is best described as gentle coast, including estuarine coastline or open coasts where back-barrier beaches can form. The remaining 39% is best described as cliff-type coastlines, for which the majority (57%) of the backshore slope values are negative, suggesting that a non-equilibrium trajectory will most likely be followed as a response to a rise in sea level. For the remaining 43% of the cliffed coast, we have provided regional statistics showing where the potential sinks and sources of sediment are likely to be

Glutathionylation of Pea Chloroplast 2-Cys Prx and Mitochondrial Prx IIF Affects Their Structure and Peroxidase Activity and Sulfiredoxin Deglutathionylates Only the 2-Cys Prx

Together with thioredoxins (Trxs), plant peroxiredoxins (Prxs), and sulfiredoxins (Srxs) are involved in antioxidant defense and redox signaling, while their regulation by post-translational modifications (PTMs) is increasingly regarded as a key component for the transduction of the bioactivity of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Among these PTMs, S-glutathionylation is considered a protective mechanism against overoxidation, it also modulates protein activity and allows signaling. This study explores the glutathionylation of recombinant chloroplastic 2-Cys Prx and mitochondrial Prx IIF from Pisum sativum. Glutathionylation of the decameric form of 2-Cys Prx produced a change in the elution volume after FPLC chromatography and converted it to its dimeric glutathionylated form, while Prx IIF in its reduced dimeric form was glutathionylated without changing its oligomeric state. Mass spectrometry demonstrated that oxidized glutathione (GSSG) can glutathionylate resolving cysteine (Cys174), but not the peroxidatic equivalent (Cys52), in 2-Cys Prx. In contrast, GSSG was able to glutathionylate both peroxidatic (Cys59) and resolving (Cys84) cysteine in Prx IIF. Glutathionylation was seen to be dependent on the GSH/GSSG ratio, although the exact effect on the 2-Cys Prx and Prx IIF proteins differed. However, the glutathionylation provoked a similar decrease in the peroxidase activity of both peroxiredoxins. Despite growing evidence of the importance of post-translational modifications, little is known about the enzymatic systems that specifically regulate the reversal of this modification. In the present work, sulfiredoxin from P. sativum was seen to be able to deglutathionylate pea 2-Cys Prx but not pea Prx IIF. Redox changes during plant development and the response to stress influence glutathionylation/deglutathionylation processes, which may represent an important event through the modulation of peroxiredoxin and sulfiredoxin proteins.This research was supported by MICINN, Spain (BFU2014-52452-P co-financed by FEDER) and Seneca Foundation, Murcia, Spain (Excellence Group 19876/GERM/15).Peer reviewedPeer Reviewe

The role of data within coastal resilience assessments: an East Anglia, UK, case study

Embracing the concept of resilience within coastal management marks a step change in thinking, building on the inputs of more traditional risk assessments, and further accounting for capacities to respond, recover and implement contingency measures. Nevertheless, many past resilience assessments have been theoretical and have failed to address the requirements of practitioners. Assessment methods can also be subjective, relying on opinion-based judgements, and can lack empirical validation. Scope exists to address these challenges through drawing on rapidly emerging sources of data and smart analytics. This, alongside the careful selection of the metrics used in assessment of resilience, can facilitate more robust assessment methods. This work sets out to establish a set of core metrics, and data sources suitable for inclusion within a data-driven coastal resilience assessment. A case study region of East Anglia, UK, is focused on, and data types and sources associated with a set of proven assessment metrics were identified. Virtually all risk-specific metrics could be satisfied using available or derived data sources. However, a high percentage of the resilience-specific metrics would still require human input. This indicates that assessment of resilience is inherently more subjective than assessment of risk. Yet resilience assessments incorporate both risk and resilience specific variables. As such it was possible to link 75% of our selected metrics to empirical sources. Through taking a case study approach and discussing a set of requirements outlined by a coastal authority, this paper reveals scope for the incorporation of rapidly progressing data collection, dissemination, and analytical methods, within dynamic coastal resilience assessments. This could facilitate more sustainable evidence-based management of coastal regions

Evidence of Former Sea Levels from a Passive Seismic Survey at a Sandy Beach; Perranporth, SW England, UK

Since the end of the last glaciation, the United Kingdom’s land surface has been altered by isostatic rebound, rising in the north and sinking in the south. Numerous studies have been published documenting the impact of isostatic rebound on relative sea levels. However, due to the difficulties in acquiring evidence to prove former sea levels, locally, these data can be sparse or absent. In this work, we explored the suitability of the passive seismic survey (PSS) method to estimate the contemporaneous beach thickness in coastal environments where there is a high impedance contrast between the beach deposits and the underlying wave-cut platform. We conducted a three-day survey at Perran Beach, Cornwall, collected 149 measurements using PSS, and interpreted the observations supported by auxiliary topographical, geological, and independent geophysical observation in the study area. The study site is a contemporaneous beach mostly composed of sand underlain by a wave-cut platform composed of igneous and sedimentary rock, therefore high impedance contrast with the sandy beach is anticipated. The elevation of the bedrock relative to the topographical elevation suggests that the bedrock elevation is −15 m ± 5 m below the present day mean sea level, which is coherent with the observation of relative sea level rise along the region of the south-west. The present study contributes to our current limited understanding of land and sea level movements by providing further subsurface information to the coastal geological archive of south-west England, a region currently in need of more data to reconstruct land- and sea-level movement

Developing an Open Database to Support Forensic Investigation of Disasters in South East Asia: FORINSEA v1.0

This article describes the development of a bespoke database, FORINSEA1.0, created to address the need for a systematic curation of information needed for the descriptive phase of the FORIN approach and its application to two study areas in the South East Asia region. FORINSEA1.0 allows researchers, for the first time, to explore and make use of subnational, geocoded data on major disasters triggered by natural hazards (flooding, earthquake, landslide and meteorological hazards) since 1945 until 2020 in the hydrological catchment of the Red River in Vietnam and the Marikina Basin in the Philippines. FORINSEA1.0 also contains relevant subnational information on relevant socio-economic policies and development of key infrastructure to provide the basis of the descriptive FORIN analysis. While the catchment approach is potentially transferable to other regions, this Data Report does not show how these records might be applied or integrated to support a FORIN investigation of a specific disaster or event, neither provide basic ground rules for setting up similar systems in other countries

The Slab Puzzle of the Alpine‐Mediterranean Region: Insights from a new, High‐Resolution, Shear‐Wave Velocity Model of the Upper Mantle

Mediterranean tectonics since the Lower Cretaceous has been characterized by a multi‐phase subduction and collision history with temporally and spatially‐variable, small‐scale plate configurations. A new shear‐wave velocity model of the Mediterranean upper mantle (MeRE2020), constrained by a very large set of over 200,000 broadband (8‐350 s), inter‐station, Rayleigh‐wave, phase‐velocity curves, illuminates the complex structure and fragmentation of the subducting slabs. Phase‐velocity maps computed using these measurements were inverted for depth‐dependent, shear‐wave velocities using a stochastic particle‐swarm‐optimization algorithm (PSO). The resulting three‐dimensional (3‐D) model makes possible an inventory of slab segments across the Mediterranean. Fourteen slab segments of 200‐800 km length along‐strike are identified. We distinguish three categories of subducted slabs: attached slabs reaching down to the bottom of the model; shallow slabs of shorter length in down‐dip direction, terminating shallower than 300 km depth; and detached slab segments. The location of slab segments are consistent with and validated by the intermediate‐depth seismicity, where it is present. The new high‐resolution tomography demonstrates the intricate relationships between slab fragmentation and the evolution of the relatively small and highly curved subduction zones and collisional orogens characteristic of the Mediterranean realm

Co‐developing guidance for conservation: An example for seabirds in the North‐East Atlantic in the face of climate change impacts

Conservation guidance—an authoritative source of information and recommendations explicitly supporting decision-making and action regarding nature conservation—represents an important tool to communicate evidence-based advice to conservation actors. Given the rapidly increasing pressure that climate change poses to biodiversity, producing accessible, well-informed guidance on how to best manage the impacts and risks of changing climatic conditions is particularly urgent. Guidance documents should ideally be produced with multistage input from stakeholders who are likely to use and implement such advice; however, this step can be complicated and costly, and remains largely unformalized. Moreover, there is currently little direct evidence synthesized for actions that specifically target climate change and guidance remains largely absent. Here, we introduce a process for co-developing guidance for species conservation in the face of climate change, using seabirds in the North-East Atlantic as a case study. Specifically, we collated evidence on climate change vulnerability and possible conservation actions using literature synthesis, stakeholder surveys, and ecological modeling. This evidence base was then discussed, refined, and expanded using structured stakeholder workshops. We summarize the knowledge gained through stakeholder engagement and provide recommendations for future international efforts to co-produce conservation guidance for managing wildlife, in the context of a rapidly changing climate.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio