La publicación científica y el compromiso social

Vivimos en un mundo globalizado, y las tendencias de desarrollo e investigación son una necesidad sentidapara la Universidad, por ende su aporte a la sociedad, de ahí que se hace necesario la investigación, pero lapregunta es, será que se puede publicar todo lo que se investiga?, la respuesta será y dependerá de que seinvestiga en el claustro universitario, más aun, que del profesional independiente o del estudiantepostgraduado. Ante esta disyuntiva debemos estar conscientes, que la sociedad exige a la universidadinnovación, no improvisación, tarea que se hace una demanda social, entonces la investigación además deconcebirla debe esta visible, para que las instancias que manejan instituciones, las que a su vez sonresponsables del manejo de proyectos, desean contar con información fresca pero creíble en revistascientíficas, que estén indexadas y de acceso abierto, pues este último se vuelve un escollo si son de pago porver, ya que afecta los presupuestos en la generación de nuevos proyectos de desarrollo, intervención u otros.Las revistas científicas por lo tanto, deberían ser el motor de dialogo entre el investigador, la universidad yla sociedad, ya que todas cumplen roles diferentes pero un único fin, el solucionar problemas que atañen a lasociedad, en el caso particular, la generación de nuevas tecnologías, alimentos, carne, leche, derivados, entreotros, que presente indicadores de calidad y compromiso social

Controlling phlebotomine sand flies to prevent canine Leishmania infantum infection: A case of knowing your enemy

Leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania infantum is a widespread zoonotic disease that can be transmitted to animals and humans by their vectors, blood-sucking phlebotomine sand flies. To prevent canine leishmaniosis across the whole Mediterranean region, vector control is essential. Because of phlebotomine breeding sites are diverse, environmental larval controls have limited practical value. Control methods of adults are being evaluated, such as selective baits based on sugar feeding of males and females or Attractive Toxic Sugar Baits (ATSB), and the indoor use of Long-Lasting-Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) treated with permethrin to prevent sand fly bites complementing the Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) approach suggested by WHO. Although several strategies exist, the best control measure to prevent canine Leishmania infantum is to treat dogs using biocidal topical formulations based on legal insecticides (PTs18) or repellents (PTs19) (as collars, spot-ons and/or sprays) during the period when the vectors are active. This means we need to really know the biology and life cycle of the sand fly vector. According to available data, by mapping ambient temperatures we can already predict high risk areas where vector densities will be higher. In ongoing research, new candidates are emerging to fight against sand flies including natural plant extracts with low impacts on the environment and host animal. Other options in the future could be systemic insecticides to help reduce sand fly populations in high density areas. In parallel, health authorities and professionals involved in animal and public health (veterinarians, physicians, entomologists and epidemiologists) must work together in a One Health approach to minimize Leishmania infection. Veterinarians play a crucial role in liaising between key stake holders and dog owners to ensure the latter act responsibly in using repellents as a preventive measure against sand fly bites

Molecular typing and antimicrobial resistance profiling of 33 mastitis-related Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cows in the Comarca Lagunera region of Mexico

Mastitis in cows is a major cause of economic losses and it is commonly associated with Staphylococcus aureus. Little is known about the S. aureus lineages causing mastitis in Mexican cattle. The aim of this study was to type S. aureus isolates causing mastitis in cows from the Comarca Lagunera region in Mexico in 2015-2016. Multi-locus variable number tandem repeat fingerprinting (MLVF) of 33 S. aureus isolates obtained from 210 milk samples revealed the MLVF clusters A (n = 1), B (n = 26), C (n = 5) and D (n = 1). Spa-typing showed that clusters A and B represent the spa-type t224, cluster C includes spa-types t3196 and t416, and cluster D represents spa-type t114. The different spa-types were mirrored by the masses of protein A bands as detected by Western blotting. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that one isolate was susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, whereas all other strains were resistant only to benzylpenicillin. These findings show that only four S. aureus lineages, susceptible to most antimicrobials, were responsible for causing mastitis at the time of sampling. Lastly, many isolates carried the same small plasmid, designated pSAM1. The high prevalence of pSAM1 amongst the antimicrobial-susceptible isolates suggests an association with bovine colonization or mastitis rather than antimicrobial resistance

The carbon cycle in Mexico: past, present and future of C stocks and fluxes

PublishedThe Supplement related to this article is available online at doi:10.5194/bg-13-223-2016-supplement.We modeled the carbon (C) cycle in Mexico with a process-based approach. We used different available products (satellite data, field measurements, models and flux towers) to estimate C stocks and fluxes in the country at three different time frames: present (defined as the period 2000–2005), the past century (1901–2000) and the remainder of this century (2010–2100). Our estimate of the gross primary productivity (GPP) for the country was 2137 ± 1023 TgC yr−1 and a total C stock of 34 506 ± 7483 TgC, with 20 347 ± 4622 TgC in vegetation and 14 159 ± 3861 in the soil. Contrary to other current estimates for recent decades, our results showed that Mexico was a C sink over the period 1990–2009 (+31 TgC yr−1) and that C accumulation over the last century amounted to 1210 ± 1040 TgC. We attributed this sink to the CO2 fertilization effect on GPP, which led to an increase of 3408 ± 1060 TgC, while both climate and land use reduced the country C stocks by −458 ± 1001 and −1740 ± 878 TgC, respectively. Under different future scenarios, the C sink will likely continue over the 21st century, with decreasing C uptake as the climate forcing becomes more extreme. Our work provides valuable insights on relevant driving processes of the C cycle such as the role of drought in drylands (e.g., grasslands and shrublands) and the impact of climate change on the mean residence time of soil C in tropical ecosystems.The lead author (G. Murray-Tortarolo) thanks CONACYT-CECTI, the University of Exeter and Secretaría de Educación Pública (SEP) for their funding of this project. The authors extend their thanks to Carlos Ortiz Solorio and to the Colegio de Posgraduados for the field soil data and to the Alianza Redd+ Mexico for the field biomass data. This project would not have been possible without the valuable data from the CMIP5 models. A. Arneth, G. Murray-Tortarolo, A. Wiltshire and S. Sitch acknowledge the support of the European Commission-funded project LULCC4C (grant no. 603542). A. Wiltshire was partsupported by the Joint UK DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101)

Estrategia de branding para la entrada a nuevos mercados. Un enfoque institucional y cultural caso grupo bimbo.

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar si las estrategias de branding ha permitido a Grupo Bimbo tener participación en nuevos mercados, a través de un análisis desde un enfoque institucional y cultural, para la determinación de la estrategia branding en el estudio del caso de Grupo Bimbo y su participación en tres países de América Latina (Argentina, Brasil y Perú). Se basa en un método cualitativo, con estudio de tipo descriptivo y explicativo, mediante investigación documental y el uso de la entrevista como instrumento de recolección de datos, y que dadas las problemáticas y estrategias del caso en estudio, se obtiene como resultado las estrategias de branding utilizadas para los 3 mercados antes mencionados.The objective of this research is to determine if branding strategies have allowed Grupo Bimbo to participate in new markets, through an analysis from an institutional and cultural approach, to determine the branding strategy in the case study of Grupo Bimbo and its participation in three Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil and Peru). It is based on a qualitative method, with a descriptive and explanatory study, through documentary research and the use of the interview as an instrument for data collection, and given the problems and strategies of the case under study, the result is the branding used for the 3 markets mentioned above

Estrategia de branding para la entrada a nuevos mercados. Un enfoque institucional y cultural caso grupo bimbo.

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar si las estrategias de branding ha permitido a Grupo Bimbo tener participación en nuevos mercados, a través de un análisis desde un enfoque institucional y cultural, para la determinación de la estrategia branding en el estudio del caso de Grupo Bimbo y su participación en tres países de América Latina (Argentina, Brasil y Perú). Se basa en un método cualitativo, con estudio de tipo descriptivo y explicativo, mediante investigación documental y el uso de la entrevista como instrumento de recolección de datos, y que dadas las problemáticas y estrategias del caso en estudio, se obtiene como resultado las estrategias de branding utilizadas para los 3 mercados antes mencionados.The objective of this research is to determine if branding strategies have allowed Grupo Bimbo to participate in new markets, through an analysis from an institutional and cultural approach, to determine the branding strategy in the case study of Grupo Bimbo and its participation in three Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil and Peru). It is based on a qualitative method, with a descriptive and explanatory study, through documentary research and the use of the interview as an instrument for data collection, and given the problems and strategies of the case under study, the result is the branding used for the 3 markets mentioned above

Targeting inflammasome by the inhibition of caspase-1 activity using capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles

[EN] Acute inflammation is a protective response of the body to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens or damaged cells. However, dysregulated inflammation can cause secondary damage and could thus contribute to the pathophysiology of many diseases. Inflammasomes, the macromolecular complexes responsible for caspase-1 activation, have emerged as key regulators of immune and inflammatory responses. Therefore, modulation of inflammasome activity has become an important therapeutic approach. Here we describe the design of a smart nanodevice that takes advantage of the passive targeting of nanoparticles to macrophages and enhances the therapeutic effect of caspase-1 inhibitor VX-765 in vivo. The functional hybrid systems consisted of MCM-41-based nanoparticles loaded with anti-inflammatory drug VX-765 (S2-P) and capped with poly-L-lysine, which acts as a molecular gate. S2-P activity has been evaluated in cellular and in vivo models of inflammation. The results indicated the potential advantage of using nanodevices to treat inflammatory diseases. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.The authors wish to express their gratitude to the Spanish government (Projects MAT2015-64139-C4-1-R and SAF2014-52614-R (MINECO/FEDER)) and the Generalitat Valencia (Projects PROMETEOII/2014/061 and PROMETEOII/2014/047) for support. A.G-F. is grateful to the Spanish government for an FPU grant.García-Fernández, A.; García-Laínez, G.; Ferrandiz Manglano, ML.; Aznar, E.; Sancenón Galarza, F.; Alcaraz, MJ.; Murguía, JR.... (2017). Targeting inflammasome by the inhibition of caspase-1 activity using capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Journal of Controlled Release. 248:60-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.01.002S607024

“PMA Sounds Fun”: Negotiating Drug Discourses Online

In 2007, a young woman, Annabel Catt, died after consuming a capsule sold as “ecstasy” that contained para-methoxyamphetamine. In this paper, we describe how this death was depicted in online drug-user communities and illustrate how the meanings of drug use are negotiated in online settings. News articles, public online discussions, and online fieldwork formed the data. This paper demonstrates how dominant drug discourses may be resisted by drug users, drawing on theories of health resistance and Kane Race’s concept of counter public health. Online environments may offer ways of engaging people who use drugs that acknowledge both pleasure and safety. The study’s limitations are noted