On the order of Dirichlet L-functions

Let L(s, X) be a Dirichlet L-function, where X is a nonprincipal character (mod q) and s = σ + it

Інституціональні умови та пастки розвитку регулювання витратами підприємництва (Institutional and conditions of adjustment expenses trap enterprise)

У статті з’ясовано поняття інституту та інституції. Досліджено, що розгляд інституціонального середовища передбачає виокремлення інституціональних умов макроекономічного характеру, що впливають на розвиток регулювання витратами підприємництва. Дослідження інституціональних умов розвитку регулювання витратами підприємництва свідчить про їх важливість та активну роль інститутів та інституціонального середовища в економічному розвитку країни. Виділення та систематизація інституціональних умов розвитку регулювання витратами підприємництва на макроекономічному рівні дає можливість виділити проблемні напрями інституціональних перетворень. У процесі нашого дослідження розкрито повноту формальних та неформальних взаємовідносини між суб’єктами підприємництва і державою в результаті яких утворився цілий ряд так званих «інсти- туційних пасток», що нівелює підтримку пріоритетних видів економічної діяльності, інформаційну прозорість та забезпечення правового захисту підприємництва. Досліджено, що в Україні сформувався певний взаємозв’язок між наявністю інституціональних пасток та джерелами отриманням вигоди від них. Вважаємо, що вигодонабувачами від факту існування інституціональної пастки є працівники органів державної влади. Адже, вони як окремі працівники максимізують власну корисність, а з другого – є державними службовцями – представниками народу, вихідною функцією котрих є максимізація добробуту всього суспільства. Виділені інституціональні умови та пастки розвитку регулювання витратами підприємництва на рівні державного управління доводять необхідність розробки стратегії мінімізації витрат підприємницького сектору з метою підтримки пріоритетних видів економічної діяльності, інформаційної прозорості, забезпечення правового захисту. (The article revealed the concept of institution and institutions. Investigated that consideration of the institutional environment involves isolating nature of macroeconomic institutional conditions that influence the development of business regulation costs. Research institutional conditions of business regulation costs indicates their importance and active role of institutions and institutional environment in economic development. Isolation and systematization of institutional conditions of business regulation costs at the macroeconomic level makes it possible to identify the problematic areas of institutional transformation. In the course of our study revealed the fullness of formal and informal relationships between business entities and the state in which was formed a number of so-called «institutional traps» that undermines support priority economic activities, information transparency and legal protection business. Studied that in Ukraine formed a relationship between the presence of traps and institutional sources to benefit from them. We believe that the beneficiaries of the existence of institutional traps are employees of public authorities. After all, they are individual employees maximize its utility, and the other – civil servants – representatives of the people, the original function of which is to maximize the welfare of society. Dedicated institutional conditions and pitfalls of business regulation costs at the level of government proves the need to develop strategies to minimize the cost of the business sector to support priority economic activities, information transparency, legal protection.

Regularity of patterns in the factorization of n!

AbstractConsider the multiplicities ep1(n),ep2(n),…,epk(n) in which the primes p1,p2,…,pk appear in the factorization of n!. We show that these multiplicities are jointly uniformly distributed modulo (m1,m2,…,mk) for any fixed integers m1,m2,…,mk, thus improving a result of Luca and Stănică [F. Luca, P. Stănică, On the prime power factorization of n!, J. Number Theory 102 (2003) 298–305]. To prove the theorem, we obtain a result regarding the joint distribution of several completely q-additive functions, which seems to be of independent interest

Absence of ferromagnetism in Co and Mn substituted polycrystalline ZnO

We discuss the properties of semiconducting bulk ZnO when substituted with the magnetic transition metal ions Mn and Co, with substituent fraction ranging from $x$ = 0.02 to $x$ = 0.15. The magnetic properties were measured as a function of magnetic field and temperature and we find no evidence for magnetic ordering in these systems down to $T$ = 2 K. The magnetization can be fit by the sum of a Curie-Weiss term with a Weiss temperature of $\Theta\gg$100 K and a Curie term. We attribute this behavior to contributions from both \textit{t}M ions with \textit{t}M nearest neighbors and from isolated spins. This particular functional form for the susceptibility is used to explain why no ordering is observed in \textit{t}M substituted ZnO samples despite the large values of the Weiss temperature. We also discuss in detail the methods we used to minimize any impurity contributions to the magnetic signal.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures (revised

On the Thermal Instability in a Contracting Gas Cloud and Formation of a Bound Cluster

We perform linear analysis of thermal instability in a contracting large cloud filled with warm HI gas and investigate the effect of metallicity and radiation flux. When the cloud reaches critical density n_f, the cloud fragments into cool, dense condensations because of thermal instability. For a lower metallicity gas cloud, the value of n_f is high. Collision between condensations will produce self-gravitating clumps and stars thereafter. From the result of calculation, we suggest that high star formation efficiency and bound cluster formation are realized in low-metallicity and/or strong-radiation environments.Comment: 7 pages, including 7 figures, LaTeX2e(emulateapj5.sty) To appear in ApJ, Jun 10, 200

The combined effects of ionizing radiation and weightlessness on calcium and phosphorus content in the mineral fraction of the calcified tissues in the rat skeleton

Phosphorus and calcium content in the ash from skeletal bones (ribs, scapula, vertebra, and crus) of 30 rats exposed to ionizing radiation (800 rads) on the flight of the Kosmos 690 biosatellite was studied. A 10 percent decrease in ash content coefficient and 29 percent decrease in phosphorus content was found immediately after the flight, and a 9 percent decrease in phosphorus content persisted after 26 days of readaptation to terrestrial conditions

The effect of hypodynamia on mineral and protein metabolism in calcified tissues of the maxillodental system (experimental radioisotope study)

Mineral and protein metabolism was studied in experiments on 60 white rats, using P-32 and Ca-45 uptake in the mineral fractions, 2C-14-glycine in the protein fractions, and P-32 in both fractions of calcified tissues as indices over a 100 day period of experimental hypodynamia. Combined alterations in mineral and protein metabolism occurred in the calcified tissues of the experimental animals. The most pronounced changes were found in P-32 and 2C-14-glycine metabolism. In the incisors and femoral bones, these alterations occurred in two phases: P-32 and 2C-14-glycine uptake first increased, then decreased. Changes in Ca-45 metabolism were less pronounced, particularly in the initial period of the experiment. A marked reduction in P-32, Ca-45, and 2C-14-glycine uptake was found in various fractions of the calcified tissues on the 100th day of experimental hypodynamia

Pitavastatin – a new inhibitor of the HMG-CoA reductase: peculiarities of clinical pharmacology and perspectives of its usage in treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Cardiovascular mortality makes up 66.3 % of the total mortality in Ukraine. Myocardial infarction, stroke, atherosclerosis of peripheral arteries are the diseases caused by atherosclerosis and are prevalent in the mortality structure. One of the most effective means of successful prevention of cardiovascular disease are drugs that reduce the content of atherogenic lipids in the blood. Statins are the first line drugs for the treatment of patients with dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis in accordance with national and international guidelines. The article presents the features of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, results of clinical trials and data on the efficacy and safety of a new inhibitor of the HMG-CoA reductase – pitavastatin (Livazo © (Recordati, Italy). Data from several multicenter randomized studies indicate that pitavastatin significantly reduces the level of cholesterol low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides, significantly increases the level of cholesterol high-density lipoproteins after 12 weeks of observation, and contributes to a significant regression of atherosclerotic plaques. It was shown that pitavastatin has a high level of safety and is well tolerated regardless of patients' age and racial origin. Pitavastatin is a new effective inhibitor of HMG -CoA reductase, which has been successfully used in many countries for the dyslipidemia treatment in patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, kidney diseases and other comorbid conditions

Effect of space flight on sodium, copper, manganese and magnesium content in the skeletal bones

Sodium content decreased in the human skeletal bones and rose in the rat bones following space flight. In man copper content rose in the femoral bone and decreased in the vertebral body and the sternum, but was unchanged in the rest of the bones. Magnesium content was decreased in the femoral bone and the sternum, and in the vertebrae, but remained unchanged in the rest of the bones. Possible mechanisms of the changes detected are discussed